THE ORCME^'f BURMA ( Including the Andaman Islands) IJBSORIBiGD. i K}//-// ED EEOAf THE iVOKKS OF VARIOUS AUTHORITIES Captain Bartlk Grant, 77 /#.' Htn'th'r Adjiihtnf, Uantjoon Volmitevr Rijlfs. IRaitdoon: PRINTED AT THE HANTHAWADDY PRESS, 189s. [ AU rights reserved. ] ERRATA. Page I Line 10 for / edeni read Scdeni. „ II „ Ju'den Seden. 13 „ 3 „ P/na/^ Pinnati. V 1' ,, 6 „ Bipinati Bepinnati. V „ 9 „ J'ripinafi Tripinuali. n n ,, 35 OcLeliitcd OcelUiied. e; ,, 3 ,, anihei anther. 20 „ 28 Rostock Rootstock. „ 29 ,, .iccuininatc acuminate. .32 „ 1 ,, bractiatc bractoate. r 2 „ .u'cinninaU acuminate. 40 ,, 23 ,, li. Khabyaiuim read H. Khasianinn, (iiitf ; and add below, I ]. Khasyanum, Rchb. f. See />’. repens. in Hooker’s Kl. lint. Ind. />. G. and 48 „ 28 dele, uol ^iven insert, Sec Cindiopctulum ^imilliniuni. 55 ,, 1 Idi Clin lopetaluin read CirrhopelalLiin. in M ,, 18 for l)elpharislcs lead blcpharistes. 11 59 C. Siiniilnnum add, S\ N liutbophytiuni similiinimn. Par. V lino 21 for biyyiboiis 1 cad bigibbous. JT 81 „ 2 read, Leaves 2 - 3 - 1, 146 „ 22 for n. pnlchclla read E. pukhclla 162 „ T2 for Rolf „ Rolfe. 182 after line 21 add, Refeired to sect. Pleione hy its anther with which it has nothing in common. Hook. f. •1 234 line 4 for I> apeiioidcs read IL aporoides. 55 “4 75 Kolf, ,,, Rolfe. 11 256 „ 15 after, erect, insert, dowers, and to V. parviflora add, Var. icstacca ; sepals and petals brown. SYN-K teHacca^ Rchb. f. in Ciard. Chron. 1S77, 166 ; .‘Krid^js testaceum^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 238; Paxt. FI Gard. ii. t. 142; Walp. Ann. v. 897. „ 261 ,,2 for I in. read 1. ft- „ 269 „ 16 „ lilacs read lilac. „ 274 Above /IC, Virens insert /E. tcstaceum, See Vanda parinjlora^ V^ar. tcstacea. „ 275 line 19 for O. cublefarum, read O. cublepliariini. 278 J7 IS 77 S. biggibiini, „ S, bigibbum. 77 288 >7 30 77 Uncifera read Uncifent. )7 293 77 16 77 S. densiflorum read S. densiflorus. ») 326 77 21 77 convenient „ connivent. Note . — The initials C. P. in this work refer to the drawing's of the Revd. Charles Parish. PRFFACR. When I commenced to take up the studj^ of Burmese Orchids, I found the want of a book of reference at a inoilcrate price, suitable for a beginner’s use, a serious obstacle to my progress. 'I'hc larger works on Orchids, c‘s]3ecially those with coloured plates, are very cO'itly, and the various Lilirarics of Rangoon arc by no means too well furnished with liotanical works of reference. The Orchids of Burma, again, form but a fractional part of this immense order of plants, the members ’of which arc to be found in almost every part of the globe, tropical and temperate, and much time was expended in hunt- ing out what I wanted from a large mass of unsuitable material. Vcitch’s Manual is, I am told, out of print, and William's Manual though of the greatest assistance, is a Florist’s book and naturally treats only of such species as from their beauty arc worthy of cultivation in an English Orchid house. Hooker's .Flora of British India, parts V and VI treating of Orchidca*, gives undoubtedly the latest and best information obtainable, but the descriptions are purely technical and require a certain amount of Botanical knowledge to render them intelligible to a beginner. I found the Rev. Charles Parish’s article on Orchids in Theo- bald’s edition of Mason's Bnrma more useful than anything else as a starting point, though, of course, his list of Burmese species is now very incomplete. This careful and accurate observer, whose drawings of Orchids have, I believe, never been surpassed, enjoyed exceptional advantages in the study of these PREFACE. plants, having been stationed, as he himself says, for over 20 years in one spot, Moulmcin, where living specimens of almost every kind named by him in his list were the subject of daily attention. I have endeavoured in this work to meet the requirements both of Students and Amateurs : the descriptions of “ Florists ” kinds most interesting to the latter, are as simple as is consistent with accuracy, and are taken mostly from William s, Parish’s and Veitch’s works, while The Flora of British India^ The Botani- cal Magazine^ The Kew Bulletin^ &c., furnish those of such kinds as are of purely Botanical interest. I venture to think that the Index of technical terms, giving an explanation of every .scientific expression used in this book, will be found a useful feature. Hints on the treament of Orchids in India, potting, mounting and watering, are also given. As to the classification and arrangement, broadly speaking the system adopted is Lindlcy’s, while the Nomenclature is Hooker’s. In an Appendix, and in the key following at the end of the description of each genus, to be read in conjuction, I have also given the classification of the Flora of British India^ for the use of students who may prefer to follow Hooker’s system. As information as to the localities where the different species of Orchids are to be found, and the seasons at which they flower, cannot fail to be of value, I have given some forms at the end of the book which can be filled up from time to time, and sent to me for use should a second edition of this work be called for. I cannot hope that no omissions nor mistakes, printers or otherwise, arc to be found in the volume, in spite of every care in its preparation, and I shall be sincerely grateful to any one who will bring those he discovers to my notice. BARTLE GRANT. Rangoon 18^5. THE ORCHIDS OF BURMA DESCRIBED. ( Siicluding tboec of tbc Bnbaman Solaiiba. ) NOMENCLATURE OF ORCHIDS. In every case two names are given, the first of which indicates the “ genus ” to which the plant belongs, the second describes the peculiarity which distinguishes it from the other members of that group, and may be descriptive of the habit of the plant or appearance of the flower, or have been given in compliment to some distinguished person, or in com- memoration of the name of the discoverer or person by whom the plant was first flowered in England. The rule for these last cases, as laid down by Sir Josej)h Paxton, is, that when the plant is named after its discov- erer or introducer, it is Latinized with the use of the genitive case ter- minating in “rt?” or ” as for example Cypripedium Ledeni'^ — in English Mr. Leden’s Cypripedium ; but when the name is given in • . * compliment only to some eminent person who is not actually the dis- coverer or introducer, the accusative case should invariably be used, as in *Dendrobin?H Cavibridgeauum^'^ which flowered at Chatsworth for the first time in England when the Duchess of Cambridge was visiting the then Duke of Devonshire in 1838. When a plant has been botani- cally described and named, it is an understood rule that the name so given shall hold good. Mere varieties of size and colour are not considered sufficient to warrant a separate specifi^^ name, but such are usually indicated by the addition of a third namb, as Pkalanopsis grandiflora aurea^ which is in allusion to the deeper golden colour of the flower than in the ordinary Ph: Grandiflora v/hich it resembles in every other parti- cular.— 2 The Orchids of Burma. GENERAL MANAGEMENT. I. — PoiTiNG AND Mounting. The hints given below, taken from the work by Mr. Samuel Jen- nings, late Vice-President of the Agri-Horticultural Society of India, will be found of the greatest use to those who grow Orchids in India and Burma. As he observes, it by no means follows that the treatment of Orchids which meets with the best results in England is that which will afford the most satisfaction in India. The direct sun-light doubtless plays a most important part in perfecting the growth and deepening the colours of all tropical plants, and a great deal of the sun’s influence is cut off from them when they are grown under glass ; this is in a great measure proved from the fact that the same plants bloom with much richer colours in India than they do in England. In England many epiphytes are grown in baskets filled with fibrous peat ; such treatment would be their ruin in a tropical climate, more especi«ally when there is a great deal of atmospheric moisture. 'Phe best season for re-potting and re-mounting is the cold w’eather when the plants are at rest, but the operation may be performed, if the plant is strong and healthy, at any time before the new and tender shoots make their appearance. 'There are times, however, when re potting must be done irrespective of season altogether, as the lesser of tw'o evils-- that IS, if the soil has become sodden or sour, or the pots infested with nox- ious insects ; then with the utmost care break the old pot, and where- ever the roots have attached themselves, allow the pieces of crock, &cr, P) remain planted in the new pot after thoroughly cleaning them. In such an event it is important to avoid touching the growing points of the roots, which upon examination with a microscope will be found to consist of numerous hollow cells, like a sponge ; a light touch would be quite sufficient to break down their delicate walls and completely stop their development. The best pots for Orchids are made very shallow, with drainage holes all round the sides, but these arc by no means so handy or sightly as pots of the ordinary shape. In potting Orchids the first es.scntial is perfect cleanliness: the plant, leaves, and roots should be thoroughly washed in lukewarm water, and Tiip: Orchids of Burma. 3 all soil and dirt removed, the dead roots cut off with a pair of scissors. The pot selected should not be too large for the size of the plant— over potting is a great mistake ; it should be perfectly clean inside and out and all the pieces of broken crock used for drainage should also be well washed. Drainage must be complete; this is secured by placing about an inch of broken crocks at the bottom of the pot. The material for filling up should be a mixture of charcoal in lumps, and pieces of vitri- fied brick, called “ jummah,” the refuse of brickkilns, broken to a con- venient size, the larger pieces being placed below, and the smaller near the surface. When there is a considerable mass of fleshy roots, as is frequently the case in fine specimens of Vanda^ yErides^ and Saccolahium^ it is sufficient to fill the pot, building the lumps care- fully and firmly round the .stem, till the roots are all covered, and finishing off with a top-dressing of moss. Hut if the plant has but little root, it is a good plan to fiisten it securely to a small block of wood with copper wire, and sink the block in the potting material, covering all with moss as before. When it is necessary to have something more than lumps of charcoal about the roots of Epiphytal Orchids, the best material is moss, but when this is not procurable the dust beaten out of cocoanut fibre may be substituted, mixed with the lumps in the pots, but the drainage must be kept quite clear. In all cases it is necessary to keep the crown of the plant quite free ibove the surface and the roots securely fastened. During the rains the top-dressing of moss should be removed. The above mode of treatment is recommended for all Epiphytal Orchids which like Van- das and yErides have no fleshy pseudo-bulbs. Phalccnopsis^' and the more delicate kinds are best grown on blocks of hard w'ood, half sunk into potting material, so that the whole plant is above the surface, but protected with moss. When it is desired to mount Orchids on blocks, a flat board of teak, sissoo, or other hard and durable kind should be used. Wet and white ants will very soon destroy mango wood. The wood should be select- ed free from holes or rough bark which gives cover to insects, and the wood should not^be green. In mounting use small copper nails, which should be first driven into the board in the form of a square or trian- gle ; then twist the end of a piece of thin copper wire round one of the nails ; place a little fresh moss upon the wood and the root of the plant 4 The Orchids oe Burma. carefully spread out over that, covering it up with a little more moss, fix it all firmly by passing the wire from nail to nail. Avoid the use of cocoanut fibre which soon becomes sour and harbours many destruc- tive pests which feed on the young shoots. Almost all Epiphytal Orchids prefer basket to pot cultivation, as they delight to coil their roots round the woodwork, or to hang them loosely in the air though the open bars. These baskets are easily made : in shape they are best square, and as small as possible consistent with the size of the plant. Cut the bars of wood into even lengths, teak is the best ; bore holes carefully at exactly the same distance from the ends ; then take four lengths of suffi- ciently strong copper wire, one for each corner, fastening the ends to the lowest bar, building them up alternately to the right and left to form the basket ; the upper ends of wire should then be brought together to form a handle by w'hich the whole may be suspended. The bottom of the basket is formed by nailing similar bars across, leaving intervals for drainage and cultivation.— GENERAL MANAGEMENT. II.— Cleanliness and Watering. It is needless to remark that without care and personal attention the Horticulturist will never succeed in bringing any plant to perfection, and this applies with peculiar force to the cultivation of Orchids. So much of the beauty of the plants depends upon the condition of the leaves, that too much care and attention cannot be bestowed upon them ; more than this, unless the^'^H^yes are able to perform their proper func. tions, it is useless to expect the plants to grow in full health and vigor. This is especially necessary in the case of Epiphytal Orchids, which derive so much of their nourishment from atmospheric moisture imbib, ed by the serial roots and elaborated by the leaves ; it follows then that if their pores be choked up with dust and dirt, the leaves are rend- ered useless for the latter purpose. Hence the importance of frequent- ly washing the leaves of the Orchids. This is best done with a soft sponge and soap and water, the ammonia in soap exercising a very bene- ficial effect, besides rendering it so much easier to remove impurities. They must however be very carefully handled as the surface of the leaf is very tender and liable to injury if rubbed too hard. The Orchids of Burma. S * Another point to which it is necessary to give the most careful at- tention is the watering. The water used should be a degree or so warmer than the atmos - phere — as it usually is when first drawn from a well — but the best plan is to store rain water in a cistern, adding a little hot water if it is found to be too cold when required for use. It will be found by the use of warmed water, that the plants make stronger and more vigorous growth. As to the best lime for watering ; when but little is requjred, and the plants need it but once daily, it is preferable to water in the morn- ing, before tlie sun becomes iiowerful, as then the plants are not likely to receive a chill about the roots from too much wet on a cold night. 'Fhen, as the days become hotter, and the atmosphere drier, twice a day water will be required; the ^afternoon — just before sunset — will then be the best time to give the second supply. Direct midday watering should be avoided if possible, as there is always a danger that drops may be accidentally left upon the leaves, and should the stints rays rest upon them, the drop acts like a lens, and a hole will be burnt in the leaf in consequence. Whenever it is necessary to supply moisture in the middle of the day, it is preferable to give water on the floors and walls, over the benches on which the plants stand, by the use of cus-cus tatties, or even by spreading tan upon the floors and keeping it well , wetted. Orchids which are grown upon wood will require much more water than those growm in baskets or pots, because the moisture is not retain- ed so long about the roots ; these will bear syringing twice or three times a day when growing, and even an occasional good soaking under water w'ill be found useful when the wood has become very dry. Overhead watering is very refreshing to all plants after a dry, hot day, and the afternoon is the best time for this method. But the great danger to be afiprehcnded is from an accumulation of water in the crowns of such plants as Vandas, Saccolabiums and Cypripediums, or on very tender young shoots. If the water is not removed with a sponge, rot may ensue, and the plant be ruined. For overhead watering, the syringe should have a very fine rose, and be used gently. Never syringe plants in bud or bloom,— 6 The Orchids of Burma. ORCHIDE^. “ The order owes its chief peculiarities to the following circum- stances : TSt to the consolidation of all the sexual organs staweus, pistils^ into one common mass called the Column ; 2ndly, to the suppression of all anthers, except one in the mass of the order and two in Cypripediae ; 3rdly, to the peculiar condition of its pollen, and the anther which contains it ; and 4lhly, to the very general deve- lopment of one of the inner leaves of the perianth in an excessive degree, or in an unusual foim.” — Lindley. Such, shortly and technically stated, is the peculiarity of an Orchid flower : in order, however, to make all the parts of the flower clear to an inexperienced person, perhaps the simplest way will be to suppose that we have such a flower in our hand, and proceed to examine it in detail. Fortunately one of the largest and most suitable for our pur- pose is also one of the commonest and most easily procurable in Burma ; this is the lovely Dendrobium Formosum, We will take then, a specimen of this well-known flower in our hand, and examine it part by part. First, we notice that it is seated at right -angles on a short round white curved pedicel^ or stalk, \vhich is thickened slightly upwards, near the flower. This upper or thickened portion is really the germ, or as yet unfertilized see^-vessel, which if duly impregnated, will ultimately be developed into a large oval or pear shaped pod. Some orchids have little or no other footstalk than this germ. If we next look at and count the segments of the flower, we shall find that they are six, including the lip as one. Six be it renxember- ed is the normal number of such parts in all Orchids ; there are occa- sional apparent exceptions, but this is the rule. These six segments go by the general name of perianth^ which means the flower envelope. (“The flower ” of a plant, technically, being its sexual parts, and not the generally coloured parts commonly so called and forming its chief attrac- tion). Of this perianth the three outer segments will be seen to be ob- long, pointed, and tolerably uniform in shape ; these are the “ sepals Alternating with these are the three much larger and broader inner seg- ments, which are the “ petals This name, however, in Orchids mostly confined to the two upper, while the lower one is called “ the The Orchids of Burma. 7 lip '' — and is that part of the perianth which being “generally developed in an excessive degree, or in an unusual form, ” constitutes one of the main characters of the order. We next observe, in the centre or axis of the flower, a short, thick, fleshy body ; this is “ the column " ; and at its extremity, seated in a sort of cleft, a little cap or lid, which is the “ anther and if we gently lift the lid (it is fastened by a hinge to the back of the column) there will probably fall out (for they are perfectly free) four small, yellow, hard, waxy bodies, either al- together or in two pairs ; these are the pollen- masses^ on the number and position and attachment of which the “ diagnosis” of Orchids is made so largely to depend. Further, if we look just below the anther in front a small cavity with a viscid surface will be seen : this is the “ stigmatic surface^ and the fertilization and development of the germ into a fully ripened capsule or pod depends entirely on the pollinia or pollen- masses coming in contact with it. And it is doubtless owing to the fact that the pollinia in Dendrobium are wholly free, and so easily fall out and away from the flower, that ripened pods are so rare in this genus as compared with some others, such as brides and Saccolabium whose pollinia are not free. But we must not throw away our flower yet, for we have not quite finished its examination. It was said that the three outer segments of the perianth, or sepals, were tolerably uniform ; this, however, has reference to their upper part only, for it will be seen that the two lateral sepals are drawn out back- wards (as is also the base of the lip), and have there become connate^ f. e,y have grown one with the back part of the column, which is length- ened behind into a horn or spur. We have now noticed all the princi- pal parts of an Orchid flower, and these are all to be looked for and found in nearly every Orchid, though it is not to be supposed that they will be always discovered as readily as in our typical flower. Sometimes you will look in vain for six segments, and must be content with five, as in Cypripedium^ where the two lower sepals are connate and form but one, and these two together often smaller than the upper one. Sometimes you may search in vain for the petals — for they may be so minute as hardly to be seen, as in Monomeria or wholly transformed into something else, as into a fringe in Epi- tranihes. 8 The Orchids of Burma. If again you should be fortunate enough to obtain that singular little gem Drymoda picta^ you will wonder what in the world has become of the two lateral sepals, till, upon more careful inspection, you find them close to the lip, far away at the end of a long and unusual projection. This projection is the mentuvu The column, which in our Dendrobium was produced back- wards into a horn or spur, is, in Bulbophyllum and other orchids, projected forward, in a greater or less degree, and then it is called a mentum. The column again, which is very short in some orchids is very long and prominent in others, as in Casiogyne. Lastly, the lip is variously attached to the column, sometimes being connate with its base, sometimes articulated or jointed with it, and this in a greater or less degree ; so slightly, for instance, in Bulbophyllum as to shake tremulously with every movement of the flower. It is the lip also which assumes that endless variety of fantastic form and colouring which is familiar to those who have studied and cultivated this most singular and charming order of plants. (From the Rev. C. Parish's article.^ Orchideec^ in Theobald's edition of Mason's Burma." J CLASSIFICATION. The classification here employed is taken from the Revd. C. Parish’s Systematic Arrangement of Burmese Orchids^ as set out in the article Orchideoe of Theobald’s edition of Mason^s “ Burma.” This arrangement is based on Lindley’s system, who made the main divisions of the order to depend on differences of the pollen- masses and their attachment. Lindley’s arrangement as set forth in his Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants is as follows : — 1. Anther one only. A. Pollen masses waxy. (a) No caudicula or separable stigmatic gland. The Orchids of Burma. 9 TribeJ. MALAXED or MALAXIDE^E. (Jf) A distinct caudicula^ but no separate stigmatic gland. Tribe II. EPIDENDRE^. (/) A distinct caudicula, united to a deciduous stigmatic gland. Tribe III. VANDE^. B. Pollen powdery, granular or sectile. {a) Anther terminal, erect. Tribe IV. OPHRE^ or OPHRYDE^. (b) Anther terminal, opercular (lid like). Tribe V. ARETHUSE^. (r) Anther dorsal. Tribe VI. NEOTTE^. II. Anthers two. Tribe VII. CYPRIPEDE/E. The above arrangement which is that followed here will be found sufficiently simple for the Amateur’s use. Parish remarks that he would be disposed to give the preference to Bentham’s greatly mc/dified arrangement in his paper “ Notes on Orchideae” read ‘ before the Linnean Society, January 20, 1882., and that he has only made one change in Lindley’s description, that of adopting Bentham’s term “stipes” for the appendage of the Pollinia of VandecB) re- taining Lindley’s term Caudicle for that of Epidendrecs^ as the former botanist has pointed out the necessity for a distinctive term for an organ which is so essentially different “ both in origin and sub- stance.” * The following terms of frequent occurrence in the descriptions of plants are given below grouped together with reference to the parts to which they refer, these and other terms not here given will be found fully described in the Index of Technical terms. * The latest classification of the order as set forth by Sir Joseph Hooker in the Flora of Britts h Jitdia will be found in Appendix A. lO The Orchids oe Burma. Terms referring to the general outline of the lamina or blades of leaves. Many of these terms are also used in reference to the forms of petals, etc. Unequal^ When one side of the lamina is more developed than the other. Linear^ When nearly of the same breadth from the base to. near the apex, narrow and with the two margins parallel. Acerose (needle shaped), When a linear leaf terminates in a sharp, rigid point. Subulate (awl-shaped), When the blade is very narrow and tapers from the base to a very fine point. Lanceolate^ 3 — 4 times as long as broad : broader in the centre than at the two extremities, tapering towards both base and apex. Oval^ or Elliptic^ 2—3 times as long as broad with the ends equally rounded off. Oblong, 3 — 4 times as long as broad with the ends equally rounded off. Ovate (egg shaped), more or less rounded at the base and broader at this part than at the apex so that the whole is of the shape of an egg cut lengthwise. Obovate (inversely egg-shaped), of the same figure as the above but with the apex broader than the base. Cuneate (wedge-shaped), broad at the apex and abruptly pointed, * tapering towards the base. Spathulate (spatula-shaped), broad at the apex and rounded, tapering down to the base. Cordate (heart-shaped), broad and hollowed out at the base into 2 rounded lobes, and more or less pointed at the apex ; the broadest part at the base. Obcordate (inversely heart-shaped), of the same figure as the above but with the apex broader than the base, and hollowed out into 2 rounded lobes, base more or less pointed. Reniform (kidney-shaped), resembles a cordate lamina but with apex rounded and whole blade broader than long. Lunate (crescent shaped), reniform but with the lobes at the base pointed. The Orchids of Burma. [ 1 * Hastate (halbert-shaped), blade broad and hollowed out at its base with 2 acute lobes placed almost horizontally or quite. Orbicular^ perfectly round. . Sub-rotund, rounded, approaching orbicular. These terms may be used in combination to describe leaves which do not accurately agree witli any of the above, as ovate-lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, cordate-ovate, roundish-ovate, &c., &c. Terms referring to the ^form * of leaves, 1.^., their solid configura- tion ; including length, breadth, and thickness. Adcular, needle-shaped. Ensiform, sword-like. Adnaciform, scim itar-sha ped. Terete, quill-shaped. Linguiform, tongue-shaped. Ligulate, strap-shaped. Terms referring to the apex of the lamina. Obtuse (blunt), when rounded or forming the segment of a circle. Retuse, when obtuse with a broad shallow notch in the middle. Emarginate, when the notch as in the above is sharp, or nearly triangular. Truncate, when the lamina terminates very abruptly as if it had been cut across in a straight line. Prcemorse, if under the same circumstances the termination is ragged and irregular as if it had been ‘ bitten off\ Acute (sharp pointed), when the apex is sharp so that the two margins form an acute angle with each other. Acuminate (taper pointed), w^hen the point is very long, and tapering. Cuspidate, when gradually tapering into a rigid point. Mucronate, when the apex, commonly rounded, ends abruptly in a short point. Terms referring to the margin of the lamina. Entire, if without any irregularity, perfectly even ; as in most orchids. The Orchids of Burma. , • • • ^ 'T Indented (toothed), if irregular ; of ‘ which indentations there are several varieties as, Serrate^ if the teeth are sharp like a saw, and all poifit towards the apex. Serrulate^ minutely serrate. Bi-serrate^ if the teeth are themselves serrate. Dentate (toothed), the teeth sharp with concave edges but * not pointing in any particular direction. Denticulate^ finely dentate. Duplicate^ or bi-dentate^ when the teeth are themselves dentate. Crenate^ the teeth rounded off with convex edges. Crenulate^ finely crenate. Bi~crenate, when the teeth are themselves crenate. -• Sinuatedy when the margin presents alternate deep con- cavities and convexities. Undulated (wavy), when the margin is slightly sinuous and wavy. * Crisped^ or Curled^ when very irregular, being twisted and curled (as in the endive). Incised, when the margin is more deeply divided than by the above gi\en indentations. ^ Of incisions also there are many kinds as, Fissure, when the incision reaches to about' midway between the margin and the midrib or mesial line. —fid, the term for a fissure when used in combination. Thus a blade is Bi, tri, or multi,— fid, according to the number of fissures. Lobes, the division of the blade between 2 fissures. Partition, when the incision reaches nearly to the base or midrib of the lamina. — partite, the above used in combination, thus a lamina is Bi, tri, &*c., —partite, according to the number of ^'partitions. Segments, when the divisions . reach quite down to the base or midrib. Dissected, the lamina when divided by segments. — sected, the above when used in composition, thus the lamina is 13 • ‘Tub CfecHibs OF Burma. 3u accordtftg to the number of segments, if the inbistons ^re arranged featherwise the lamina, is said to be Pinati^ —partite^ — secUd^ according to their depth. If the divisions are themselves divided in a similar manner to the lamina itself it is said to be Bipinati^ -^Jid^ —partite^ — sected ; and If the sub-divisions of these are again divided in a similar manner 'the lamina is Tripinatiy —fidy —pariitey — sected, Laciniated (slashed), or decomposedy if the lamina is still further divided. Pectinate (comb-shaped), when the divisions are close and harrow like the teeth of a comb. Lyrate (lyre-shaped), when the terminal lobe is large and rounded, and the lateral lobes also more or less rounded and becoming gradually smaller towards the base. Runcinatey when the terminal lobe is triangular, and the other lobes of more or less the same shape having their points directed towards the base of the lamina. Panduri/orm (fiddle-shaped), a lyrate lamina with but one deep recess on each side. InvotutCy the margin rolled inwards towards the base. ConvolutCy the margin rolled up towards the central line or midrib. RevolutCy the margin rolled outwards toward the base. Yerms which refer to the surface of the lamina. CarinatCy keeled. GlabrouSy entirely destitute of hairs. HirsutCy covered with moderately stiff and long hairs. Tomentoscy covered with a not very thick coat of rather fine hairs, very dense and interwoven. Villousy covered with long thick soft white hairs. Lametlatey havings thin plates. Pubescenty covered with short thick soft hairs. Occellatedy spotted. ClavatCy club-shaped. UrceolatCy pitcher-shap)ed. *4 The Orchids of Burma. Papillose^ covered with knobbed or bladder-formed processes. Reticitlated^ net veined. Terms referring to the texture of the lamella. Coriaceous^ leathery. Glumaceous^ dry, scarious. Herbaceous^ thin, flaccid. Other common terms. Glaucous^ of a whitish dusty green or blue colour. Adnate^ attached by the back. Axily of a leaf, the angle which its upper surface makes with the stem. Braci^ a covering leaf in the axil of which the flower is placed. Collateral^ side by side. Connate^ when 2 leaves, petals, &c., have become completely united in growth, Cucullate, hooded. DeciduouSy a plant whose leaves fall off at certain seasons. Distichous^ leaves alternate on opposite sides of the stem. Epiphyte^ growing on other plants. Equitant^ set edgewise. Fimbriate^ fringed. Fusiform^ spindle-shaped. Imbricated^ overlapping. Incumbent^ back to back. Inflorescence^ the flower group. A/entum, the prolongation of the column forwards into a “ chin.'* Spur, its prolongation backwards. JVbde, that part of the stem from which a leaf springs. Opercular, lid-like. Pedicels, the separate stalks of the individual flowers. Peduncle, the common stalk of the inflorescence. Perianth, the flower envelope, /. e,, the parts surrounding the anther. Petiole, leaf-stalk. Pollinia, the pollen-masses. Pseudobulb, false bulb, really leaf bearing stems. The Orchids of Burma. 15 Racetne^ the peduncle bearing a number of flovrers on separ- ate stalks, Rachis^ the axis of the inflorescence. Rhizome^ root-stock. Scape, a leafless flower stalk. Sepals, the 3 outer segments of the perianth. Petals, strictly the 3 inner segments of the perianth, usually however confined to the 2 upper, the lower one being call- ed the lip and being usually distinct in form. Sessile, without a petiole, stalk, &c. Setce, bristles. St rice, fine lines. Tetragonal, 4-sided. Turbinate, resembling a top or pear. Uncinate, hooked. Versatile, easily moved. 3 i6 The Orchids of Burma. A. ANTHER ONE ONLY. I. Pollen-masses \\axy. Tribe I. MALAXIDE^. Pollen-masses free, without any caudicle or other connecting substance. MIOBOSTYLIS Nutt. Small terrestrial orchids with plicate wavy leaves, the sheathing bases of which combine to form a kind of false stem. Roots fibrous attaching themselves to half decayed leaves and other loose vegetable matter. Flowers small and inconspicuous, seated on a terminal erect stalk or rachis, commonly resupinate inverted in position). Pollen- masses 4, collateral (side by side). Parish. M. biloba, see M, Wallichii^ Van biloha. 1. M. Congesta, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 206. l.eavcs 3 — 6 lanceolate, bracts shorter than the very short pedicels, flowers minute, lip subquadrately ovate concave with a fold under the column and a 3-lobed apex. Burma; The Andaman Islands. Hook. f. Stem 2 — 6 in., stout. Base tuberous. Leaves 3 — 10 in., sessile or petioled, ovate elliptic or lanceolate. Scafe with raceme 2 — 8in., stout or slender ; pedicel in. ; ovary trigonous and grooved ; flowers yi — in., yellow-green to pale brown or purplish. Capsules crowded, erect. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 690. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 334. Syn. — M. Bernaysii^ F. Muell. Fragment xi 21. M. fusca Rchb. f. 1 . c. 207. M. trilohulata^ Kurz. Andam. Rep. App. B. xix. ; N. E. Br. in Card. Chron. 1883, 392. M. flavescens^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 20 ; Ridley 1 , c. 337 ; C. P. 364. M. fusca. Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 207; Dienia congesta^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1936; Gen. and Sp. 22 ; in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 825 ; Rchb. f. in Bonpland, iii. 259. D.fusca^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 1 . c. Malaxis latifolia^ Smith in Rees Cyclop, M. plicata Roxb. FI. Ind. lii. 456. Crepidium flavescens^ Blume Bijdr 388. Neottia plantaginea^ Don. Prodr. 26, fid. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 458. THE Orchids of Burma. 2 . M. Purpurea. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 20. A fine species with broadly ovate leaves 4 — 5 in. long and 2 in. or more broad, very much undulated, the upper surface of the leaves of a dark metallic crimson, the under surface and petioles pale reddish^ metallic grey. Flowers yellowish purple. “ Williams^ Burma ; Parish, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 340 ; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 687 (not given as Burmese) ; C. P. 356. 3 . U. Polyodon. Hook. f. Ic. Plant, t. 2002. Leaves 5 petioled elliptic, scape stout, bracts minute, auricles of lip broad erect, blade rounded or subquadrate pectinately toothed, column short, arms spreading. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Stem short, stout, base tuberous. Leaves 3—5 in., exclusive of the broad petiole. Scape 4 in. ; raceme 6 in., many fid ; pedicels in. Flmvers yellow, about Yi in. across the sepals \ disk of lip with a raised 3-lobed callus surrounding the central pit. Hook, f, in FI. Brit. Ind. V. 688, Syn— A/. Rheedii, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 138? (not of Wight, Lindl. or Willdonow)- C. P. 215. 4 . M. Scottii. Hook. f. Ic. Plant, t. 2001. Leaves 2 — 5 sessile obliquely ovate acuminate crenate blackish brown with a broad pale dotted border. Scape elongate red, bracts redexed, lateral sepals broadly oblong half the length of the linear-oblong dorsal and petals, lip green rhomboidly orbicular, auricles erect obtuse as long as the broad rounded blade which has a contracted , 2 -fid apex. Pegu; at Rangoon, Scott, Leaves, 3 — 4 in., falcate, 5 — 7 nerved from the base, most remarkable for their colouring. Scape 6 — 8 in. Lip Yz in. long and broad, A beau- tifully coloured species, which I have named after the late Mr. John Scott of the Calcutta Botanical. Garden, who discovered it at Rangoon. * It is eminently worth cultivating. Described from a drawing in Herb. Calcutt. Hook,/, FI. of Brit. Ind. v. 687. i8 The Orchids of Burma. 6. M. Wallichii. Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1938. Gen. and Sp. Orch. p. 20. C. P. 11$. Leaves 2—4, bracts spreading shorter than the ovary, auricles of the lip acute or obtuse, blade with a rounded notched or bifid tip. Andaman Islands, JiCurz, Stem 2 — 3 in. Leaves 3 — 5 in., sessile or petioled, ovate,-lanceolatc often discoloured. Scape 3 — 8 in. Flawets about ^in. long, greenish purplish or yellowish ; sepals oblong, dorsal i — 3-nervcd, lateral 3 — 5- nerved ; petals 3-nerved ; auricles of lip very variable. The Andaman specimen has an acute lip. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv 337. Syn . — Malaxis acuminata^ Don, Prodr. 29 (note in Herb. Wall.) A very variable plant if, as I think the following are varieties Hook.f in. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 636. Var. biloda ; bracts usually longer, pedicels shorter, blade of lip contracted below the level of the column, tip bifid, arms of column larger. Svn.— J/. bilobuy Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1940; Gen. and Sp. 20; C. P. ns ; Ridley 1 . c. 337. Var. brachycheila \ Leaves lanceolate, auricles acute, blade very short with a forcipate tip. Moulmein, Parish, Var. omphaloidesy Leaves more unequal at the base, auricles of lip rounded and overlapping, Ridiey 1. c. 338.— Moulmein, Parish, KEY TO SPECIES. Microstylis, ♦ Nutt Terrestrial or epiphytic, pseudobulbous or not. Leaves i or more, continuous with their sheath. Flaivers small, in terminal racemes, •resupinate. Sepals spreading or recurved. Petals as long slender. Lip See Appendix A. Genus 2, The Orchids of Burma. 19 to the foot of the column, usually flat, sides often produced up- wards beyond the column as broad or long auricles. Column very short, with short spreadmg arms, auther sub-terminal, pollinia 4. * Sides of the lip produced upwards into large auricles- t Apex of the lip entire or notched^ not serrate or pubescent No. 2 ; M. purpurea \ No. 4 ; M. Scottii ; No. 5 ; M, Wallichit ft Blade of lip toothed or pectinate. No. 3 ; M, Polyodon. ** Sides of the lip not produced upwards into auricles, t Idp quite entire^ or bearded at the tip only. No Burman species, tt Lip 2 -y-lobed or cleft No. I ; M. Congesta. ttt Lip Crenulaie^ toothed or pectinate. No Burman species. LIPARIS, L. C. Richard. Also inconspicuous plants, in general appearance resembling those of the preceding genus, but differing in the structure of the flowers. Pollen-masses 4, collateral. — C. Parish. 1 . L. bis-Striata. Par. and Rchb. f. in. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. |PSS ; C. P. 80. Pseudobulbs elongate, leaves 2, 2 — 4 in. elliptic-oblong or-lanceolate, scape longer than the leaves bracteate stout margined or winged, bracts lanceolate equalling the ovary, sepals oblong-lanceolate obtuse, sides revolute, lip recurved panduriform 5-nerved, tip dilated broadly truncate, calli O, column slender incurved, wings usually hooked. Tenasserim, Parish. Pseudobulbs stem-like, 4 — 6 in., cylindric. 20 The Orchids of Burma. Leaves ^ in. broad, obtuse or apiculate, many nerved, coriaceous, base narrowed. Scape 4—6 in., bracts % in. ; flowers yellowish ; lip un- dulate, sides with obscure rounded lobes, base auricled ; side nerves branching. Ilook^/. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 702. Ridley 1 . c. 288 ; Hook. f. Ic. PI. t. 1858. 2 . L. Oondylobtdbpn. Rchb. f. in Hamb. Gartenzeit. 1882 (? 1862), 34; C. P. 71- Leaves 2 — 8 in. linear-oblong, scape short, raceme dense-fld., flowers, minute very shortly pedi celled, bracts as long as the short pedicels, sepals obtuse i-nerved, lateral revolute, lip recurved oblong with an entire rounded tip fleshy nerveless, calli O, column slender, wings small. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulb i — 2 in., narrow. Leaves i in. broad, 7-nerved. Scape with raceme 6 in. Much resembling Z. Gladiata {non Burman\ and with flowers yellowish when dry of the same size, but the bracts are longer, slender and membranous, and the lip is very different. The above is from Reichenbach. Ridley makes it a synonym of the Javan Z. parvi- flora^ but it differs in ioto from the description he gives of that species. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 704. Syn. — Z. parvi/ora, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 296. 3 . L. disticha. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 882. Leaf solitary 5—10 in. coriaceous linear, scape naked, sepals oblong- ovate acute 3-nerved, lip recurved, lateral lobes rounded and inflexgd at the base, midlobe orbicular-ovate obtuse, column very short erect dor- sally compressed with very broad coriaceous wings dilating downwards. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Roststock slender, creeping ; pseudobulbs distant, Yi — ^ in., pyri- form. Leaves Yi — Y in. broad, accuminate. Scape usually shorter than the leaves, stout, margined or winged ; raceme Y — 2 in., rachis flattened ; bracts yi — Y > flowers Y in., ochreous yellow. Lip fleshy, with a large basal callus. Capsule Y pedicelled. Hook f, in FI Brit. Ind. v. 706. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 292 ; Miquel FI. Ind. Bot. iii. 623. The Orchids of Burma. 21 Syn.— Z. gregaria^ Lindl. Gen and Sp. 33 ; Thwaites Enum. 296 ; C. P. 332. Z. mucronata^ Lindl. 1 . c. 32. Malaxis disticha^ Thouars Orchid. Isles Austr. d’Afrique. t. 89. Malaxis mucronata^ Blume Bijdr. 391 ; Moon Cat, 467. 4. L. Jovis-pluvii. Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 155 (? 154); C. P. 323. Stem short, leaves 2 — 4 sessile or petioled ovate to lanceolate acu- minate, bracts lanceolate, ref^exed after flowering, flowers very small, sepals obtuse, lateral short falcately oblong obtuse 5-nerved, dorsal much longer lanceolate 3-nerved, lip recurved reniform crenulate base 2- tubercled, column incurved, wings short rather broad uncinate. Tenasserim ; at Moulnaein, Lobb^ Parish, Stem short, thickened, but hardly pseudobulbous below. Leaves 3 — 5 in., very membranous, 5-nerved, petiole broad if present. Scape 6—8 in., slender ; bracts slender, Yz in., and less ; flowers about Y — % in. diam, ; lip variable in breadth, narrowed into a very short 2-auricled claw. Capsule clavate. — Flowers in the rainy season, whence the name. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 697. 6. L. lacerata. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 284. Pseudobulbs ovoid, leaves 2, 8 — 10 in., narrowly oblanceolate acuminate, scape slender laxly many-fld., bracts lanceolate shorter than the ovary, sepals straight, sides recurved, lip recurved from the broad base, -then straight oblong 7-nerved, tip with 2 lacerate lobes, column slender incurved, wings small rounded. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith, Pseudobulbs i in., oblong or ovoid. Leaves Yi — in., broad. Scape with the raceme 9 — 10 in. ; pedicels Y — j flowers in, across, light pink ; lip red, contracted below the rounded shoulders. Hook, f. in FI. Brit. Ind, v. 702. 6. L. lonfi^pes. Lindl. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 31. t. 35 ; Cat. 1943 (in part); Gen., and Sp.^40. Leaves 2 linear obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, scape many-fld., bracts small lanceolate acuminate, flowers very many small white, sepals 22 The Orchids of Burma. obtuse at length rcvolute i-nerved, lip recurved yellow broadly ovate subacute rather fleshy, calli O, column incurved wings rounded. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. B, G, Pseudobulbs short and ovoid, or long sometimes 6 in. and cylind- ric. Leaves 4- -12 by ij 4 — in., obtuse, acute or acuminate, 5 — 7- nerved. Scape and raceme 6 — 10 in., with a few bracts below tlie flowers, slenden Variable in habit and foliage, but constant in inflorescence and flowers. The sepals are not acute as sometimes described. The form with short pseudobulbs (Z. Spathulaid) occurs every- where with the long-pseudobulbed, and intermediates abound. Hook /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 703. Parish gives both Z. longipes and spaiulata as distinct species, with references in the former case to Wallich. PI. As. Rar. 35 ; Wights Icon, t. 906 ; Benth. in FI. Hongk. 352 ; C. P. 318 ; and in the latter to Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 189 ; Griff. 772 ; C. P. loi. B, G> Ridley in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. xxii. 293 (Excl. Syn. Z. Elegans^ Lindl.) ; Wight. Ic. t. 906 \ Thwaites Enum. 295 ; Benth. in FI. Hongk. 352 J C. P. 318. Syn. — L, pendultty Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 180; Regel. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1868, 79. Z. spathulata^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1482. ? Z. nesophila Rchb. f, 9. Ot. Hamb i. 56. ?Z. BoothiU Regel Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1864, Suppl. 14. 7 . L. luteola, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1944 ; Gen., and Sp. 32. , Leaves 2, 2 — 4 in., erect narrowly oblanceolate coriaceous, midrib stout, scape exceeding the leaves few-fld., bracts lanceolate, pedicels long, sepals subfalcate lanceolate subacute, margins revolute, lip recurv- ed cuneate truncate apiculate, base auricled, calli 2 minute, column slender curved, wings obscure. Upper Burma, Griffith, Tenasseriin ; at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulbs densely tufted, very small, depressed globose. Leaves in., broad. Scape 2 — 4 in. ; bracts in., green ; pedicels — Ji, in. ; flowers X i*'- Hook,f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 704-5. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 289; Griffith Notul. iii. 277 ; C. p. 155. The Orchids of Burma. 23 8. L. oliyacea, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1942 ; Gen. and Sp. 27. Leaves 2 opposite sessile lanceolate acuminate plicate, bracts lin- ear-lanceolate deflexed, sepals linear-oblong obtuse s-nerved, lip flat orbicular subcrenulate, call! 2-tubercled, column rather stout slightly curved, wings very narrow. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. Pseudobulb small, pyriform ; stem i in. sheathed. Leaves 2 ^ 4 — 3 in., spreading, 5-nerved. Scape 3 — 5 in. stout ; pedicels about yi in. \ lip ^ in. diam. suddenly contracted into a very short narrow neck, veined. I have seen only Wallich’s 3 specimens. Hook f in FI. Brit. Ind. V. 694. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 263 ; Wights Icon. t. 903 ; C. P. 367- 9 . L. pachypus, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 15s 1 C. P. 233. Pseudobulb large fleshy ovoid, leaf 1^ — in. sessile oblanceolate acuminate, scape short bracteate, bracts lanceolate shorter than the pedicels, sepals narrow obtuse straight, margins recurved, lip recurved cuneate, tip broad truncate retuse crenulate, nerves 5 outer branching, call! obscure, column slender, wings obscure. Tenasserim \ at Moulmein, Parish. Pseudobulbs tufted, ovoid, i in. or more long and as broad. Leaf yi in. diam. sessile, thin, midrib slender, nerves obscure. Scape few- fid. ; bracts ^ in. and less \ flowers about ^ in. across, yellow ? Hook f. in F.l. Brit. Ind. v. 700. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 288. 10 . L. Paradoza, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 218. Leaves i — 5 sessile erect alternate sheathing lanceolate acuminate, nerves strong, scape stout angular, bracts spreading ovate not reflexed after flowering lanceolate, flowers coriaceous, sepals short obtuse 5- nerved, lateral falcately oblong spreading and recurved, dorsal longer narrower, lip recurved cuneately obovate or obcordate, base 2-tubercled column incurved, wings narrow. The type is not given as Burmese by Hooker. 4 u IThe Orchids of Burma. Very variable in habit, 6 — i8in. high ; stem tufted, base sometimes pseudobulbous. Leaves 2 t -8 in. rarely elliptic-lanceolate and narrowed into a broad petiole, membranous or subcoriaceous. Scape 4 — 10 in., naked or nearly so, rigid ; bracts variable in length, in. and longer, not redexed ; pedicels usually short and stout ; flowers about ^ in, across, yellow-brown \ ribs of ovary wrinkled. Lip variable in breadth sides erect. Capsules clavate. — I follow Ridley in accepting the name of paradoxa for this plant though as he points out, Z, odorata is the oldest. The latter name is, as Thwaites states, inapplicable. Hook /, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 698, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 261 ; C. P. 316. Syn. — Z. odorata Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 26 ; Thwaites Enum. 295. Empusa paradoxa^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1937 A in part ; Bot. Reg. sub. t. 825 ; Gen. and Sp. 17 ; Miquel Prolus FI. Jap, 135 ; Thwaites. Enum 426. Empusaria Sp. Rchb. f. Conspect. 69. Malaxis lancifolia Smith in Rees Cyclop. M. Odorata Willd. — Rheede Hort. Mai. xii t. 28, This has pure yellow flowers. There is another form found at Singapore with the above having the sepals and petals deep blackish- purple, and the lip green with a purple centre, this is the Z. nervosa^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 24 ; Benth. FI. Hongk. vi. 352 ; Franch. et Sav. Enum. FI. Jap. ii. 21 ; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 262. Syn. — Ophrys nervosa Thunb. FI. Jap. 27 ; Ic. PI. Jap. t. 10. Malaxis nervosa^ Swartz in Act Holm 1800, 235. Sturmia nervosa^ Rchb. f. in Bonpland iii. 250. See FI. Brit Ind. vi. 182. Var. Parishiu See Z. Parishiu Parish gives in addition to L. paradoxa as above L. paradoxa^ Rchb. f. B. Var, Ptavida^ Par. and Rchb. f. ; C P. 316 and 317, which may be perhaps Z. nervosa but is more probably the following. B. G. 11. L. Paiishii, Hook / FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 182 supplt. Leaves 2 — 3 narrowed to the base or broadly petioled lanceolate acuminate, flowers * fleshy, bracts small ovate acuminate, sepals oblong The Orchids of Burma. 25 obtuse 5-nerved, lip recurved obovate retuse, base with 2 teeth, sides flat, column suberect not winged. Tenasserim ; Loidt Parish. Upper Burma, Herb. Calcutt. Leaves 2—3 in. Scape 6—8 in., naked, few-fld. ; , bracts li in. ; pedicels yi in. ; ribs of ovary not wrinkled ; flowers yi in. diam. ; sepals spreading, doipl longest ; petals deflexed, margins revolute j lip thick, minutely erose beyond the mfddle; basal teeth united by a curved ridge, nerves faint subconcentric. Very near Z. paradoxa but pedicels longer, bracts smaller and sides of lip not erect — Hook / Syn. — L. paradoxa, Parishii, Hook.f 1 . c. Sqq L. paradoxa^ Flowers yellow } B. G. 12. L. Stenoglossa, Par., and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. IS4 ; C. P. 154. Leaves 3— 4 subradical petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, scape slender lax-fid., bracts very long spreading lanceolate nearly as long as the ovary, sepals 5-nervcd subacute, lateral spreading oblong-ovate, dorsal longer narrower, lip short reflexed cuneately obovate shortly broadly 2-lobed constricted above the middle, base 2-auricled and 2- tubercled, column incurved, wings very narrow. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Stems very short, tufted, base slightly swollen. Leaves 3 — 4 in., narrowed into a petiole \yi in., or shorter. Scape slender, 5 — 6 in., bracts in. ; flowers about as much across. Lip with a broad acute sinus at the broad tip. Hook f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 697. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc, xxii. 279. 13. L. Orossa, Reichb. f. in Gard.Chron. 1883, i. no; pseudobulbs short stout pyriform 2-leaved, leaves broadly ligulate obtuse tip unequal, raceme many-fld., rachis depressed, base with an acute compressed foliaceous sheath, and many scarious sheaths above, flowers yellow brown, bracts linear-cuspidate hardly equalling the pedicelled ovary, sepals ligulate acute, lip ligulate, base mirfutely obtusely auricled abruptly constricted in the middle, apex divergently 2-lobed, side lobes quadrate denticulate on the outer margin, basal calli obscure. Ridley in Journ, %inp. Soc. xxii, 288. Burma, H Loiv. Allied to Z. 26 The Orchids of Burma. pachypus^ but much larger with a very different lip. Description from Rchb.f L c, I have seen no specimens. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. vol. V. p. 707. (Among doubtful species). KEY TO SPECIES. LIPARIS, Richard.* Terrestrial or Epiphytic ; pseudobulbous or not. Leaves i or more, membranous and continuous with their sheath, or thicker and jointed on the sheath or pseudobulb. Flowers small, in terminal race- mes, resupinate. Sepals spreading, recurved or revolute, margins often revolute. Petals as long, very slender. Lip adnate to the base of the column, usually broad, deflexed from a very short base, or recur- ved. Column long, incurved margined or winged towards the tip, an- ther terminal, pollinia 4. Section I. MoLUFOLiiE. * Lip broad, abruptly deflexed from very base, flat or with deflexed sides. Sepals narrow and petals with recurved or revolute margins ; lateral sepals usually placed under the lip. t Leaf solitary. No Burman species. t t Leaves 2, rarely j. No. 8 \ L. Olivacea. * * Lip usually broad deflexed or recurved. Lateral sepal- spreading. t Bracts very smally short. (See also L. Paradoxa and brachyglottis). No Burman species. tt Bracts lanceolate. (Shorter in L. paradoxa and brachyglottis). No. 4; L. Jovis-Pluvii ; No. 10; L. Paradoxa \ No. 11; Z. Parishiu No. 12 ; Z. Stenoglossa. Section II. CoRiiFOUiic. * Leaf usually solitary on the pseudobulb. Li|) as long as the lateral sepals or nearly so (when spread out). t Sepals 3 -nerved. * See Appendix A. Genus 3. The Orchids of Burma. 27 No. 9; L.pachypus. t t Sepals i-nerved. No Burman species. * * Leaves 2 or more rarely solitary on the pseudobulb or stem. Lip as long as the lateral sepals or nearly so (when spread outj. t Sepals g-nerved. No. I ; Z. bistriata ; No. 5 ; Z. lacerata. t t Sepals i-nerved. No. 2 ; Z. condylobulbon ; No. 6 ; Z. longt'pes ; No. 7, Z. luteola * * * Lip minute much shorter than the sepals quadrate. Sepals straight or lateral subfalcate, margins revolute. A peculiar group of small species. No Burman species. Section III. DiSTiCHiE. No. 3 ; Z. disticha. MALAXIS. Swartz, (Oberonia of Lindley). All the plants known to me (/. e, Burtnan) as belonging to this genus (Malaxis) come under the head of Oberonia, which Lindley constituted a distinct genus ; but Reichenbach (whom I generally fol- low) unites Oberonia with Malaxis, The following short description is only applicable to Oberonia^---^ Small stemless epiphytes, pendulous from trees, to which they are attached by fibrous roots. They are readily distinguished by their generally flat (somewhat rounded in O, Myosurus) fleshy distichous (two ranked) equitant (set edgewise), leaves which are broad and self clasping at their base, and taper to a point. The flowers are minute, and seated on a rachis, which proceeds from the axis of the leaves, and somewhat resembles a rat^s tail. Size from 3 — 6 in. or even a foot. Pollen-masses 4, incumbent (back to back). C, Parish, J have retained the generic name Oberoina^ in this work. B, G, 2 S The Orchids of Burma. 1 . Oberoniaanceps, Lindl. Sert. Orchid, under t. 8 ; Fol. Orch. 6. Leaves ovate-oblong tip rounded, spike stout subsessile dense-dd., bracts short broad erose, petals small broad, lip truncate tip crenulate . Tenasserim, Parish. Stems 12— 1 8 in., stout, tufted, in. across the leaves. Leaves suberect, subincurved. Spike 2 — 3 in. ; flowers about in. Capsule. sessile, globose. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 685. SvN. — O. imhricata. Wight Ic. t. 1629 (not of Blum'e.) O. Griffithii, Wight Ic. v. 4. Malaxis anceps^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 214 ; C. P. 256. 2. 0. anthropophora, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1951 ; Gen. and Sp. 16 ; Fol. Orchid. Oberon. 7. Leaves narrowly linear, scape short sparsely bracteate, flowers very minute subwhorled, bracts ovate erose, petals linear, side lobes of lip rather broad decurved, midlobe elongate ending in two parallel tails. Tenasserim ; Wallich* Stem 2 in. Leaves ^ — 2 by ^ in. Scape with raceme 6 in. ; flowers about ^ in. ; dorsal sepal small oblong, lateral much larger.— The specimens are very few. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 684. SvN. — Malaxis anthropophora \ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 215; C. P. 58. 3 . 0. brachystachys ; Lindl. Sert. Orchid, (under t. 8) \ Fol. Orchid. Oberon 4. Leaves short oblong obtuse thin, scape very short, raceme about equalling the leaves, bracts lanceolate, flowers whorled shortly pedicelled, petals broad erose, lip very short crenulate, lateral lobes large rounded terminal short truncate. Tenasserim \ at Mergui, Griffith. Leaves i — 2 by in. Raceme flexuous or decurved, rachis slender ; lower bracts longer than the flowers, which are about ^ in. Fruit pedicelled. Hook.f. in FI. Brit Ind. VV677. ?iS[R.^Malaxis brachystcuhys Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, an ; C. P. 257. ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orchid, {fide ejusdem). The Orchids of Burma. * 29 4 . 0 . Branoniana, Wight. Ic. 1. 1622. Leaves linear-oblong very coriaceous, scape much flattened and adnate to the upper leaf, spike erect, rachis very stout, bracts lanceolate erose, flowers sessile densely imbricate, petals narrow, lip orbicular with a short terminal auricle. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. B, G. Stem rather elongate. Leaves 6 — 14 by 5^ — i in., succulent. Scape 2—8 in. ; adnate leaf i — 4 in., variable in position. Spike 4 — 6 in., like a rat's tail ; flowers ^ in. ; lip dirty yellow, with an orbicular concave disk ; terminal auricles variable. Some of Wight’s specimens have much longer, narrower and more acuminate leaves than those figured in his leones. Book./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 681. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. Oberon. 2. Syn. — Malaxis Brunoniana^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 209 ; C. P. 287. 5 . 0 . ensiformis, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. Oberon. 4. Leaves very long coriaceous ensiform acuminate, scape subterete naked, spike dense-fld., bracts sheathing the flowers erose, petals broad erose, lateral lobes of erose lip broad rounded, midlobe obcordate. Not given as Burmese by Hooker, f. B. G. Leaves 10 — 18 by }4 — ^ in., narrowed to the \x^,Bacemes shorter than the leaves, nearly straight or curved ; bracts tubular with trun- cate tips, perianth alone exserted, membranous; flowers about orange-yellow ; lip hardly longer than the sepals. Hook,f in FI. Brit Ind. V. 679. Syn. — O, irilobata^ Gx\^, Notul. iii. 273. O, acaulis Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5056 (not of Griff.). Malaxis ensiformis^ Smith in Rees Ency- clop. ; Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi 212 (excl. Syn.) ; C. P. 288. 6. 0 . ferruginea. Parish MSS. Leaves long, coriaceous narrowly ensiform falcate acuminate, scape short stout terete naked, spike shorter than the leaves, bracts broadly ovate subacute sheathing the subsessile flowers, petals linear-oblong fimbriate, lip short fimbriate, side lobes narrow short ascending, mid- lobe obcordate lobules rounded crenate sinus acute. Tenasserim ; at Maulmein, Parish, 30 The Orchids of Burma. Leaves 6 — lo by ^ in. Scape with raceme 4 — 5 in., bracts membranous ; flowers about in., perianth alone exserted ; lip cover- ed with large dots, side lobes acute or obtuse. Hook,f, in FI. Brit. Ind. V. 679. 7. 0. Grifflthiana. Lindl. Sert. Orchid, t. 8 B ; Fol. Orchid. Obcron. No. 44. Stem elongate, leaves linear, scape slender naked, spike very slender, flowers very minute pedicelled more or less whorled, bracts lanceolate subentire, petals narrow linear, lip short 3-lobed, lobes sub- equal lacerate. Pegu, McLelland^ Kurz. Martaban and Tenasserim. Griffith^ Parish, Stem, — 3 in. (plant sometimes acaulescent.) Leaves, i — 2 by ^ ^ in., acute or obtuse, straight or falcate. S€ape and Spike together 2 — 3 in., decurved; flowers pedicelled, purplish brown, about in., sometimes in separate whorls ; lip about equalling the sepals, midlobe irregularly lacerate or more or less 2-lobed. Hook /- in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 676. Syn. — 0 , Cimicina, Griff. Notul. iii. 275 \ Lindl. Fol. Orchid. Oberon. i. Malaxis Grifflthiana and Cimicina, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 208, 2 i 6 j C. P. 59 i 315- 8. 0. Helferi, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, t. 1785 A. Leaves small membranous ensiform acuminate, scape filiform nak- ed, raceme about as long as the leaves Aliform, bracts lanceolate, petals oblong obtuse, lip twice as long as the sepals linear-oblong with narrow lateral lobes and linear midlobe cleft to the base into 2 narrow parallel acute arms. Tenasserim, Heifer, Leaves Yz — i in., translucent when dry. Scape with raceme i — 2 in., erect or curved ; flowers very membranous, loosely clustered, very pale, about in. long. The narrow lateral lobes of the lip extend about half-way down, and end in an obtuse tooth. A very delicate species. Hook f in. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 679. The Orchids of Burma. 9. 0. Iridifolia, LindL Gen. and Sp. 15 ; Fol.. Orchid. Oberon. j. Stem short, leaves 3 —5 in. broadly ensiform, spike long, slender' decurved, flowers not whorled sessile, bracts broad erose convolute sheathing the ovary, petals oblong erose, lip more 6r less quadrate deeply toothed tip broadly 2-fid. Tenasserim, Griffith^ Parish, Very variable if, as I think probable, the following forms are cor- rectly referred to it. The perianth alone is exposed from the broad sheathing scarious bract as in O, ensiformis and others. The rachis is stout or slender, the capsule sessile. There is such a mixture of specimens in a very bad state under Wallich No. 1948 that a reference to them is of no use. O. iridifolia proper \ leaves 6 — 10 by i in., lip broader than long quadrate glabrous or pubescent. — Tenasserim. Wall. Cat. 1948-2 (in part). Not the iridifolia of Bot. Mag. t. 4517, which is O, tahitensis, Syn. — Malaxis iridifolia, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann, vi. 208 ;C. P. 290. Var. brevifolia \ leaves 2 — 4 by — 5^ in. falcate, scape and spike shorter, lip triangular glabrous tip broadly bifid. Moulmein \ Griffith, Parish, Syn. — O, flexuosa. Parish MSS. Hook f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 675 and vi. 180. 10. 0. maxima, Parish MSS. Leaves very long and broad, scape very stout, flowers sessile most densely imbricate round a thick straight rachis, bracts broad obtuse erose sheathing the subsessile ovary, petals short broad quite entire, lip orbicular creriulate, disk thickened. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, This and O, ensiformis are the largest leaved species and this has the stoutest scapes, 3 — 4 by ^ in., and thickest spikes, which are 4 — 6 in. long. The flowers are appressed to the spike with very short ovaries. Leaves 12 by in., nearly straight. Hook,f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 677. 11. 0. myOBUrus, Lindl. in Wall. Cat, 1947 ; Gen. and Sp. i 5 ; Fol. Orchid. Oberon. 8. 5 32 The Orchids of Burma. Leaves 3—4 by % in. diam. linear terete curved, scape very short stout bractiate, spike very short dense-fld., bracts lanceolate denticulate, petals narrow linear, lateral lobes of lip rounded sinuate toothed, mid* lobe oblong-quadrate with toothed sides and 2 curved ascending spurs from each side of the truncate or retuse tip. Moulmein, ParUlu A very singular plant. The leaves are described by Parish as papillose ; the short stout scape is densely clothed with subulate bracts ; the spike in the only specimen seen is less than in. long, with crowded pale minute shortly pedicelled flowers which are shorter than the bracts. Hooh .f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 685. Hook. f. in Ic. Plant, t. 1786 B. Syn. — Malaxis myosurus^ Walp. Ann. vi. 216 ; C. P. 300. Epidendrum myosurus^ Forst. Prodr. No. 317. Dendrobium myosurus^ Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 82. 12. 0. rufllabris, Lindl. Sert. Orchid, t. 8A; Fol. Orchid. Oberon. 5. Leaves small narrowly oblong thin, scape short with many setaceous spreading bracts and rachis filiform, spike very slender flowers mrnute very shortly pedicelled in dense separate whorls, bracts setaceous, petals linear-oblong, lip longer than the sepals oblong with filiform lateral lobes close to the narrow base and 2 parallel short terminal lobes w^ith recurved acute tips and a broad lobule in the sinus. Burma, Berkeley ; at Moulmein, Griffith, Leaves i — in., acute or obtuse. Scape and raceme together I — 2 in.; flowers Yi — in. ; lip red-brown; column with 2 subulate teeth. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 683. SvN. — Malaxis rufllabris^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 213. C. P. 252, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orchid ( Jide Ejusdem ). KEY TO SPECIES. Oberonia,* Lindley, Tufted epiphytes. Leaves distichous, equitant ensiform (very rarely terete). Flowers very minute in dense subcylindric spikes or See Appendix A. Genus. I. The Orchids of Burma. 33 racemes. Sepals broadly ovate or oblong, subequal. PeteUs smaller Lip Sessile, concave, entire or 2 — 4-lobed. Column very short anther terminal, mcumbent ; pollinia 4, waxy, cohering by a viscus. The flowers are generally 2 to each bract, which is lanceolate and free or broader and more or less convolute, sometimes very broad and forming a tube round both flowers ; the upper flower has often a sheathing obtuse bracteolc. — The genus wants a careful study of living specimens. 1 am far from satisfied with the following delimitation of species, the specimens being in some cases quite insufficient fur a sure diagnosis. Sect. I. Oberonia, proper. * Side lobes or all the lobes of lip deeply toothed or laciniatc. No. 7, O, Griffithiana ; No. 9, O, iri difolia, * * Lip entire or 3-lobed, margins quite entire or erose, never pectinate. t Petals broad elliptic or ovate. rt. Lip quadrate or orbicular entire,^ or if lobed unih the midlobe very small and short. No. 3, O. brachystachys ; No. 10, O. maxima, b. Lip oblong or obcordate, longer than the sepals^ side lobes undeveloped or minute^ midlobe 2-fid, No. 8, O, Helferi, c. Lip deeply 3-lobed^ side lobes broad or long^ midlobe obcor- date or 2 fid. No. s, O, ensiformis ; No. 6, O. ferruginea, t t Petals linear. a. Lip orbicular or quadrate^ entire or obscurely lobed. No Burman Species. b. Lip ylobed^ side lobes large^ midlobe much smaller. No. 4, O, Brunoniania, c. Lip with no side lobes^ or very small or narrow ones^ mid- lobe large or long. No. 12, O, rufilabris, d. Lip with broad or long side lobes and a large midlobe, . fJo. 2, O. anthropophora. 34 The Orchids of Burma. Sect. II. SCYLLA. No Burman Species. Sect. III. Myosurus. No. II, O. Myosurus, Sect. IV. Caulescentes No. T, O, ancips. BULBOPHYLLUM. Thouars, A considerable genus of very uncertain limits, that is to say, it is made by some authorities to include several small groups of plants, which, in the opinion of others, should be separated from it ; and in- deed have been so separated and received distinct generic name s. 1 1 must suffice to say that Bulbophyllum as here defined, includes Trias and Cirrhopetalum of Lindley.* These all agree in the following cha- racters. They have a creeping rhizome or root-stock emitting rootlets from the under surface, on which rhizome are seated, at longer or shorter intervals, pseudobulbs (really leaf bearing stems), with a solitary leaf at their summit. Occasionally, however, no apparent pseudobulb is developed at the base of the leaf, which then sits with a short foot-stalk closely on to the rhizome. In some cases, again, the pseudobulbs are so crowded as completely to conceal the rhizome. The inflorescence is various, but always, whether consisting of solitary flowers, or dense or umbellate heads or racemes, supported on a longer or shorter scape or leafless stalk, which arises from the base of the pseudobulb and derives its nourishment from it. The flowers have their small labellum or lip versatile, that is, easily moved, in consequence of its very light attach- ment to the prolonged base of the column, which column has two horns or arms projecting from the top, one on each side of the anther. The flowers of this genus, though for the most part small, are often very beautiful and highly curious, from the varied forms which their different parts assume. These Genera have licen kept separate in this work. B, (7, The Orchids of Burma. 35 The pollen-masses are 4, in pairs, sometimes adhering but separ- able, sometimes connate, in which case one of each pair is very much smaller than the other. Parish, 1 . Bnlbophyllum Alicorne. Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 151 ; C. P. 260. Scape slender, top decurved, spike drooping short dense-fld., bracts minute, flowers fleshy compressed, sepals subequal oblong obtuse 3:nerved, petals ovate-oblong i-nerved, arms of column 3-branched. Tenasserim, Parish \ Burma, Berkeley, Rhizome with annular pits at the leaf insertion. Leaf 2 — 3 in., sessile, oblanceolate or subspathulate, obtuse, very thick. Scape 4 — s-in., sheaths small ; spike i— i in.; flowers Yz in. long ; ovary and column very short. Hook*f in. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 766. 2 . B. alopecurum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1880. ii. 70. Like B, trisie but larger, pseudobulb spherical, flowers shorter, sepals connate conchoid equal, petals and conchoid connate equal sepals nerveless. Burma. ( Hort, Low), Hook, f, ; in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 770, (among species excluded and unknown). 8. B. auricomum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1985 ; Gen. andSp. 50. This is the “ ta-zeen-ban ” of the Burmese. Pseudobulbs ovate I in. long. Flowers in a long pendulous raceme, small, white or golden-yellow, fragrant. When in flower the plant is leafless. Parish, Rangoon, Carey ; Tenasserim ; Tavoy, Wallich ; Moulmein. Parish, Rchb. f. ; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 152; C. P, 16. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 765. Syn. — B, foeniseciiy Par. and Rchb. f; in Bot. Zeit. 1865, 99. Dendrohium iripetaloides Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 479. 4 . B. calamaria, Bot. Mag. t. 4088; and Bot. Reg. 1843, p. 70, No. 109; C. P. 302. • Not given by Hooker in FI. Brit. Ind. ; compare B, peniciUiuniy infra^ B, G, 36 The Orchids of Burma. 6 . B. Gapillipes, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. ISO- 1. 37 ? (tab. 30 A) ; C. P. 301. Scape very short, pedicel very long slender pendulous, petals ovate obtuse 5-nerved rather shorter than the oblong dorsal sepal all much mailer than the broadly triangular ovate obtuse 9-nerved lateral sepals, lip very short pyramidal, basal angles acute. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Pseudohulbs i in., narrowly obpyriform. Leaf 3 — 4 in., subsessile linear, Pedicel 2 — 3 in. \ flowers ^ in. diam., yellow with red nerves ; lip violet-purple. Very like B. uniflomm in habit. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 755. 6. B. Careyanum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 732. This is a common orchid in the vicinity of Moulmein — F. M. Pseudobulbs rather large, ovate ; leaf long strap-shaped. Flowers in a dense cylindrical spike \ small greenish purple. A worthless plant. Parish Khasya Hills and Burma, Hook.f. Wall. Cat. 1990/1 ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 51 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 256 ; Hook. f. ¥ 1 . Brit. Ind. v. 760 ; C. P. 49. SvN. — Anisopetalum Careyanum^ Hook. FI. Exot. 149. Pleuroihallis purpurea^ Don Prodr. 33. Tribrachia purpurea^ Lindl. Coll. Bot. 41. Var. ochracea ; flowers ochraceous unspotted, lip red-brown. Arracan. Hook.f. Syn. — B. cupreum. Bot. Mag. t. 5316 ; C. P. 193a. 7 . B. clandestinuxn, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 77. Stems 6 — 12 in., as thick as a crow-quill ; internodes in., sheaths appressed, ribbed. Leaf — i in., oblong or linear, retuse. Scape capillary ; bracts many, hyaline ; flowers ^ in. long, erect cellu- lar, yellow-white. Sepals subequal, lanceolate caudate acuminate petals half as long, ovate-oblong, acute, i-nerved ; lip shortly stipitate lanceolate, obtuse ; column short, 2-tQothed. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. V. 753 - Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith. The Orchids of Burma. 3; Walp. Ann. vi. 248. • ovaiifoliay Wight.. Ic. t. 1736; Walp. 1 . c. ; C. P. 84. Epidendrutn sessile, Koenig, in Retz. Obs. vi. 60 (ex Herb. Roltler). 7 B. trisetosmu Griff. Not. iii, 283. 1 B. trisetorum. Griff. PI. As. t. 293. 8. B. Oomosum, Collett and Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Scape robust 2 — 3-sheathed, raceme inclined cylindric truncate, flowers most densely crowded ^ in. long horizontally spreading, sepals subequal hyaline subulate-lanceolate villous with flaccid hairs, petals small linear obtuse i -nerved, lip shortly stipitate lanceolate recurved, columnar teeth short. Eastern Burma ; Shan Hills, alt. 6000 ft. Collett. Pseudobulbs and leaves unknown. Scape 10 in., curved, as thick as a crowquill, kneed at the top so that the racemes form an angle of 45** with it. Racemes 2>i by i in. diam., like a bottle brush, the flowers being perfectly horizontal and densly villous with unicellular* hairs ; bracts subulate, as long as the very short pedicel and ovary ; sepals membranous, nerves i — 3 very slender. A very remarkable species, resembling no other, but allied to hirtum and auricomum. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 762-3. 9 . B. crasaipes, Hook. f. Scape very stout, shorter than the pseudobulb concealed by ventri- cose sheaths, bracts sepals petals and lip as in B. Careyanum, but column longer with short erect spurs. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 760. Martaban, Wallich \ Arracan, ( Herb. Calc.) Syn. — B. Careyanum, Wall. Cat. 1990/2, Bot Mag. t. 4166. 10. B. Oupreum. Lindl. Pseudobulbs i in. subglobose, scape slender inclined slightly curved, sheaths small distant raceme i — 2 in. flowers uniformly coppery * Discovered by Genl. Sir H. Collett, K.C.B., at Meiktila, Shan Hills, alt. 6000 ft. The hairs of the sepals ^hich were figured and described in the Linnoean Journal from dried specimens as unicellular, are multicellular. J. D. H. in Bot. Mag. t. 7283. 38 The Orchids of Burma. yellow, bracts ovate oblong much shorter than the ovary, lateral sepals ovate lanceolate acute, petals triangular-ovate accuminate, ^jp narrow obtuse auricles large, columnar spurs short slender. Tenasserim, Parish. Very like B. Careyanum^ but the rhizome and scape are much more slender, the flowers fewer and less dense, and the petals are not aristate. Hook.f. in FI. Brit. Ind. vi. i88. Walp. Ann. vi. 257 ; Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 152 ; Lindl. 'n Bot Reg. 1838, Misc. 95. Parish has mixed up this plant with B. Careyanum Var . ochracea^ his reference C. P. 193a may be to the above. B. G. B. Cupreum Var. Stenopeialum ^'“vel.” Stenosepalum^ Par.) See B. rufinum. 11 . B. cylindraceum, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 53. Scape tali with usually a large upper sheath, spike erect cylindric, flowers imbricate, bracts small, dorsal sepal triangular much smaller than the oblong obtuse lateral, petals small oblong i-nerved, lips ovate, columnar spurs short erect. Flowers dorsally flattened, white, pink, or deep purple — lip green or purple. From Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 765. Non Burman. Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. t. 69, Var. Xhasiana, upper sheath smaller distant from the spike. Hook.J. Syn. — B. Khasianum^ Griff. Notul. iii. 284 ; Rchb. f. in • Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 716 ; C. P. 82a. Not given as Burmese by Hooker, but named in Parish’s list. B. G. 12 . E Dayanum, Rchb. f. Gard. Chron. 1865, 434; Xen. Orchid. 128, t. 144. Scape O, pedicel very short sigmoid, flowers ciliate with long hairs, petals oblong much smaller than the broadly ovate obtuse equal sepals, lip sessile trigonqs sharply toothed, basal auricles uncinate incurved columnar teeth short. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish^ &c. The Orchids of Burma. 39 Pseudobulbs i in., crowded. Leaf 3 in., elliptic, reddish beneath \ petiole short. Flower i in. diam. ; sepals green, streaked with purple specks ; petals blood-red, margins yellow ; lip green, disk with blood-red ridges. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 756. Bot. Mag. t. 6119 ; Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. t. 144 ; FI. des Serres t. 2236 \ Saunders Ref. Bot. 115. C. P. 358. 13 . B. epicrianthes, Hook. f. Rhizotiie ascending, as thick as a crow-quill ; pseudobulbs ^ in., narrow. Leaf 1 in., sessile, elliptic-oblong acute coriaceous. Scape % in., i-fld, ; bracts lanceolate; flowers green and red; sepals about % in., subequal, ovate-lanceolate, spreading ; threads of petals nearly as long ; lip sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, warted, base 2-lobed ; column truncate. Described from a drawing and notes of Parish. I assume he is right in referring this plant to Blume’s Exjavanica ; he describes the threads of the petals as 6, in threes, mem- branous, Blume as 7, fleshy. There being a Bulb, javanicum^ I have adopted the generic name for the specific. HooK f in FI. Brit. Ind. V. 753 - Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Syn. — Epicrianthes javanica Blume Bijdr. 306 (Epicranthes) ; FI. Jav. Praef. vi. ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orchid. 61 ; Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. iii. 654. One species only known. In habit a Bulbophyllum differing how- ever in having a fringed membrane in the place of petals and only 2 pollen-masses. For further description see Otia Botanica Rchb. f. Fasc, I. p. 487. No. 25, Hamb. 1878, E. Javanica. Parish. C. P. 351- 14. B. gracile, Par and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 152, (not of Thouars) ; C. P. 208. Scape and elongate suberect raceme filiform, flowers minute sub- globose glandular and villous, dorsal sepals oblong shorter than the orbicular-ovate obtuse 3-nerved lateral, petals linear obtuse i-nerved, lip subsessile oblong-lanceolate obtuse, columnar spurs slender in- curved. 6 40 The Orchids of Burma. Tenasserim ; on Moolee-it, alt. 3000 ft. Parish. Pseudobulbs^ in. diam., subglobose, tubercled (when dry), young 2-leaved? Scape with lax -fid. raceme 6 in. ; bracts setaceous, longer than the very short pedicels ; flowers ^ in., green mottled with brown. Hook, f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 762. Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1874, ii. 162. 16. B. hirtum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1989 ; Gen. and Sp. 51 ; Bot. Reg. xxxii. (184), under t. 66. Scape tall stout, spike long many-fld. drooping, flowers sessile to- mentose, dorsal sepal lanceolate 3-nerved rather shorter and narrower than the broad-based falcately-lanceolate 3-nerved lateral, petals small oblong obtuse ciliate, lip subsessile clawed linear-oblong truncate hispid below the middle, columnar spurs short. Tenasserim, Parish. Pseudobulbs i—\yi in,, ovoid oblong, terete, 2-leaved. Leazes I — 2, 4—8 in., oblong to lanceolate, obtuse, rather thin. Scape with spike 8 — 1 2 in.; flowers % — ^ in long, yellow or greenish white, scented of Anthoxanlhum, bracts ovate, acute, exceeding the ovary ; pollinia globose, i pair minute. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 762. Syn. — B. suave^ Griff. Notul. iii, 292. Stelis hirkty Smith in Rees. Cyclop, xxxiv. Tribrachia hiria, Lindl. Collect. 41. B. ESiasyanum see B. Cylindraceum Var. Khasiana. 16. B. lemniscatum, Parish MSS. ; in Bot. Mag. t. 5961 ; C. P. 211. Scape erect slender or thickened upwards, spike short pendulous, flowers minute globose villous, sepals orbicular-ovate connate below, midrib of each below the apex with a long slender pendulous appendage, petals linear-oblong obtuse i-nerved, lip sessile short obtuse purple, columnar spurs stout incurved. Tenasserim ; at Zwabakir in Moulmein, Parish. Pseudobulbs ^ in diam., crowded, globose, strongly tubercled. Leaves 3 on the shoots, lanceolate (not seen on the pseudobulbs). Scape 4--6 in., slender below, sometimes tumid above the middle ; The Orchids of Burma. 41 spike ^ in., dense-fld. ; bracts ovate, acuminate ; flower green and purple, in. long ; appendages three times as long, lo-angled by as many crenate lamellse, banded white and red ; lip purple. A very curious plant. I suppress Var. iumida. Par. and Rchb., the characters of which apply to the type, well figured in Bot. Mag. 1 . c. Hook. /. in FI. Brit, Ind. v. 76a. FI. des. Serres, t. 2476 ; B. lemniscatum and Var. tumda. Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxx. 15 1 ; C. P. aii/l?. B. limbatnm Par. and Rchb. f. (not of Lindley), see B. rufilabrum, 17. B. Lindleyantun, Griff. Notul. iii. 287. Scape tall, raceme many-fld. drooping and pedicelled flowers tomentose, sepals subequal ovate acuminate 5-nerved, lateral with an outer basal angle, petals small oblong crinite, lip shortly stipitate lanceo- late villous, columnar arms slender. Tenasserim j shores of Mergui, Griffith, Parish, Pseudobulbs i in. diam., depressed ovoid. Leaf % — 6 in., oblong- lanceolate, acute. Scape 4 — 8 in., bracts ovate, aristately acuminate, longer than the pedicel and ovary; flowers yi in. diameter, when closed as if spurred by the mentum ; pedicels ^ in., sepals greenish with purple stripes and margins. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 763. C. P. 87. 18. B.Lobbii, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, sub. t. 29. Scape O, pedicel much exceeding the petiole of the linear-oblong leaf, petals narrow 9-nerved as long as the falcately ovate-lanceolate lateral sepals lip large broadly ovate recurved. Tenasserim \ on Donnatong, Parish. Rhizome stout ; pseudobulbs ovoid. Leaves 4—8 in. Pedicel 4 — 6 in., speckled ; sheaths loose, spotted ; flowers 2 — 4 in. diam. very variable in colour, ochreous or reddish yellow with red nerves, or with yellow and pink speckles and striate with brown. Hook.f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 755. Parish and Rchb. f. Bot. Mag. t. 4532; Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1847, 423 \ Walp. Ann. vi. 245 ; C. P. 187. Syn.— HenshalliU Lindl. in Card. Chron 1852, 422. 42 The Orchids of Burma. B. Siamense^ Rchb. f. 1 . c. 1867, 572. Sarcopodium Lobbtty Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card. i. iS 5 > Jard. Fleur, t. 183. Sestockilus uniflorum^ Breda. Orchid. Jav. t. 3. Var. Siamense^ Saund, Ref. Bot. t 116. Sarcopodium Lobbii^ Var. Henshalliiy Henfrey. in Card. Mag. Bot. iii. 269, with woodcut. The flowers of this species are large, the sepals and petals deep tawny yellow, the upper sepal spotted at the back with purple. It pro- duces its solitary flowers on radical scapes from the base of the ovale one-leaved pseudobulbs during the summer months, and lasts long in •beauty. Williams. 19. B. macranthum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 13. Scape O, pedicel longer than the petiole of elliptic oblong leaf, flower 2 in. diam., petals lanceolate 9-ncrved as long as the sepals, lip small ovate acuminate strongly recurved ; base truncate. Tenasserim ; alt. 3636 ft., Parish. Rhizome stout, criniteat the nodes. Leaf ^ — 8 in. Pedicel 4 — 5 in., with appressed basal sheaths ; flower ringent, rather fleshy, red- purple and spotted; anther small. Hook.f in FI, Brit. Ind. v. 753—4. The flowers smell of cloves. Ridley. Walp. Ann. vi. 245 ; Ridley in Ann. Bot. iv. (1890), 335, t. 22, f. I— 6; C. P. 158. Syn. — Sarcopodium macranthum^ Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card. i. 155 ; Fol. Orchid. 3. 20 . B. micranthum, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, ined. t. 2048. Scape slender, spike decurved or pendulous densely many-fld., bracts minute acute, flowers very small, dorsal sepal shortest triangu- lar-ovate acute 3-nerved, lateral falcately ovate acute concave 3-nerved, petals ovate acute i -nerved, lip large stipitate, columnar spurs slender. Tenasserim ; on Toungoo and Ta-ok. Parish. Pseudobulbs and habit of B. iriste^ to which Par. and Rchb. f. have referred it, but the flowers are spreading, not half the size, and the sepals are acute. Hook.J. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 768. The Orchids of Burma. 43 21 . B. micropetalum, Rchb. f. in. Walp. Ann. vi. 253. Scape slender, sheaths small distant, raceme dense-fld., bracts lan- ceolate equalling the small flowers, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate, petals very broadly triangular shorter than the column, lip minute, spurs of column recurved, tips toothed. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lobb. {in Herb, LtndL), Rhizome stout, pseudobulbs r-in., ovoid. in., rather longer than the scape and raceme, shortly petioled, linear oblong, obtuse, cori- aceous, Flowers in. long ; auricles of lip obscurely toothed. — The small flowers, minute petals ( “ tepals ”, Rchb. f.), and peculiar spurs of the column distinguish this. Hook.f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 761. 22 . B. moniliforme, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx 151 ; C. P. 96. The necklace Bulbophyllum. The smallest orchid known to me. Pseudobulbs in., round depressed closely seated on a slender branched rhizome, which they completely conceal. Leaf i to each bulb, lance- shaped, barely in. long, falling off* before the flowers appear. Flowers solitary, at the end of a slender scape which is ^ in. high, themselves about in. diam. Sepals yellowish, striped with orange. Petals much smaller, blunt. Lip red, in shape difficult to describe, as with most Bulbophylla, arched behind, bluntly pointed forwards, and fleshy like a tongue. Column surmounted by 2 awl shaped projections, Tenasserim ; Moulmein, Island of Madremecam, Mergui, forming small irregular patches on betelnut trees. Flowering in January. Parish, A remarkable little species, like a small Eria, Hook f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 757. 23 . B. nasutum, Rchb. f. in. Card. Chron. 1871, 1482. Flower subsessilc, sepals subequal triangular-ovate, petals very small linear, lip sessile as long as the sepals oblong, tip rather dilated rounded, base with a hooked incurved auricle on each side, anther conical. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulbs crowded, short, obturbinate. Leafyi in., sessile, lan- ceolate, very thick. Pedicel with ovary in. \ flower i in. diam. sepals and petals ^-nerved, pale yellow ; lip with a red-purple base, 44 The Orchids of Burma. auricles as in B. Careyanum . — ^The specimens are very insufficient. Hooh.f^ in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 754. C. P. 263. 24 . B. odoratissimum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1987 ; Gen. and Sp. SS- Scape stout loosely sheathed, flowers in a dense globose head, bracts longer than the ovary, sepals subequal lanceolate caudate 3-nerv- ed, tips solid obtuse, petals minute i-nerved, lip minute sessile papillose. Tenasserim, Heifer^ (Kew. distrib. 5167, 5168). Rhizome stout; pseudobulbs ^ — \yi in., subcylindric. Leaf I — 3 in., linear-oblong, notched. Scape sometimes distant from the bulb ; bracts oblong or lanceolate; heads ^ in diam.; pedicels % in.; flower yi — Yi in. long yellow, sweet-scented ; column truncate, Hook,f in, FI. Brit. Ind. 758 — 9, C. P. so. Syn . — SielU odoraiissima, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxxiv. S. Caudata^ Don Prodr. 32. Tribrachia odoraftssima, Lindl. Collect. Bot, 41. B. ovalifolium see B. ClandesHnum, 26 . B. parviflorum. Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxx. 152 ; C. P. 305. Scape slender, raceme elongate, bracts minute ; flowers small, very shortly pedicelled, sepals subequal ciliate, dorsal lanceolate i -nerved narrower than the ovate acute sub-3-nerved lateral, petals half as long oblong obtuse ciliate, lip shortly stipitate oblong obtuse laxly hairy, columnar spurs short. Tenasserim ; on trees in the Mts., Parish. Pseudobulbs depressed globose ; rhizome stout. Leaf 4 — 5 in., petioled, ligulate, obliquely 2-fid. Scape longer, with the raceme 6 in.; flowers in. diam., yellow ? ; mentum rounded. Reichenbach des- cribes the dorsal spur of the column as plumose. I do not And it so. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 763. 26 . B. Pechei, Bull Cat. 1891 (in Card. Chron. 1891, vol. i, p. 676, reimpr.). The Orchids of Burma. 45 This plant belongs to a natural but puzzling group of the genus which I have characterized in the FI. of Brit. Ind. (vol. v., 760) by the base of the lip having on each side a large incurved auricle. The type of the gi^oup, if by this term is to be understood the first published species, is B. Careyanum Spreng. with which B, Pechei agrees in the pseu- dobulbs, in the narrow leaves, long dense-fid. raceme, short bracts, forms of sepals and petals, and approximately in the colour of the flowers; but it differs in the unspotted sepals, in the very short acute cusps ^f the top of the column, and the toothed auricles of the lip. Whether such small differences, of which the only one that can be called structural \is that of the column (are sufficient to indicate a distinct species} B. G.), may well be questioned. It is in its favour that the minute characters of B. Careyanum occurs (sic) in its very differently coloured var. Ochracea. B. Pechei was received at Kew from the Royal Botanical Garden of Calcutta in 1889, and flowered in January 1892. I am informed by Mr. Bull, in whose catalogue for 1891 the name first appears, that he received it from Mr. George Pechh, a resident at Moulmein. Hook./. From Bot. Mag. t. 7287. 27 . B. peaioilliPm, Par. and Rcbb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 151 j C. P. 303. Scape long stout, raceme lax-fld., bracts lanceolate, sepals narrow subequal 5-nerved long-acuminate, dorsal ovate lanceolate, lateral lan- ceolate from a broad gibbous base, petals small oblong obtuse fleshy crinite, lip sessile on the broad short foot of the column, lanceolate crinitely hirsute with purple hairs, columnar spurs long slender. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulbs i in., stout, ovoid ; rhizome stout. Leafft in., linear, notched ; petiole 1 in.. Scape 12 in., lower empty bracts in., floral shorter ; pedicels }4 in. ; flower in. long ; mentum rounded ; sepals yellow striped with purple, dorsal obscurely ciliolate. Ifooh. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 764. 28 . B. psittacoglosBTim, Rchb. f. MSS. Scape very short stout i — 3-fld., pedicel longer than the petiole of the broadly elliptic lea^ flower in. diam., petals ovate 5-nerved 46 The Orchids of Burma. as long as the falcately ovate lateral sepals, foot of column forked, lip with membranous toothed basal lobes. Tenasserim, Parish, Pseudobulbs ovoid, enclosed in a reticulate sheath. Leaf 2 — 4 in. long and broad. Scape i — 1}4 in., sheath basal ; pedicel i in., stout ; sepals greenish yellow with red nerves, dorsal incurved, Lip spongy, yellow and scarlet, obtuse, base deeply 2-lobed ; tips of column acute. Hook,f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 754. C. P. 140. ^ Syn. — Sarcopodium psittacoglossum^ Rchb. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5408 29 . B. protractum, Hook. f. Ic. PI. 2037. Scape capillary distant from and much shorter than the leaf, flowers very small umbelled, bracts setaceous, sepals subequal lanceolate acute 3-nerved, petals nearly as long 3-nerved, lip very small subsessile, columnar spurs slender. Tenasserim; (on Andaman Islands), Heifer {Kew distrib. $16^), Rhizome long, nearly straight ; pseudobulbs — i in., narrow, dis- tant, Leaf 2 — 3 in., shortly petioled, linear-lanceolate, rather thin. Scape I in., sheath slender ; pedicel in. Hook,f, in FI. Brit, Ind. v. 758. 30 . B. radiatum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1986 ; Gen. and Sp. 55. Scape slender shorter than the linear-obtuse leaf, flowers umbellate long pedicelled, sepals subequal narrowly caudate-lanceolate 3-nerved, petals half as long narrowly lanceolate from an ovate i — 3-nerved base, finely acuminate, mentum O, lip minute stipitate, columnar spurs slender. Tenasserim ; at Tavoy, Wallich ; Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulbs^ i in. very narrowly conical or subcylindric, crowded on a stout rhizome. Scape 2 — 3 in. ; bracts setaceous, pedicel ^ — Yi in., capillary ; flowers yellowish ; sepals Y in. Hook,f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 758. Walp. Ann. vi. 264 ; Benth. FI. Hongk. 353 ; C. P. 114. B. refiractum see Cirrhopetalum rejractum, 31 . B. repens, Griff. Notul. iii. 293 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 294. Scape slender much shorter than the leaf, flowers in a dense globose head, bracts short, sepals 3-nerved, dorsal triangular much The Orchids of Burma. 47 shorter. than the broadly oblong obtuse lateral, petals minute cuneately obovate i-nerved, lip sessile oblong convex obtuse, columnar spurs simple or branched. Tenasserim, Parish^ Gallatly (Jc, Herb, Calcutta), Rhizome very stout densely fibrous. Leaves^.2 — 6 by i in., very thick ; petiole 1—3 in. Head of flowers in. diam. ; flowers purple, yk in. long and broad, flattened dorsally. Griffith’s drawing is a very bad one, and the specimen in Herb. Lindley is flowerless ; the scape is much longer in the Tenasserim plants. Hook,f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 765. Syn. — B, Khasyanum^ Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 138 (not of Griff). 32 . B. rufllabrum, Parish MSS. ; C. P. 262. Scape short, racemes many, and dense-fld., bracts very small, flowers very small, sepals subequal ovate-oblong obtuse, dorsal narrower, petals broadly ovate acuminate, tip serrulate, lip shortly stipitate scabrid, columnar teeth short. Tenasserim ; on trees at Mergui, Parish, Rhizome slender ; pseudobulb broadly ovoid or subglobose, in. long. Leaf — 2 in., subsessile, elliptic or oblong. Scape with racemes 2 yi in., sheath loose ; bracts equalling the ovary ; flowers ^ in. long, dull purple. Colours described from Parish’s drawing named limbatum by Reichenbach, who describing them from a living plant in Hort. Saunders says that the dorsal sepal is red spotted with yellow, the lateral brown spotted yellow and with a green mesial line, the lip as dark purple. The leaves he says, are lurid violet beneath. Hook,f in. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 761. Syn. — B, limbatum^ Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 152. (not of Lindley). Parish gives C. P. 336 for this, and a separate species B, rufilabre, Par. and Rchb. f. ; C. P. 262. B, G, 33 . B. rufinum, Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, iii. 45) t. 219. Pseudobulb 2 in. oblong, scape long stout decurved, sheaths large, 7 The Okciiids of Uurma. 48 raceme 6 — 10 in. lax-fld., bracts lanceolate about as long as the flowers, flowers dirty-yellow with rod streaks on the sepals, lateral sepals and small petals narrowly lanceolate acuminate, lip narrow obtuse, auricles small entire, columnar spurs slender. Tenasserim ; Parish, The large pseudobull), stout large scape, long raceme and bracts, narrow sepals, and colour of the flowers readily distinguish this from Oiprciim and Careyanum. Hook, J. in FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 188. Syn. — B cupreiun Var. stenopetalum Rchb. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 152 ; C. P. 306. 34 . B. sicyobulbon, Par. and Rchb. f. in 'Frans, Linn. Soc. xxx. 152 ; C. R 193 i?. Habit and scape of B, Careyanum, but [)seiidobulbs very large, flowers orange-yellow, bracts narrower, jjclals subscrrulate, column and its spurs as in B, Crassipes, Hook f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 761. 'Penasserim ; at Moulniein. Patis/i, 35 . B. sillemianum, Rchb. f. in Hard. Chron. 1884, ii. i66. • P.seudol)ulb subglobosc, leaves cuneate ligulate, j)eduncle longer than the leaf i-fld., flowers nearly orange, dorsal sepal ligulate obtuse acute lateral much broader oblong-iriangular, petals ligulate falcate obtu.se acute, lip long-clawed cordate 5-angled mauve above, whitish beneath, lip inflexed acute, column very short broad, top obtusely angled, anther with a linear apical ridge. Ho(fk, /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 771. (among species excluded and unknown), Burma, ( Hort, SchUoi.), 36 . B. simillimum, Par. and Rchb. f. Olia Bot. Hamb. 1878, p. 49 ; C. P. 366. Not given in Hooker’s FI. Brit. Ind. B, G, 37 . B. spathaceum, Rolfe. Introduduced by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton and sent to Kew by Mr. J. O’Brien of Harrow on the Hill, with whom it flowered, The Ouchids of Burma. 49 for determination. It is allied to apodum^ Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 766 (non Burman) but has shorter leaves, and a much denser raceme, and much more slender membranaceous bracts. The flowers are light straw-yellow, with a somewhat brighter lij). The base of the inflores- cence is sheathed by spathaceoiis bracts, in allusion to which the name is given. Hab. Burma ; Shan States. Kav Bulletin No. 79, 1893. 38 . B. Stenobulbon, Par. and Rchb. f. in IVans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 153; C. P. 337 - Scape short slender, sheaths 3 — 5 small, flowers fascicled on tlie lop of the scape few very small subsessilc sepals subequal lanceolate finely acuminate 3-nerved three times as long as the oblong obtuse 3- nerved petals, lip sessile, columnar spurs long. Tenasserim, Heifer f^Keiv distrilK 5166); at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulb y2 -—\\n.y cylindric; rhizome slender. Leaf \ — 2 in. linear, notched ; Scape — i in. ; bracts small, lanceolate; flowers yi — in. long yellow. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 758. 39 . B. suavissimum, Rolfe Card. Chron. 1889, i. 297. Scape very slender, raceme elongate deciirved, flowers secund, sepals subequal narrowly linear-oblong obtuse 3-nerved, petals not half as long ovate or ovate-lanceolate obtuse i nerved obscurely crose, lip sessile small linear-oblong obtuse recurved, columnar teeth broad acute. Upper Burma, Cooper {FLort, C, Bill,) Pseudobulbs i in., ovoid oblong, sheathed. 4 in., narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse, rather thin. Scape with raceme 8 — 10 in.; sheaths 2, membranous, appressed; bracts very small; flowers Vz in. pendulous, shortly pedicelled, very sweet scented; sepals and petals primro.se ; lip golden. Very like B, auricomutn^ and as deliciously scented, but per- fectly glabrous. Hook,f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 768. B. teniophyllum see Cirrlwpelalum iceuiopliyllutn^ 50 The Orchids of Burma. 40. B. triste. Par. and Rchb. /. in Walp. Ann. vi. 353 ; C. P. 207 Scape slender, top decurved, spike pendulous densly many-fld. - bracts minute acute, flowers small, dorsal sepal shortest triangular-ovate obtuse 3*nerved, lateral falcately oblong obtuse concave, petals ovate oblong aciite i-nerved, lipstipitate broad convex obtuse, columnar spurs slender. Tenasserim ; on the Toungoo Mts. Lobb ; Berkeley ; Parish, Rhizome as thick as a duck’s quill ; pseudobulbs conico-globose, ^ in. diam. Leafnoi seen. Scape 4 — 5 in. ; sheaths narrow ; spike i — 2 in. ; rachis slender ; flowers yi in. long, purple? ; ovary very short. Odour strong, pungently foetid,” Berkeley, Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 768. Saund. Ref. Bot. t. 117. B. tripudiana see Cirrhopetalum refractum, 41. B. xylophyllum. Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 151 ; C. P. 82 /S. Scape distant from the leaf slender erect, flowers capitate fleshy dorsally flattened, bracts very small, dorsal sepal with a minute spur at the base on each side ovate obtuse 3-nerved, lateral broadly falcately oblong, petals small oblong, lip oblong obtuse, columnar spurs falcate toothed dorsally. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Leaf I — 2 by — i in., broadly elliptic or orbicular, very thick, smooth. Scape 2 in., sheaths minute, head of fl. in diam. ; flower, suborbicular, in, broad, greenish, lip tumid, tip rounded. Hook f, in Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 766. KEY TO SPECIES. Bulbophyllum.* Thouars. Pseudobulb from a creeping rhizome, (rarely . 0 ), i-very rarely 24 eaved. Scape from the base of the pseudobulb, rarely distant from See Appendix A, Genus 9. The Orchids of Burma. SI it. jRomts solitary, capitate, umbelled, spicate or racemose. Sepals subequal, or the dorsal rather shorter, (rarely only half as long), lateral adnate to the foot of the column. Peiah various, usually much smaller than the dorsal sepal. Lip jointed on the fool of the column, mobile, usually very small and strongly recurved, Column very short, often 2-aristate at the top ; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 4 (2 rarely suppressed). A polymorphous genus of which § HI. A. resembles Sarcopodium of Dendrobiuniy but differs in its mobile lip, and scape lateral on the pseudobulbs. See under Cirrhopetalum for further remarks. Section I, Epicrianthes. No. 13 ; B, Epicrianthes. Section II. Oxysepala. No, 7 ; A Clandestinum. Section III. Eubulbophvllum. A. solitary, rarely 2 —3* usually large, sometimes very short, with the pedicel of the flower long and scape-like. Petals and lip usually much larger than in other groups. * Column trufleate, teeth at the apex in front O, or minute. t Lip sessile i. e. foot of column not produced beyond the insertion of the lateral sepals. No. 19, B, macranthum ; No. 23, B. nasutum ; No. 28, B. psit- tacoglosium, 1 1 Lip slipitate by the produced foot of the column. No. 5, B, Capillipes ; No. 18, B. Lobbii, * * Column with 2 long teeth or spines at the top. No, 12, B. Dayanum ; No. 22, Moniliforme, B. Flowers capitate or subumbellate. In this division the scape is often distant from the pseudobulb. * Sepals s-or y-nerved. Petals i-or j-nert ed. No Burman species. * * Sepals 2 -nerved, Petals j-nened^ or i -nerved in B. radiatum. No. 29, B. protractum ; No. 30, B. radiatum. No, 38, B. steno- pulbon. 52 Tiir Orchids of Burma. * * * Sepals 3-nerved. Petals i -nerved. No. 23, B. odoratissimum, C. Flowers racemose or spicate (capilalc in B, repens and sylophyl- Inm). * J.ip with recurved lateral basal auricles. Except micropeialum all want revision. No. 6, B, Carey anum ; No 9, i?. crassipes ; No. 10, B. Cupreum ; No. 21, B, micropetalum \ No. 32, B, Rufilalmtm\ No. 34, B\ Sicyobulbon, * * Lip without basal auricles. t Sepals pubescent. No. 8, B. Comosum ] No. 14, B. gracile \ No. 15, B, hirtnm \ No. 16, B, lemniscatmn \ No. 17, B. Lindkynum \ No. 25, B. parviflorum, t t Sepals glabrous or faintly ciliate. Petals ciliate or serrulate. No. 3, B. auricomtim\ No. 27, B. penicillium, t t t Sepals and petals glabrous, eciliate. Pseudobulbs ( 9 , or very small. No. I, B,alicorne\ No. ii, B* Cylindraceuni^ Var. Khasiana\ No. 31, B, repens \ No. 41, B, xylophyllum \ No. 37, B. spaihaceum. S § Pseudobulbs ovoid or globose. No. 20, B, Micranthum ; No. 39, B, Suavissimum ; No. 40, B, triste. Sect. IV. loNK. No Biirman species. HENOSIS* Hook,/, Habit of Bulbophyllum but flowers very long pedicelled. Sepals adnatc to the prolonged foot of the column, falcately oblong, acute. Petals forming a minute broad low wing on each side of the enormous 2-winged column, along the naked foot of which they extend as a membranous border to the insertion of the lateral sepals, they are per- Sce Appendix A. Genus 9/1. The Orchids ov Burma. 53 fectly hyaline, and were so oppressed to the sides of the very base of the column that (though they arc indicated in a rude sketch by Lindley), I overlooked them, and 1 am indebted to my artist. Miss Smith, for pointing them out to me ; they are not triangular-ligulate, as described by Reichenbach, but low and very broad. Lip articulate with the foot of thc column, linear, villously fringed. Anther marginal in the sinus between the wings, shortly stipitate, sub-hemispheric, 2-celled ; pollinia 2, oblong, laterally flattened ; clinandrum small transverse. Ifoo/c- / 1 . Henosis longipes, Hook. f. Ic. PI. t. 2051, ined. Rhizome as thick as a goose-quill, naked ; pseudobulbs ^ — i in. long, broadly ovoid, smooth. LeaJ^ — 4 in., subsessile, elliptic-lanceolate suliacute, very coriaceous. Scape with raceme 9 in., very slender, 10 — i2-fld. ; sheaths 2—3 appressed ; bracts in., oblong ; pedicel with ovary I — in. filiform ; sepals in. long, dorsal erect, subacute lateral rather longer ; foot of column in. Tenasscrim ; at Moulmein, alt. 4-5000 ft. Lobb in Herb, LindL It may be a question whether this plant should be restored to Bui- bophyllum^ in which Reichenbach placed it ; if it is to be retained it must he on account of the remarkable very large 2-winged column, like none other in the genus known to me ; the long pedicels too are quite peculiar. If referred to Bulbophylliim it should be to the racemose section with pseudobulbs and glabrous cciliatc sepals and petals, though very unlike any member of that group. It might with B, Gymnopus and B, Wrayi^ (non Burman species) form a group distinguished from all others by the lateral sepals being inserted at the apex of the naked foot of the column. Hook,f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 771 and corrected in Supplement vol. vi. 189. Syn . — Bulbophyllum longipes^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 253. TRIAS,* Lindley, Small epiphytes with the habit and foliage of Bulbophyllum, Scape Sec Appendix A. Genus 12, 54 The Orchids of Burma. lateral, i -fid. sepals subequal, spreading, 7-nerved, lateral adnate to the foot of the column. Petals small, oblong or linear. Lip small, coriaceous or fleshy, jointed on to the foot of the column, indexed, incumbent, mobile. Column short, broad, tip angled, winged or toothed ; anther erect, caducous, 2-cellcd, produced into a long horn ; pollinia subcoherent in pairs in each cell. Hook^f T. Dayanum see Bulbop/u Dayanum. T. Nasutttin see Bulboph. Nasutum. 1 . T. oblonga, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1977 ; Gen. and Sp. 60. Leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse, sepals subacute, petals ovate, lip trulliform subacute with erect auricles, horn of anther notched at the tip. Tenasserim \ at Moulmein. Wallich^ Parish^ Griffith. Pseudobulbs — yi in. diam. Leaves i — in. long. Scape very slender — i in. Flower i in. diam. ; lip grooved in the middle. Lindley describes the flowers as brownish-green, and the lip as purple. Parish has flowers yellow. Hopk,f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 780. \yall. PI. As. Rar. i. 55, t. 70. Syn. — Bolb. oblongum, Rchb. f. in. Walp. Ann. vi. 249 ; C. P. 90. Dendrob, tripterum^ Wall. MSS. 2 . T. picta, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 505. Leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate contracted at the tip or at both ends, sepals subacute, petals obovate deflexed, lip oblong granulate, tip rounded, horn of anther entire. , Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Pseudobulbs in. diam. Leaves 2 — 2^ in. Flowers in. diam. ; sepals greenish white with purple spots ; lip not grooved, surface con- vex. Hook-f. in ¥\. Brit. Ind. v, 781. Syn. — Bolbophyllum pictum Faxish and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn Soc. XXX. 150 ; C. P. 264. ? B. Moulminense, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann, vi. 249. The Orchids of Burma. 55 OHIBBHOPETALUM, Lindley. Habit and characters of Bulbophyllum^ but here distinguished by the more often and more regularly whorled flower, and by the short dorsal sepal, rarely half the length of the almost invariably much longer lateral. Lip very small and stipitate in all the species. The species of Bulbophyllum^ and Cirrhopetalum are in many cases so allied by cross affinities, that the two genera might well be regarded as one. My keeping them apart is due to the consideratibn of convenience and the fact that all my attempts to commingle the species of both have resulted in a chaotic aggregate, with most unsatisfactory sectional cha- racters ; in fact, a far less natural result than the keeping them apart. The species of this genus are far the most difficult of the two, as regards analysis from dried specimens, on account of the delicacy of the perianth and the fact that the length, form, colour, and consistence of the lateral sepals alter greatly during development. C. Viridiflonun (non Burman) and C. Blepluiristes have the longer dorsal sepal of Bulbophylliun, Hookup, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 772. 1. C. belpharistes, Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx.(Bulbo- phyllum) ; Flora 1892. p. 278; C. P. 99. Lateral sepals i in, linear-lanceolate acuminate coherent 3-times as long as the lanceolate acuminate dorsal, petals broadly oblong or obovate fimbriate, columnar arms minute. Tenasserim, Parish, Pseudobullbs' — 3 in., on a very stout rhizome, oblong. Leaves 2 — 3 in., oblong, very thick. Scape 6 — 12 in.; raceme short, erect, dense-fld. ; rachis stout bracts minute, acute, persistent ; pedicels % in., slender ; lateral sepals 7-nerved, pale yellow-green with faint red nerves, bases rdunded together forming a cordate-lanceolate blade ; i^etals 5- nerved, yellow tipped with red. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 779—780. 2 . 0. Bootaoense, Griff. Notul. iii. 297 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 299. Flowers dorsally compressed coriaceous, lateral sepal dimidiate- oblong obtuse cohering in a subpanduriform blade 3-times as long as 8 56 The Orchids of Burma. the suborbicular apiculate dorsal, petals oblong obtuse 3-nerved, lip shortly stipitate, columnar teeth slender erect. Tenasserim, Parish. Pseudobulbs — 2 in., narrow. I^af 2 — 3 in., linear-oblong or lanceolate, notched. Scape stout, shorter than the leaves ; umbels few-fld. ; bracts large ; pedicels stout ; flowers rose-red sprinkled with purple. — In Griflith’s drawing the flowers are umbelled, in Parish’s sketch there are but 2 flowers, their pedicels springing from the base of the pseudobulb. This species resembles no other, and is closely related to Bulboph. Cyliti'- draceum and repensy but its flowers are normally umbelled, and the dorsal sepal is shorter. Ilook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 775. Syn. — Bulbophyllum bootanensCy Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 153, t. 32, f. 2B. ; C. P; 293. 3 . 0. Oollettii, Hemsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Lateral sepals 4 — 5 in. linear-lanceolate with very long filiform tips, dorsal cymbiform narrowed into a long tail fringed with large lanceolate palese, petals very short broad ciliate abruptly narrowed into a linear tip fringed with large cuneate-obovate toothed paleae, lip glabrous, columnar teeth short. Eastern Burma \ Shan Hills, alt. 6000 ft. Collett. Rhizome very stout \ pseudobulbs very small, young enclosed in coriaceous sheaths. Leaf \ — in., sessile, ovate to elliptic-oblong, thick. Scape 3 — 6 in. very robust \ umbel many-fld. ; bracts 35^ — in. ; pedicel with ovary ^ in. ; dorsal sepal ^ in., 5 nerved, paleae sessile or with a capillary stipes, mobile, terminal often largest ; petals in., very oblique, nerves 3, distant ; paleae about 12 ; lip thick, obtuse, re- curved, papillose, base sagittate. — A beautiful plant. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 773 — 4. 4. C. gamosepalum, Griff. Notul. iii. 296. Lateral sepals in. linear-oblong or -lanceolate acute flat at first coherent 5-nerved many times longer than the ovate obtuse long-ciliate dorsal, petals longer than the dorsal sepal lanceolate caudate 3-nerved long-ciliate, lip membranous 3-nerved, columnar arips rounded. The Orchids of Burma. 57 Tenasserim, Griffith, Parish- Andaman Islands, Kurz. Pseudobulbs i— ^ in. Leaf 2— ^ in., linear-oblong or oblanceolate obtuse, trabeculate with cross nervules when dry, subpetaloid. Scape 4 in., slende?r; umbels many- fid. ; bracts setaceous; pedicels in.; dorsal sepal and petals bright red, lateral speckled with purple at length widely divergent. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 774. Syn. — C Andersonii, Kurz in Report. Veg. Andaman. 51. Bulbophyllum Griffithianum, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 153 ; C. P. 138. 5 . 0. lasiochilum, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 153. (Bulbophyllum) ; C. P. 307. I.ateral sepals i in. spreading falcately lanceolate subacute 5-ncrved twice as long as the lanceolate coriaceous ciliolate dorsal, petals nearly as long as the dorsal sepal thick lanceolate scabrid ciliatc obscurely 3-nerved, lip laterally strigose, columnar teeth short hooked. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith, Parish, Pseudobulbs, i in. oblong. Leaf \ — 2 in., very coriaceous, linear oblong. Scape as long as the pedicel and ovary ; bracts lanceolate. Dorsal sepal and petals dark purple ; lateral sepals at the end of the naked foot of the column, connate beyond the stipes of the lip. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 772 — 3. 6. 0. Merguense, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 154 (Bulbophyllum) ; C. P. 201. Lateral sepals lyi in. linear-lanceolate acute 5-nerved, very much longer than the ovate concave 5-nerved dorsal the tip of which is ciliate with rigid bristles, petals like the dorsal sepal 3-nerved, lip hispid, arms of column rounded. Pegu ; near Rangoon, Berkeley, Tenasserim, Parish, Pseudobulbs i in., narrow 5-angled. Leaf — 2 in., narrowly oblong. Scape 2 — 3 in., filiform, sheaths 2 ; bracts linear ; pedicels Js^jn., slender ; flowers yellow and purple ; lip purple. Hook,f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 772. 7. 0. picturatum, G. Loddiges in Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 49. 58 The Orchids of Burma. lateral sepals i — 2^ in. linear-lanceolate acuminate convex cohe- rent 5-nerved 3— 5 times longer than the cymbiform abruptly aristate dorsal, petals caudate-acuminate erosc 3-nerved, column large, arms subulate. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Pscudobulbs 2—7 in., ovoid, smooth, angled. in., linear- oblong, tip rounded. Scape 5 in., slender ; bracts yi in., slender ; pedi- cels as long ; flowers purple stained with dark red ; lip hastate with incurved uncinate basal lobes. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 774 — 5. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, Sub. t. 49; Bot. Mag. t. 6802. Syn. — Bulboph. picturatiim^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 262 ; C. P. 28. 8 . 0. Pumilio, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 153 (Bulbophyllum) ; C. P. 220. Bracts minute, lateral sepals % in. linear-lanceolate acuminate 3-ncrved three times as long as the ovale acuminate 3-nerved dorsal, petals orbicular-oblong broader than the dorsal 3-ncrved, lip ovate-lan- ceolate spongy, columnar spurs short erect. Tenasserim ; on trees, Zuggick, Parish. Rhizome slender ; pseudobulbs small, conico-globo.se. Leaf i — i yi in., linear-oblong. Scape 2 in., slender ; bracts yk in. ; pedicels as long, capillary ; lateral sepals yellow, and dorsal and petals streaked with purple. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 778. 9. 0. refractum, Zollinger in Flora 1847, 457. lateral .sepals i — in., strap-shaped acuminate cohering to the lips, many times longer than the lanceolate awned ciliate dorsal, petals lanceolate ciliate and pubescent, columnar spurs long slender dc- curved. Tenasserim ; Parish, Pseudobulbs short conical, crowded. Leaves 2 on young pscudo- bulbs, 4 — 5 in., lanceolate acute. .Vtvr/d? stout 4—6 in. ; raceme few- or many-fld., nodding ; bracts large, ovate or lanceolate, pedicels very short; dorsal sepal 3 -nerved, orange; lateral 3 — 5 -nerved, golden- The Orchids ot Burma. 59 yellow ; petals 3-nerved and lip speckled with red ; lip subcylindric, hispid orglabrate. Hook,f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 779. Walp. Ann. i. 776. Syn. — C Wallichii^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1980 ; in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 71 ; 1843, Sub. t. 49 (not of Wall. PI. As. Rar.) C, tripudians^ Par. and Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1876, 817. Bulboph. tripudians^ Ejusd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 154; C. P. 308. B* refractum^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 259. 10 . 0 . retufliusculum Rchb. f. in Gard Chron. 1869, 1182. I/ateral sepals i in. linear subacute coherent 3-nerved many times longer than the broadly oblong retuse 3-nerved dorsal, petals broadly oblong as long as the dorsal 3-nerved, tip rounded, lip lanceolate recurved, columnar spurs short erect. Tenasserim ; on Moolee, alt. 5 — 6000 ft. , Parish^ Benson^ Pseudobulbs % — i in., obpyriform, striate. Leaf 2 — 3 in., sub- spathulate, obtuse. Scape 3 — 4 in., slender sheaths 2 ; umbels inany- fld. ; bracts % in. slender ; pedicel with ovary % in., slender. The specimens are poor, and colours unknown. HooLf in Brit. Ind. V. 776. C. P. 142. 11. 0. simillimum, Rchb. f. Otia. Bot. Hamb. 1878 , p. 49 . (Bulboph.) Lateral sepals — i in,, linear-lanceolate acuminate 5-nerved three times as long as the ovate-lanceolate acute 5-nerved dorsal, petals nearly as large as the dorsal sepal ovate acute 3-nerved serrulate, lip scabrid, column unarmed. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulbs i in ; Leaf ^ in. linear-oblong, obtuse. Scape slender 4 — 5 in. ; umbels few-fld. ; bracts in., subulate ; flowers spotted with purple. My specimen is very indifferent; the absence of the awn on the dorsal sepal at once distinguishes it from C. picturaium^ and the 3-nerved serrulate petals from elatum, Hook,f in FI. Brit, Ind. v, 775* ' db The Orchids of Burma. 12 . C. tceniopbyllum, Par, and Rchb. f. in Trimen Journ. Bot, 1S74, 198 (Bulboph.); in Otia Bot. Hamb. 1878, p. 49 ; C. P. 350. Pseudobulb conic, lop narrowed, when dry furrowed lengthwise and across, leaf cuneate ligulate obtuse acute longer than the peduncle, flowers yellow with purple dots, bracts broadly triangular i-nerved not equalling the pedicelled ovary, dorsal sepal short triangular i- nerved, lateral 3 — 4 times longer coherent, bases free acute 3-nerved, petals ligulate acute 3-nerved, lip 2-edged semi-lunate, column bisetose. Tenasserim; Parish, Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 780 (among species unknown to him). C. tripudians, see C. refractum KEY TO SPECIES. CiRRHOPETALUM.* Lindky, A, Flowers solitary (occasionally solitary in imperfectly developed species of other groups). No. 5, C*. lasiochilum \ No. 6, C. Merguense, B, Flowers capitate. No Burman species. C, Flowers umbelled ; umbels rarely reduced to i — 2 flowers. * Dorsal sepal and petals ciliate fimbriate or appendaged. No. 3, C. Collettii j No, 4, C.gamosepa/um, * * Dorsal sepal glabrous or nearly so. Petals erose ciliate or fim- briate. No. 7, C. picturatum ; No. ii, C. simillimum. * * * Dorsal sepal and petals glabrous, quite entire. t Lateral Sepals more than in. long. (A very vague character ; see note under generic description). No. 2, C. Bootanense ; No. 10, C. retusiusculum. t t Lateral Sepals about in. long or less. No. I, C. Blepharistes \ No. 8, C. Pumilio] No. 9, C. refractum. * See Appendix A. Genus 11. The Orchids of Burma, 6i DRYMODA,* Undky. Flowers in November, December. One species only known. Parish, A very small epiphyte ; pseudobulbs disciform, i-leaved. Scape basal, filiform, i-fld ; sheaths i — 2 near its base, minute. Sepals spreading ; dorsal small, broadly ovate ; lateral at the end of the naked foot of the column, oblong>lanceolate. Petals minute, orbicular. Lip very small, stipitate on the foot of the column, base saccate, lobes short rounded. Column very short, with 2 linear-oblong decurved wings and a long naked foot ; pollinia 4, globose, sessile on a large gland. Hoohf, 1 . D. picta, Lindl. Sert. Orch. t. 8C. ; Bot. Mag. l. 5904 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 567. Burma, Griffith. Tenasserim ; on trees, Dauna-toung, about 4 — 5000 ft, Parish. Pseudobulbs in. diam. ; appressed to the bark. Leaf yi in., ses- sile, ovate, acute, fugacious. Scape i — 2 in. ; flower yi in. long, lateral sepal yellow-green with purple stripes, lip dark-red purple ; column and its foot and wings green, purple spotted. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 781. DENDBOBIUM. Swartz. The Indo-Malayan Peninsular is especially rich in this magnificent genus, partly consisting of plants with tall jointed stems, bearing lateral or pseudoterminal racemes of flowers,and partly of pseudobulbous species which have their floral racemes terminal. Some are evergreen and others deciduous, flowering on the ripened leafless stems. The chief peculiarity of the flower consists in the base of the lip being more or less contracted into a claw, lying upon or adnate to the foot of the column. The genus is scattered abundantly over India, and more sparingly in the South Pacific Islands, Australia, and Japan. See Appendix A. Genus 13. 62 The Orchids of Burma. The drooping kinds should be cultivated in hanging baskets, or on blocks of wood. They must have decided periods of rest and growth, and the growths should be well ripened. They are propagated in different ways. Some of them form plants on the old stems, which should be cut off and potted. Some are propagated by cutting the old stems from the plants after flowering, and laying them on a moist surface to induce them to break at the joints, — others again by dividing the plants. Williams, A very large genus, which, as at present constituted, includes plants of widely different habit and general appearance Their point of agreement lies in their flowers. Some (sub-genus Aponati) have flat stems with fleshy equitant leaves and small unattractive flowers. Some have pseudobulbs approximating them in appearance to Bulbo- phylla^ as D, amplum. Others have terete (or quill-shaped) stems and leaves. Others again (and these are the true and typical Dendrobia), have more or less el9ngated cylindrical leafy pseudobulbs or stems, the leaves being generally bifarious (in two ranks), alternate and flat, i.e., in the same plane. They differ, as in habit, so in size, some being less than an inch high, others five or six feet long. The flowers are lateral, and either solitary, in fascicles, or in racemes. The sepals and petals, in other words all the segments of the flowers except the lip, are nearly uniform in shape and colouring (except in Aporum\ the general differ, ence being that of the three outer segments, or sepals, the two lateral ones are somewhat larger than the other and adhere commonly to the side of the column, which is semi-terete (or half-round) and is usually prolonged into a sort of blunt spur. The lip is always sessile, and articulated with the base of the column or adnate to it, generally large, undivided or 3-lobed. It is of the same thin texture generally as the rest of the flower, whereas in “ Bulbophyllum ” the lip is thick and fleshy. Pollen-masses 4, in pairs, side by side, nearly uniform and quite free, in a 2-celled anther. This genus includes a predominating proportion of the beauty of the Orchid tribe, at least of that part of it which is found in the Eastern Hemisphere. It stretches from India through the Eastern The Orchids of Burma. 63 Archipelago to N. Australia, and Burma may fairly lay claim to be its Head centre. Parish. 1 . D. (Strongyie) acerosum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841. Misc. p. 86. Stem rather slender Ilexuous, leaves % in. recurved subacute fleshy, flowers solitary, bracts i in. membranous convolute ovate-lan- ceolate, petals narrow acute, mentum twice as long as the dorsal sepal stout incurved obtuse, lip narrowly cuneate, tip dilated retuse waved. Tenasserim ; Parish. Stem 6 — 10 in. including the leafless ends. Flowers ^ in. long, pale rose-coloured. Griffith describes the flowers as racemose, but they are solitary in his specimens (in Herb. Lindley). Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 726. Walp. Ann. vi. 281; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. hi. p. 4;C. P. 34. Syn. — Aporum subteres^ Qr\^. in CdXc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 371. D. suhteres^ Lindl. Journ, Linn. Soc. iii. 4. “ Flowers all white or veined with red ; leaves curiously grooved on each side.” Ridl. in lift 2 . D. acrobaticum, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1871, 802. Stems with stalked bulbs on the opposite sides, leaves oblong ligu- late, racemes lateral few-fld. at the top, flowers yellowish, sepals ligu- late obtuse, petals oblong with a biggibous callus at the base within lip rhombic obtuse angled, claw with a transverse callus, disk minutely velvety, column hatchet-shaped on each side. Tenasserim, (Hort Veitch). Reichenbach says of this “near D.polyanthumlAn 6 \'\ but Lindley’s polyanthum is a very doubtful plant, and not Wallich’s. Of the growth he says, “ One stalked bulb comes out of the side of the first, and the third very high up on the opposite side.” Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 751 * 3 . D. aggregatum, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 477 * A pretty dwarf evergreen species, growing about 4 in. high, with clustered i leaved oblong-ovate furrowed pseudobulbs, the inflorescence consisting of a short loose raceme being produced from the axil of a 9 tf4 The Orchids of Burma. small scale on the side of* the pseudobulb ; the flowers are deep golden yellow with an orange-yellow stain at the base of the pubescent lip. Williams. Arracan, Martaban, Tenasserim. Hook. f. Stems fusiform, leaf solitary oblong, tip notched, flowers i — 2 or * many in a loose drooping lateral raceme (yellow), bracts minute, sepals small ovate obtuse spreading, petals much broader ovate, base cuneate, mentum subglobose, lip shortly clawed transversely oblong from a short subconvolute base, disk concave pubescent, margin quite entire ciliolate. Slems I — 2 in., angled Leaf 2 — 3 by i in. Raceme from the axil of a small scale ; flowers at first primrose, at length orange, i in.diam. ; column yellow. Capsule 4 in. fusiform, ffook.f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 749-50. Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7411 A; in Bot. Reg. t. 1695; Bot. Mag. 3643 ; Paxt. Mag. vi t. 145 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 15 ; C. P. 13. Syn. — D. Lindleyiy Steud. Nomenc. i. 490. Var. — Jenkinsii. A beautiful dwarf evergreen variety with clustered oblong tetra- gonal pseudobulbs, each bearing at the top a solitary oblong coriaceous retuse leaf, the whole not exceeding 2—3 in. in height. The flowers are very large for the size of the plant, and last 10 days in beauty ; they grow on slender peduncles, solitary or geminate, from the side of the pseudobulbs, and are wholly deep yellow, the lip being very large and spreading, reniform retuse, slightly pubescent and ciliate, and measuring nearly i in. across. This variety is best grown on a bare block of wood suspended from the roof. Williams. A plant now flowering at Kew shows both aggregatum and fenkinsi in the same clump. Hook.f. Syn. — D.Jenkinsiiy Wall, not of T. Anders, in Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 37 ; Warner, Sel. Orchid. PI. ii, t. 28 ; Veitch 1 . c. 50 ; Walp. 1. c. 307 4 . D. Albo-sanguineum, Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card. ii. 93, t. 57 (very inaccurate). A distinct and compact growing plant, with thick erect knobby stems I ft. high, and thicker upwards. The leaves are broad and firm, and the very large flowers grow in pairs from the joints near the top. The Orchids of Surma. 65 The flowers have the sepals and petals creamy white, while the very large squarish flat lip is of the same colour with a crimson blotch on each side near the base. It blooms in May and June,* lasting a long time in perfection. It requires plenty of water, during the growing season, and enjoys aii abundance of light and heat. Williams. Stems elongated, terete, about i ft. high. Leaves 5 — 6 near the top. Flower-stalk from between the topmost leaves, erect, 6 — 7-fld. Flowers 2^ in. diam., creamy-white. Lip same; but with some deep blood-red streaks near the base. When out of flower, this species may be readily distinguished by the black margins of the leaf«sheaths. Abundant in some places, but local. Parish. Stem 6 — 16 in. glabrous ; internodes i — in. by in. diam., lower ^narrdwer. Leaves 5 — 7 by i in. Raceme 3 — 4 in., stout, erect ; bracts sheathing; flowers 3 in. diam., slightly scented. The figure in Paxton’s Magazine (copied in FI. des Serres vii. t. 721, and Jard. Fleur, t. 203) is, as Lindley implies, a made up one, and differs in toto from that in the Bot. Mag., having 2-nate lateral flowers on a very stout leafless stem. Lindley, however, cites Lobb. for the flowers being racemose as they really are, A very anomalous plant. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 722. Tenasserim ; on the Attran River, Lobb. Moulmein, Williams. Bot. Mag. 5130 ; C. P. 15. 5. D. amoenum, Wall, in Lindl Gen. and Sp. 78 (excl. syn). A very pretty species, producing long slender fascicled pendulous stems 2 ft. long, linear-lanceolate acuminate wavy leaves, and short racemes, i — 3 fld., from the nodes of the stem. The sepals and petals are pure white, tipped with magenta, the lip broadly ovate with a trumpet-shaped mouth, white, with the tip deep magenta-purple, marked with 3 deeper-coloured veins, and the concave base yellow with a velvety surface. The flowers are very fragrant. Williams. Stems slender pendulous, leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate, flowers a— 3 on a short peduncle from the leafless stems white with violet tips and purple lip, bracts small, sepals oblong-lanceolate obtuse, petals 66 The Orchids of Burma. larger ovate, mentum conic stout, lip shortly clawed ovate obtuse undul- ate crenate ciliolate, disk villous. Stems I — 2 ft; internodes i — 2j4 in. smooth. Leaves 2 — 4 in. membranous. Flowers 1^ — 2^ in. diam., violet scented; bracts on the peduncle imbricating. Lip amethyst-purple bordered with white, base yellow. Flowers very variable in size and colour. Hook. / FI. Brit. Ind. v. 738. Tropical Himalaya, from Garwhal eastwards to Bhootan, Silhet^ Burma. Hook,f Lindl. in Bot Reg. 1844, 49 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 12 ; Bot. Mag. t. 6199; Knowles and Weste. Floral Cab. iii. T17; Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. N. S. iii. 305, figs. 57, 58 ; Id. xvi. 625, fig. 126 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 17. Syn.— mesochlorunty Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, under t. 36 ; Paxt. FI. Card. i. 63, fig. 43. D. Egertonice^ Lindl. 1 . c. ; Paxt. 1 . c., fig. 44. 6. D. Anceps, Swartz in Act. Holm. 1800, 246. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acute, flowers axillary very shortly pedicelled, mentum longer than the sepals, lip cuneately oblong obscurely 3-lobed, membranous, veined, margins crisped. Tenasserim, Parish. Stem I — 3 ft. stout, flattened, sometimes Yz in. broad, Leaves I — in., striate when dry. Flower yi in. long, greenish or yellowish.' Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 724. Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 136 ; Koxb. FI. Ind. iii. 487. Walp. Ann. vi. 279 ; C. P. 35- Syn. — Aporum anceps^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 71 (excl. cit. Wall); in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 4 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1239 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3608; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1895 ; Griff, in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist, v. 368 (? 369). D. cuspidatum^ Wall, in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 7 (not of Lindl.). D. Andersonii, Scott in journ. Agric. Soc. Ind. iii (1872) 117. From Burma, collected by Dr. J. Anderson in 1868, and described from a plant that flowered in the Calcutta Bot. Gardens. It resembles The Orchids of Burma. 67 according to its author, a dwarfed form of D, formosum^ from which species the description does not enable me to distinguish it. It is stated to be highly aromatic. Hookf, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 187. D. angulatum, Wall. Cat. No. 2010, (not of Lindl. Gen. and Sp. ' p. 88.) ; C. P. 88 ; See D, podagraria^ 8. D. Aphrodite, Rchb. f. Bot. Zeit. 1862, 246. A charming species with slender branching stems nearly i ft. long swollen at the joints i.e. nodose. The leaves on the younger stems are oblong-obtuse, but these fall away before the flowers are developed. The latter are produced singly from the joints, 2 — 3 in. across, the smooth oblong-obtuse white sepals and petals spreading, the lip clawed, with a white callous disk on the claw, the sides indexed, with a deep blood-red spot at the base, and the front lobe large, subrhomboid-acute, deep orange with a white margin and apex. Williams, Stems branched, internodes long clavate, leaves linear-oblong subacute, flowers solitary on the leafless stems stoutly pedicelled pale primrose or white, lip orange and purple, sepals linear-oblong obtuse, petals ovate-oblong, mentum obscure, lip shortly clawed orbicular-ovate from a short convolute base pubescent entire, anther purple. Stem I — 2 ft.; internodes i in. Leaves few, 2 — 3 in. Flowers 2 in. diam.; pedicel i — in.; bracts small, appressed, sometimes many and imbricate ; lip bright orange with a broad pale border, and purple blotches on the tube. Hook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 743. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein. Parish. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 17. Syn. — D, nodatuvi^ Lindl. in Card. Chron. 1862, 177 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5470 ; Flor. des Serres, t. 1582 ; C. P. 106. 9 . D. arachnites, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1874, 354. A very distinct and brilliant novelty, with slender short shining honey-cold, stems, thickened at the articulated apex, and bearing large bright cinabar red flowers with broad linear blunt sepals and petals, and a broader convolute lip which is ligulate with basilar angles, or some- 68 The Orchids of Burma. times much attenuated in front ; the veins of the lip are of a peculiar hue. Williams, Stems very short tufted terete, leaves linear-lanceolate acute, flowers 1—3 ochreous, sepals very narrow s-nerved dorsal oblanceol^te obtuse, lateral linear-lanceolate from a broad base subacute, petals narrower than the dorsal sepal 3-nerved, mentum very short conical, lip nearly its long as the sepals subpanduriformly lanceolate acuminate shortly clawed slightly recurved, disk 2-ridged at the very base. Stems 2 — 3 in. ; internodes shining, slightly swollen upwards. Leaves i — 3 in.; sepals spotted ; petals paler, lip purple-veined. One of the narrowest-sepalled species. I have seen only a flower. Hook, /. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 734 -S' Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, BoxalL Veitch Man. Dendrob. 19. I 10. D. atropurpurenm, Miquel. FI. Ind. Bot; iii. p. 644. Leaves lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate acute, flowers subsessile in axillary shortly peduncled bracteate heads, mentum as long as the sepals, lip thick ciliate linear, tip ciliated obscurely 3-lobed, disk caruncled. Stem 4 — 6 in. Leaves i — in., variable, not striate. I^owers about in., yellowish or pink ; lip with a tubercle under the tip. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 724. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 149 ; C. P. 265. Syn. — D. coneinnum, Miq. 1 . c. Oxystophyllum atropurpureum^ . Blume Rumph. iv. 41, t. 193, f. 4 and 198 C. ; Walp. Ann. iii. 53°. O. camosum, Blume Bijdr. 336, fig. 38 ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 72. Aporum coneinnum., Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 2019 ; Gen. and Sp. 1 . c. I think the yellow flowered D. carnosum is distinct. D. atropurpu- reum is smaller, shabbier looking, and the flowers dark claret-cold. as in Blume’s drawing. Pidiey in litt. 11 . D. bambnssafolium, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 149 ; C. P. 188. Leaves linear-lanceolate unequally a-fid, flowers i — 3 on a leaf- opposed tubercle, pedicel slender, dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, pft R ln The Orchids of Burma. 69 linear-lanceolate acute, mentum as long as the ovate acute lateral sepals cylindric-conic obtuse, lip narrowly spathulate entire or oblong mem- branous veined, tip rounded or emarginate, sidesjnvolute. Tenas^erim, Parish. Stem 2 ft., stouter than in D, conosialyx than a crow-quill)^ polished. Leaves 5 — 6 by in., sheaths minutely granulate. Flowers in. long, green or white with purple on lip, which is described by Parish as strangely different on one and the same specimen. Habit and foliage of gemellum^ of which it may be a variety. Parish figures a more oblong lip, notched at the end, unlike that which 1 examined ; he informs me that the lip is very variable. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 727. 12. D. Bensonise, Rchb. f. Bot. Zeit. 1867, 230. A lovely species, having some resemblance in its habit to D, crysiallinum. It has sub-erect or pendulous terete stems, 1—3 ft. long, the younger ones with linear acute or emarginate leaves, the older leafless ones bearing the large showy flowers 2 or 3 together from the nodes ; the sepals oblong-lanceolate the petals roundish oblong, both creamy white, the orbicular concave tomentose lip orange with 2 large black-purple spots at the base. A handsome and desirable species* Williams, Pegu ; Rangoon, Kurz, Arracan on the Kareen Hills. Tenasse- rim ; at Moulmein, Benson, Rchb, f. in Bot. Mag. 5679 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 32 ; F'loral Mag. t. 355 ; Linden, iv. t. 148 ; Orchidoph. 1886, 49, with fig. ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 21, with fig. \ Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 739 ; C. P. 203. In Jenning's figure and Veitch’s Manual, the flowers are on a very short peduncle ; in Bot. Mag. and specimens from Rangoon, they are 2 — 3 racemose on peduncle — i in. Hook,f, Var. Xanihinum^ a very chaste variety of the above. Sepals and petals pure white ; lip white with an orange disk. This variety is destitute of the 2 dark spots found at the base of the lip in the type. Moulmein. Williams, 70 The Orchids of Burma. 13 . D. bicameratnm, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1840 (?i839) Misc. p. 85. Leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers crowded on a short sheathed peduncle, dorsal sepal ovate-oblong subacute 5-nerved, mentum urceo- late, foot of column 3-lamellate, lip broadly cuneate truncate, sidelobes spreading small acute, midlobe small fleshy caruncled. Tenasserim, Parish, Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 2000 ft., Mann (Ic, in Hort, Bot, Calc,), Khasia Hills, Gibson, Behar ; on Parusnath (Ic, in Hort, Bot, Calc,), Stem clavate, fusiform or elongate, and 12 — 18 in. Leaves 3 — 4 in., obliquely 2-fid. Flowers Yi in. broad, yellow with stripes of red speckles ; lip golden yellow. Apparently very variable. The fig. in Refug. Bot. has ensiform stems with inter- nodes % — in., and a rounded midlobe of the lip. The Parusnath plant has stems 6 — 7 in. narrowed at both ends, intcrnodcs % — in*, dirty -yellow flowers, and a narrower mentum ; the midlobe of lip is very short. Lindley’s specimen of D, brevi- erroneously supposed to be from Singapore, is a mere frustulc of a stem. A note of Dr. Thomson’s attached to a drawing of this species (in Hort. Cal.) stales that it was introduced from Parusnath into the Calcutta Garden; it has pale rose-cold, flowers. Lindley by an oversight says of the flowers, **A little smaller than those of Maxillaria Slapelioides)^ which he figures (Bot. Reg. 1839,1. 17) with flowers 2^ in. diam. Hook,f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 729. Saund. Ref. Bot. t. 134 \ Walp. Ann. vi. 299 ; C. P. 278. Syn. — D, brevifloruniy Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 14. 14 . D. binocularei Rchb. fil. Card. Chron. 1869, p. 785. Stems slender, leaves lanceolate acuminate, racemes ascending, bracts very small, flowers small coppery orange with 2 maroon spots on the lip, sepals elliptic-oblong, petals obovate, lip clawed reniform pubescent plicately denticulate or crenate, disk concave. Veitch, Man. Dend. 23. Pegu ; hills east of Prome, Benson, A little known plant, differing according to Veitch, from D,fuscatunv (Gibsonit) by its more slender stems, smaller leaves and flowers (Y in diam.), and differently shaped lip. Hook^f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 747. Otia. Bot. Hamb. No. 23, p. 48, C. P. 344. The Orchids of Burma. 71 0 . Boxallii Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1874, t. 114. See />. gra^ iiosissimum^ Var. Boxallu 16 . D. Brymerianum, Reichb. f. in Card. Chron. 1875, 323 1876, i. 366 ; 1879, i. 475 fig. 65 ; 1881, ii. 689, fig. 140. A handsome species with terete stems a foot or more high, slightly swollen in the middle part, with lanceolate acuminate distichous leaves and short lateral racemes produced near the top of the stem. The flowers are 3 in. across, golden yellow, with ovate lanceolate sepals linear oblong petals, and a triangular cordate lip, the middle lobe of which is greenish-yello\V fringed with a long beard-like appendage of dichoto- mously-branched flexuose ciliated processes, and the short broad lateral lobes are deep orange with a shorter fringe. Williams. Stems terete, leaves lanceolate acuminate, racemes on leafless stems 2 — 3-fld., flowers large yellow, sepals oblong-lanceolate, petals linear- oblong entire, mentum obscure, lip 3-lobed deeply fimbriate, base sub- cordate, fimbriae of the oblong midlobe much longer than the limb. Stems I — 2 ft., narrowed below, sulcate, old subfusiform. Leaves 4 — s in., s — 7-ricrved. Raceme erect ; sheaths short, lower not tubular ; pedicels stout, — 2 in (with the ovary); flowers 3 in. diam., often triandrous. The leaves arc stated in Vcitch’s Manual to be persistent, but in the native specimens the flowers are on leafless stems. Hook. / FI. Brit. Ind. v. 745 — 6. Burma, Berkeley. Bot. Mag. t. 6383 ; Flor. Mag. N. S. t. 459 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 24, with fig. ; Lindenia iv. t. 183 ; Gartenfl. 1883, t. 371 \ 1887, t. 183, 548 ; Orchidoph. 1881, t. 148 ; C. P. 369 B. Syn. — ? D. criniferum* ^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 55 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 303. Var. histrionica^ Rchb. f. 1 . c. 1888, i. 104 ; Veitch 1 . c. 25. Has more fusiform stems, smaller flowers with much shorter fimbriae on the lip or O. Hook.f. * Dr. Trimen has sent me a fine drawing from the Peradeniya Herbarium of a cultivated specimen of D. Crinifemm^ showing that it has no connection with D. Brymerianum^ but belongs to the Sect. Cadeiia. It is probably a Philippine species. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. p. 187, Suppit. 72 The Orchids of Burma. 16. D. calceolaria, Carey in Hook. Exot. FI. t. 184. Stout pendulous terete striated stems from 4 — 6 ft. long, furnished with oblong or oblong-ovate somewhat leathery striated leaves, and bearing pendent racemes of 8—10 large (lowers from the sides of the old stems near the top. The flowers arc large and spreading in. across of a creamy buff suffused with rose, the lip slipper shaped, pale yellow darker at the bases and ornamented inside on each side with a large eyc-like blotch of deep blackish purple ; they are agreeably musk scented. It flowers in May or June and lasts about a week in perfec- tion. Williatm, Stem erect terete, leaves ovatc-oblong to lanceolate, flowers 6—15 in an elongated raceme from the leafing stems large many while or pink purplish or golden-yellow, sepals elliptic-oblong, petals broader, mentum stout, lip calceolar pyriform or hemispheric with broadly incurved fimbriate margin. Stems 3 — s ft* j internodcs r — i in. Leaves 3 — 5 in. coriace- ous, acute or unequally notched. Flowers 2^— 3^4 in. diam., odour musky or sweetish ; perianth reticulate, extraordinarily variable in colour, especially the lip, which has fimbriate veins within, and often 2 large purple blotches. The name D. calceolaria (1823) is much the oldest. The examination of a very extensive serie.s of published and unpublished draw- ings of this plant convinces me that the names quoted are all referable to our plant, which is so variable that to attempt definition of its varieties would lx; impossible in this work. Hook. /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 744. Tropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon, Strachey and Winterbottom, eastward to Assam and the Khasya Mts., and southwards to Tenasserim, Liiull. Gen. and Sp. 83 ; Do Puydt. Les. Orch. t. 15 ; C. i\ 136, Syn. — Z>. Cuprenmy Herbert in Bot. Reg. t. 1779. Z>. Moschatum, Wall, in Don Prodr. 34 ; PI. As. Rar. ii. 83, t. 195 ; Lindl. 1. c. 82 ; in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 57 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 8 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3837 ; Paxt. Mag. ii. t. 241 (Excl. Syn. D. clavatum)\ Maund. Bot. i. t. 37 ; Hort. Parad. ii. t. 2, ( 1 7); Veilch Man. Dendrob. 61 ; Warner. Orch. alb. t. 165 Var. (cuprea); Walp. Ann. vi. 296, The Orchids of Burma. 73 Var CakeoIuSy Williams. Sometimes classed with the above. Stems stout and pendulous, about 4 ft., flowers borne in racemes of 12 or more from the top of the old stems. The flowers are large but not equal in size to those of D. Moschatum, the sepals and petals apricot yellow, the slipper-shaped lip deeper golden; with an orange spot on each side of the base. Williams, Syn. — D, Moschatum cupreum, Epidendrum Moschatum Ham. in Syme's Embassy, iii, 315 with fig. D, Calceolus Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 488 ; C. P. 8. As there is a good deal of confusion in regard to this plant and its varieties and some of its nearly allied species I append in full the remarks of the Revd. Chas. Parish on the subject which may tend to make things clear. He recognizes 2 species, Calceolaria and Moschatum, Mr. Noble of the Rangoon Hort. Gardens tells me there arc two kinds of Calceolaria one without any smell of musk which he calls Calceolus and another otherwise similar but musk scented, which he calls Moschatum ; both kinds vary indifinitely. Parish under D. Dalhousianum f^see Ds pulchellum) says — As there has been some confusion in respect of this and two nearly allied species, I subjoin below characters which, I liope, may suffice to distinguish them. They have all three been under my eye in a growing state at the same time. D. Dalhousianum, Stems terete, 5*— 6 ft., pendulous, marked tvith red purple lines. Leaves lanceolate obtuse. Racemes lateral, but towards the end of the stem, 6— 8-flowered. Sepals oblong-obtuse. Petals oblong-ovate obtuse, broader than the sepals. Lip bagged or boat shaped, villous, with the central mar^sin turned outward. The flowers are very large, 4 in. across ; crcam-ycllow but delicately tinged with rose ; the lip is of the same general colour, with 2 deep, rich blood-red blotches on the inside. Column and anther dark purple. D, Calceolaria, Stems terete, 4 — 5 ft. pendulous mt marked with purple lines^ but stippled towards the base with green and purple dots. Racemes 5—8 lid. Sepals oblong-obtuse, very widespread. Petals oblong-ovate obtuse, much broader. Lip slipper shaped^ not at all pointed but with the central margin turned in very villous or soft with pile. The flowers arc of the same general colour as those of D, Dalhousianum^ though more deeply tinged with rose, and smaller, about 3 in. across. Lip yellowish, with 2 deep red-purple blotches, and crested or fimbriated veins. Column and anther dark purple. D, moschatum. Stems terete, pendulous, 4—5 ft., stippled. Leaves lanceolate obtuse. Racemes 5 — 8-fld. Sepals lanceolate acute. Petals rhomboido-ovate 74 The Orchids of Burma. obtuse, broader. Lip slipper shaped, very obtuse, villous outside. Flowers orange yellow, 3 in. across. Lip of the same above, with 2 deep crimson blotches on the inside, and 5 crested fimbriated veins. Column and anther greenish yellow. D, fimhriatum is in general character like the 3 foregoing species, but the flowers, which are golden -yellow, are much smaller, 2 in. across. The lip is not slipper shai^ed, and the edge all round is beautifully fringed. The stems have no special markings. Of the 4 species here described, D, Dalhousianum and D, Calceolaria have creamy white Jloivers tinged with rose. D, Moschalum and D, Jiiubrialtun have yellow flowers, D, Dalhousianum may always be infallibly distinguished by the purple lines on the first season’s stems, whereas those of D, Calceolaria are stippled and not striped. As the stems of D, Moschalum however, are also stippled I know no mark whereby to distinguish this species from D, calceolaria when out of flower. When in flower, the colour alone (yellow) is sufficient mark. D, fimbriatum may at all times be distinguished from the other three both by the absence of any special marking, and by the circumstance that its stems (according to my experience) invariably taper at both ends, being stoutest in the middle. I may add that D, Mos- chalum and D Calceolaria^ smell strongly of rhubarb and magnesia, the other two do not. They are all abundant in the Tenasserim Provinces, except D, Calceolaria^ which I never found but once. N.B. D Calceolaria (our plant) of Hooker is not D. Calceolus of Roxburgh— which latter I believe to be D, Moschalum, Hence, it is probable, much of the confusion. I have noticed that the flowers of Moschalum and many other yellow-fld. species gradually become of a much deeper yellow colour than they are at first opening. B. G. 17. D. capillipes, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 997; Xenia Orchid, ii. t. 169, figs. 4 — 6. A dwarf growing species resembling a pigmy form of D, albosangui- neum. It usually attains a height of about 6 in., producing short race- mes of bright golden-yellow flowers. Williams, Stem very short fusiform, leaves i — 2 lanceolate acute, flowers 1—4 on a capillary lateral peduncle golden-yellow, bracts small lanceolate, sepals small oblong-lanceolate, petals much broader, mentum short, lip with a convolute base and reniform retusc undulate limb. 2—6 in., 3— 4-nodal. Leaves lanceolate. Lip with a deep orange blotch ; anther elongate, conico-pyramidal. Book, f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 751. The Orchids of Burma. 75 Burma ; on hills N. of Thayetmyo, Parish. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 26 ; C. P. 186. Var. Elegans^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1880, i. 743 ; stems taller, base of lip dark orange. Hook.f. 18 . D. cariniferum, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1869, 61 1. Sheaths sparsely hairy, leaves linear-oblong, flowers 2 — 3 on a short peduncle, sepals lanceolate keeled, petals broader than the sepals elliptic-oblong apiculate, mentum as long as the dorsal sepal corniform acute incurved, side lobes of lip rounded crenate, midlobc obovate or rounded crisped papillose, disk fimbriate, ovary triquetrous. Burma ; at Bhamo, Berkeley. Stem 6 — 10 in,; internodes in. Leaves 2 — 3 in., coriacious. Sepals in., pale buff; disk of lip with golden streaks. Flowers coriacious when dry, fragrant. Hooh f FI. Bril. Ind. v. 720. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 27. Var. lateritia^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1883, i. 656, has brick-red on the lip. Hook. /. D. Carnosum, see D. atropurpureum. 19 . D. Ghrysanthum. Wall. Cat. 2012. A handsome Orchid having pendulous stems 3 — 4 ft. long, fur- nished with twisted ovate-lanceolate acuminate leaves, and generally producing flowers along the stem at the time of making its growth; they are produced at different times of the year, and grow in pairs or threes, continuing in perfection for 10 days or a fortnight. The flowers are of an intense deep yellow, fleshy, with oblong sepals and obovate petals, and a cucullate denticulate lip of the same colour marked in the centre with a large double spot of intense blood-purple. The plants grow best in suspended baskets. The D. Faxtoni of gardeners and of Paxton is D. fimbriatum oculatum. Williams. Stems pendulous, leaves lanceolate acuminate, flowers 2 — 4-nate on an obscure leaf-opposed peduncle fleshy yellow, lip with a blood-red spot, sepals broad concave, petals orbicular fimbriate, mentum broad crested, 76 The Orchid.^ OF; Burma. ^ . lip clawed orbicular from a cuneate basjj; viltous,' ipargins toothed or subfimbriate, everted. *'■' Stems 5 7 ft., ribbed, leafy throughout ; internodes short ; sheaths arge, cupular. 4— 7 in., 5.ncrved. Flmven in. diara., waxy ; back of petals subcristate, pedjpel with ovary V/i—2% in. ; bracts small, ovate, acute. Capsule 2 in., subclavate. In Veitch’s Manual the flowers are described as 4-6 and racemose, but in the native specimens they are 2—4 and hardly raceraed. Hook./. FI. Brit. Ind. v, 747. Tropical Himalaya, from Nepal eastwards, alt. 2—5000 ft. Khasia Hills, Griffith, Named in Parish’s list of Burmese Orchids, but not given as Bur- mese by Hooker. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 8o ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 8 ; in Bot. Reg, t. 1299 ; Gartenfl. t. 446 \ Trans. Hort. Soc. Russ. 1864, t. 154 ; Vcitch Man. Dendrob. 28. Syn.-— Z>. Paxtoni, Lindl. in Bot. Reg 1839, Misc. 56 (not of Paxt. dcs Serres vii. t. 725. Var. Ano/fhthalma, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1883, i. 44, has an unspotted lip. IIooLf, Var. Microphthalma^ Rchb. f. 1 . c. 1876, i. 366, has sepals without dorsal crests, petals subserrate or very shortly fimbriate. Hook, f 20. D. Chrysotoxum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, under t. 19 and t. 36. A fine yellow-flowered species. Pseudobulbs clustered, thick, clubshaped from a slender base ribbed and jointed, with 3 — 4 oblong leathery leaves at the end. Flower stalks just below the leaves, bearing a drooping raceme of golden-yellow flowers, with a beautifully fringed lip. Abundant in the Tenasserim Provinces. This is surely the D, clava- turn of Roxburgh. C, Parish, {D, ciavatum, Roxb. FI, Ind. iii. 471 is referred by Hook. f. to H, densijlorum, P. G,) Flowers golden-yellowy the lip cucullate and roundish, fringed and ciliated, pubescent, rich orange with paler margin ; there is an arch of 77 ' Tiji? 0 b6rips of Burma. very deep orange at-tlie base bif"|;he flower. It blooms in the winter and spring months, lasting 2 — 3 weeks in perfection. There are 2 varieties one much superior to the other. Williams, Arracan and Burma, on the hills and plains. Hook,f, Rot. Mag. t. 5053 ; III. Hort. 1858, t. 164 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. l. T24 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 29 ; Benson in Gard. Chron. 1870, 796 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 305 ; Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 750 ; C. P. 7. Syn. — D, siiavissimum Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1874, 406 ; Xen. Orchid, iii. 2, t. 202; Warn. Orchid. Alb. t. 13 ; Garden 1878, 166, t. 1 16. Var. suavissimumy Rchb, f. in Gard. Chron. 1874, 406. Stem short, stout, fusiform deeply furrowed, clustered, leaves about 3, oblong acute. The flowers which exhale a delicious [)erfiime are produced in gracefully drooping racemes the individual blossoms being long-stalked, 3 in. across^ and of a rich golden yellow having on the crispulate ringed lip a large sanguineous purple central reniform blotch, with a few crim- son bars on each side behind it. It is very free blooming. Flowers during May and June and lasts 2 — 3 weeks in full beauty. “Upper Burma.’’ Williams, D, suavissimum is regarded by Veitch as a variety of Chrysotoxum with shorter stouter stems and broader leaves. lIooLf 21. D. Chrysocrepis, Par. and Rchb. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6007 ; in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxx. 150 ; C. P. 309. Stems subclavate above, leaves lanceolate, flowers on the leafless stems solitary or shortly peduncled golden-yellow, sepals oblong sub- acute, petals broadly obovate, mentum short, lip pyriform calceolar villous, disk rufously villous within. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Stems 6 — 10 in. ; internodes sometimes 2 by in. and flattened. Leaves 2 — 3 in., acute or unequally notched. Flowers in. diam. resupinate ; pedicel Yx flowers arc those of a small D. Calceo- lariay but are solitary on leafless stems. Hook.f FI, Brit. Ind. v. 744 — 5 Veitch Man. Dendrob. 29. 78 The Orchids of Burma. 22 . D. Oiliatum, Par. in Bot. Mag. 5430 ; C. P. 156. Tall, leaves linear unequally notched, scapes strict long terminal and axillary,, racemes laxly many- and large-flowered, bracts minute, lateral sepals falcate decurved, petals spathulate, mentum short conical obtuse, lip cuneately-oblong^ side lobes incurved, midlobe small ovate fimbriate with long clavate hairs on the nerves. Tenasserim, Parish, Arracan, Benson (fid. Rchb. f,). Stem 12 — 18 in., terete, leafy above. Leaves 3 — 4 in. by in. Scape with the raceme 6 — 8 in., rather stout, pedicels ^ in., flowers nearly i in. long, pale-green ; lip yellow-green ; dorsal sepal and petals erect ; side lobes of lip veined with red. In stout habit and large flowers this is very unlike others of section. HooLf in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 719. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 30. 23 . D. Coelogyne, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1871, 136. Leaves broadly elliptic-oblong notched, flowers very large, sepals lanceolate acuminate, petals narrower, sidelobes of lip narrow, midlobe trapezoidly ovate. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobiilbs xYz — 2 in, long. Leaves 3 — 6 in., very coriaceous, sessile or petioled. Piozvers the largest of the section, yellowish mottled with red; bracts large, sheathing ; 2^ in. long ; lip deep dull purple. Hook,f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 712. Compare D, Amplum^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. p. 74. Wall. Cat. No. 2001 ; C. P. 221 and 330. D. crassinode Benson and Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1869, p. 164, see D pendulum, 24 . D. crepidatum, Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card. i. 63, fig. 45 (not of Griffith). A splendid deciduous drooping species, with terete striate stems I ft. or more in length, oblong acute leaves, and flowers in pairs from the joints of the leafless stems. The oblong sepals and broader petals arc white, tipped with pink ; and the roundish cordiform pubescent lip The Orchids of Burma. 79 is stained with yellow in the basal half, while edged with pink in front, the base of the lip being curiously folded in on each side. It blooms in April and May and continues for 3 weeks in perfection. It is best grown in a basket or on a block. Williams. Named in Parish’s list of Burmese Orchids but not given as such in FI. Brit. Ind. B. G. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 740 ; Gleanings, No. 99, f. 95 ; Dot. Mag. 4993 and 5011 ; C- P. 66 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 33. Syn. — D. Lawanumy Lindl. in Journ. Liniv Soc. iii. 10 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 261. Dendrochilum roseum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew. Journ. iv. (1852), 291. D. crepidatum, Griff. Notul. iii. 319 (not of Lindley). Of GriffillVs description Lindley rightly says, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 21, “it is so confused and self contradictory that 1 have not been able to identify the species.” Hook.f^ 25 . D. cretaceum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. vol. xxxiii. 1847, A compact growing deciduous plant with pendent curved terete striated stems i ft. long or more, producing its solitary flowers from the joints of the leafless steins during June and July and lasting 6 w'eeks in perfection. The flowers arc opaque dull white, the sepals and petals lanceolate, the lip roundish, cucullate, pubescent and fimbriate, pale yellow in the centre marked with a few crimson lines, white at the edge. The leaves borne on the growing stems are lanceolate, obliquely emar- ginate at the tip. Williams. Stems stout curved pendulous, sheaths large loose, leaves lanceo- late, flowers solitary on the leafless stems shortly stoutly pedicellcd nearly white, lip crimson-veined, sepals and petals subequal linear-oblong obtuse, mentum conical obtuse, lip shortly clawed orbicular from a short convolute base pubescent ciliatc. Stems 6 — 12 in., ^ in diam., internodes — i in. Leaves 3 — 4 in. Blowers ij^ — 2 in. diam. ; bracts small. Capsule in., clavate. Hook. y. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 736. U 8o The Orchids of Burma. Assam, The Khasia Hills, and southward to Tenasscrim. Hook, f Mergui. IVilliams, Bot. Mag. 4686; Lein. Jard. FI. iv. t. 344 ; FI. des Serres viii t. 818 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 33 ; C. P. 65. 26 . D. Cruentum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1844, i, 604. Stems erect terete, base swollen, leaves obliquely oblong emargi- nate, flowers i— 2-nate axillary green, lip with crimson sidelobes, bracts lanceolate convolute, sepals triangular-ovate acuminate, keeled, petals linear acute, mentum rounded, lip 3-lohed. sidelobes erect oblong crimson, midlobe ovate apiciilate green with a tumid warted scarlet crest and 3 red ridges. Malayan Peninsular, on the west coast. ( Hort. Sanders), Burma, /Rangoon Agri-IIortic, Society's Collectors, This species is not given as Burmese by Hooker. B, G, Stems I ft. deciduous. Flowers \y > — 2 in.diam., ; margins of midlobe of lip scarlet ; column green, margins crimson. Hook, 1 , FI. Brit. Ind. v. 736. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 33 j VV^arn. Orchid. Alb. iv. t. 174. 27 . D. crumenatum, Swartz in Act. Holm. 1800, 246. Pseudobulbs tufted, swollen at the base and there deeply grooved and sometimes constricted at intervals ; swollen portion 3 —4 in. long, and varying in diam. from — i^in. ; suddenly tapering off into a very long slender stem, i ft. or more, marked with scars of the fallen leaves. Leaves fleshy, linear emarginate. F'lowers single or in pairs, in a raceme at the end of the long stem ; large, 2 in. across, pure while with a yellow quadrate spot on the lip ; sweet scented. Flowers last only one day. This plant is rather frequent about 'J avoy, with its very near ally (a smaller plant of the same character) £>, an^iilatum. Parish, Stem tall branched, base fusiform, leaves oblong obtuse or notched, flowers many on the leafless ends of the branches large while, dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate 7-ncrvcd, petals linear-oblong 5-nerved, mentum equalling the lanceolate acuminate lateral sepals conical acute The Orchids of Burma. 8i incurved, sidclobes of lip narrow, midlobe much larger suborbicular crisped, disk with crenatc ridges. Stems 2—^ ft., slcut. Leaies 2 — in., coriaceous. Fioivers 1-1% in. long; sheathed peduncle % — J/3 in.; pedicel in. ; lip with a primrose disk and sometimes pink veins In a drawing in Hort. Calcutt. of a plant very like this from Penang named D, flexuosum^ Wall., the sepals and petals are obtuse, and the midlobe of the lip quite entire, rounded at the tip ; the mentum is shorter and straight. The Ceylon locality attributed to Z>. crumenatum is no doubt an error. Hook, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 729. renasserim, 'Fhe Andaman Islands and Malay Peninsular, common Jlook.f. There appears to be some discrepancy between these two descrip- tions. Compare D. podagraria. B. G, Sw. Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. p. 480 ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. p. 88 ; in Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 22 ; in Trans. Hort. Soc. vii. 70 ; Cjrff. Notul. iii. 315 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4013 ; Miquel Choix, t. 22 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 291 ; C. P. 30. Syn, — Onychia m crumenatum, Blume Bijdr. 326. Rumph. Herb. Amb. vi. t. 47, f. 2. 28. D. crystallinum, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1868, 572 (? 570) ; Xenia Orchid, ii. 210, t. 193, f. 1. A distinct and beautiful species, with terete somewhat slender striate pendulous stems, which are destitute of the knobbed joints so conspicuous in some of the allied plants. The distichous linear-lanceo- late acuminate leaves are produced on the young stems, and fall away before the flowers are developed. The flowers are of moderate size and freely produced, the sepals and petals white tipped with magenta, the li]) orange at the base and slightly tipped with magenta. Flowers during the summer months. Wi/liavts, Stems pendulous, leaves falcalely lanceolate acute, flowers i — 3- nate on a very short penducle long-pedicelled white, tips purple, lip orange, sep.ils oblong-lanceolate acute, petals much broader, mentum 82 The Orchids of Burma. short, lip shortly clawed suborhicular, disk puberulous, base shortly convolute, anther elongate papillose. Stews \ 2 — 18 in. ; internodes i in., terele, striate. Leaves 4 6 in., membranous. Flowers 2 in. diam. ; bracts ovale lanceolate ; pedi- cels I— in. ; Ifp with a ])ale margin and ochreoiis base. Named from the remarkable anther. Ilook.f. M. Bril. Ind. v. 739. Sikkim Plimalaya, alt. 3 — 5''oo ft.,y. D, //., Trcutler. Arracan, Benson. Tonasserim ; at Moulmein, Pivish. Hot. Mag. t. 6319; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 34; C. V. 206 /? 29. D. cumulatum, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1855, p. 756. Stem rather slender, racemes subcorymhose dorsal sepal sul)aciitc, petals much broader obovatc or rounded obtuse erose, mentum more or less laterally epmpressed, sometimes longer than the sepals, subcylindric incurved, lip obovate-spathulatc crosely toothed, the claw may be traced down the sjiair, and is as long as the blade, and has an elongated grooved callus much raised towards the base of the claw. HooLf FI. Brit. Ind.'v. p. 731, and vi. p. 185. Tenasserim, Parish^ Benson, Bot. Mag. 5703 ; Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. t868, 6 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 34 r C. P. 200. 30. D. CUSpidatum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 2015; Gen. and Sp. 84 ; in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 61 p. i. Stem short stout erect, leaves 2—5 linear-oblong, scape short sub- solitary erect 3 — 6-fld,, bracts lanceolate as long as the pedicels, sepals narrowly lanceolate, petals oblanceolate, mentum short incurved, side lobes of lip large rounded, midlobc ovate acuminate quite entire, disk with a channelled ridge rising into 2 lamelloe at the ba.se and fleshy at the tip. IVnasserim, Jlallie//, Loll, Parish. Stem 1 — 2 in. Leaves as long, rather coriaceous. Scape rather stout ; flowers white ; sepals ^ — yi in. long \ lip rather shorter, inserted above the base of the short mentum. Hook,j, Id. Brit. Ind. v. 716 17. C. P. 151. The Orchids of Burma. 83 D. cuspidatum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 4. See D. Na- ihanielis. , D. Dalhousianum see D. pukhelhm, 31 . D. densiflorum, Wall. Cat. 2000. A magnificent compact-growing free-flowering evergreen Orchid. 'Hie stems arc clavatc, pendulous, leafy at the apex, a fool or more high, the leaves oblong acute nervose, and the racemes lateral, pendent from the upper joints of the stem, many-fld. ; it blooms in March, April or May and lasts from 4 — 6 days in perfection if kept cool. 'Flie ovale spreading sepals and petals are rich bright yellow, and the broad ihom- [)oid serrulate retuse lip of a deep orange colour. Williams, Stems narrowly clavatc pendulous terete or 4-angled, leaves sub- terminal acute, flowers many crowded in decurved racemes white or yellow, lip orange, bracts very large membranous, sepals obtuse, petals broader erose, mentum large subglobose, lip large funnef-shaped hippo- crepiform retuse in front pubescent serrulate. 12 — 18 in. Leaves subtcrminal, 4 — 6 in. Flowers 2 in. diam. ; pedicel with ovary in.; bracts twisted and revolute, strongly nerved. Capsule 3 in. Vcitch observes that almost the only characters of thyrsiflonan are the terete more slender stems white sepals and petals ; he refers to it the Var. alholiitea of Hot. Mag. He has a Var. Walkeriana (Warner Sel. Orchid, iii. t. 21) with longer stems and racemes, and larger flowers; also a Var. Schrmderi (Flor. Mag. t. 502) of true densiflorum with looser racemes, larger flowers, french-white petals and sepals, and pale yellow anterior margin of the lip IJook,f FI. Brit. Ind. V. 748 — 9. Tropical Himalaya; from Nepal eastwards to the Khasia Hills, and southwards to Tenasserim. Book,/, lindl. in Wall. FI. As. Rar. i. 34, 1. 40 ; Clcn. and Sp. Orch. 90 ; in Bot. Reg. t. 1828 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii. 7 ; Faxt. Mag. v. 221 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3418 ; FI. dcs Serres, t. 1397 ; Orclv Alb. vi. 1. 303; Vcitch Man. Dendrob. 37. Syn. — Epidendrum Dumunsattei^ Herb. Ham. 84 The ORcnins of Burma. Var. Albo-lutea, Bot. Mag. t. 5780 ; C. P. 190. A fine showy species ; the apex of the stems yellowish and produc- ing splendid clusters of white flowers with a golden-orange lip. Williams^ Syn.— /?. thyrsiflorum^ Rchb. f. in 111 . Hort. xxii. t. 207 ; Oarlenfl. 1. 1021 ; Kl. Mag. N. S. t. 449; Veitch Man. Dcndrob. 80, with fig. ; (lard. Chron. 1877, i. 653, fig. 105 ; Lindenia i. t. 46. Var. Walkeriana^ Warner Sel. Orchid, iii t. 2r. A very fine variety of the foregoing ; stems about 3 ft. high, and racemes of flowers 2 ft. long bearing more than 50 flowers on one raceme. The blossoms are very large and of the same colour as alba- lutea, Moulmein. IVii/iams. Syn. — D. tbyrsifiorum Walkerianum. Var. Shreaderi^ l^'lor. Mag. t. 502. See JTook.f, above. 32. D. Devonianum, Paxt. Mag. vii. p. 169 ; and in Bot. Mag t. 4429J3- This is one of the most delicate and lovely species of the genus. The stems are pendulous, slender, elongate, terete, proliferous, with a few linear-lanceolate leaves which fall away before the flowers are deve- loped. The flowers are produced from the nodes for fully 3 parts of the entire length of the stems, which sometimes attain the extent of 4 ft.; they arc 2 in. across ; the sepals cream coloured faintly shaded with pinkish purple, the petals broader than the sepals, beautifully ciliated, yellowish with a deep magenta-purple tip, and the lip broadly heart- shaped, cuciillate, white with a spot of rich orange on each side of the disk, the emarginate apex with a well defined blotch of purple ; the entire margin is most beautifully plumoso-fimbriate. It blooms in May and June and lasts 2 weeks in perfection. IVil/iams. Stems long pendulous, leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate, flowers 1—2 on a very short peduncle from the leafless stems white or pale yellow with purple-lipped sepals and lip, sepals lanceolate acute, petals The Orchids of Burma. 85 broadly ovate ciliate, mentum saccate, lip orbicular-cordate from a short convolute base densely deeply fimbriate. Stems 2 — 3 ft., terete. Leaves 3 — 4 by Yi in. Flowers 3 in. diam. Ilook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 743. Bhotan Himalaya, Griffith. Assam, The Khasia and Naga Hills, and southwards to 'I'cnasserim, Ilook.f Ui)per Burma, Williams. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 48; Jard Fl.t. ii ; FI. des. Serres, t. 647 ; Belg. Hortic. iii. t. 31. ( ? 204) ; Warn, Sel. Orchid. IM .ii. t. 11 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 38, with fig ; 111 . Hortic. 1857, t. 145 ; C, P. 310. Syn. — D.pictum^ Griff, fid. Lindl. in Joiirn. Linn. Soe. iii. 12. D. pulchellum^ Lindl. 1 . c. (not of Lodd. Roxb. or Bot. Mag.). Var. rhodoneura R. f. 1 . c. 1868, 682. Has shorter sepals, a rounded lip with violet veins, and an odour of Patchouli. Hook./. Var. candidula R, f, 1 . c. 1S76, i. 654, wants the purple lip, Hook.f. 33. D. dixanthum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1865, p. 647 ; 1883, i. 814. A very pretty species with somewhat terete stems, slender at their base and attaining a foot and a half in length. It is a free grower and abundant flowcrer, producing its brightly coloured flowers, which are of two shades of yellow, in the spring. I'he flowers are in lateral racemes of from 2 — 5 from the older leafless stems, the sepals lanceolate, the petals oblong, both clear pale yellow, and the broadish subquadrate minutely denticulated lip also pale yellow, with a deeper yellow blotch in the centre, Williams. Stems long slender, leaves linear-lanceolate, racemes on the leafless stems often whorled 2 — 5-fld., flowers golden yellow, sepals oblong subacute, petals broader obtuse ciliolate, mentum subgl'obose, lip dilated from the 2-auricled base flat puberulous ciliolate. Stems 2 — 3 ft., smooth. Leaves 4—6 by Yi in., erect caducous. Racemes 3 — 4 at each node ; bracts minute ; peduncle and j)cdicels 86 The Orchids of Burma. slender; flowers in. diain. ; lip darker than the sepals, minutely barred with red at the base. IIooLf FL Brit. Ind. v. 746. 'lenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish^ &c. Bot. Mag. 5564 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 39; C. P. 21. 34 . D. draconis, Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 214 and Xen. Orchid, ii, 130, t. 146 ; in (lard. Chron. 1883, i. 598. A very distinct and beautiful species having wavy white flowers. It is evergreen and has moderately short fusiform stems about i ft. high covered with diciduous dark hairs. The leaves are coriaceous lanceolate obliquely obtuse ; and the flowers are produced in lateral or terminal racemes. "Phe lanceolate acute sepals and petals are pure waxy white ; the lip is white with bright Roman-red or Vermillion markings on the throat. It blossoms in May or June and July, and lasts 6 weeks in perfection, Williams. Stems clavate, sheaths pubescent, leaves coriaceous, flowers solitary or fascicled large, sepals lanceolate acuminate, mentiim long straight, petals large undulate, lip lanceolate, side lobes small rounded, midlobc long acuminate crenate. Near D. longicornu (Non Burman) but stems much stouter, clavate after leafing, leaves much broader, and midlobe of lip larger. Bifok. / FI. Brit. Ind. v. 722. Tenasserim; at Moulmein, Parish. Batem 2nd Cent. t. i66 ; Warn. Orchid AlU iii. 103 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 39 ; C. P. 132^, Syn. — D. Eburneum^ Parish in Bot. Mag. 1. 5459; Rev. Hort. *SS3, 332, with fig. ; C. P. 131. Parish gives Draconis and Ebttrneum as distinct species. B. G. D. Ebumeum sec D. draconis. 36 . D. Eulophotum, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 5. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, flowers shortly pedicelled, nicntum about as long as the rest of the flower, tip broad 2-Iobed, lip linear- The Orchids of Burma. ^7 oblong with incurved margins and a truncate broad flat lamella on the disk, and a dilated rounded crenulate tip. , Tenasserim, Griffith, Heifer {Km Distrik 5066), Parish, Stem stout 6—10 in. Leaves 1—2 in., obtuse, acute or acuminate, striate when dry. Flowers about ^ in. yellow and red ; lamella on the lip with 2 spur-like recurved processes in the Javan specimens and in a drawing by Scortechini, truncate orretuse in Ihe Tenasserim specimens and in another drawing by Scortechini. Hook„f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 723. C. P. 32. 36 . D. Falconer!, Hook. Bot. Mag. tt. 4944 and 5058. A magnificent plant of pendulous growth and one of the most beautiful of the genus. The stems are long, slender, branched and knotted, with few small linear leaves, terminal on the growing shoots. The flowers are 4j4 in. across, produced singly all along the older leafless stems ; the sepals are oblong-lanceolate, the petals ovate acumi- nate, the lip cucullate with the front portion ovate acute, all white, or blush-white, freely tipped with rich deep purple, the lip having in addi- tion a broad orange-coloured disk which is marked by a large central dark purple spot ; during the growing season it likes a good supply of water, but after it has finished growth it should be kept rather dry till it begins to show flowers. Williams, Stems slender much branched pendulous, leaves small i — 3 in. narrow acute, flowers solitary on the sublcaflcss sterns rosc-cold.or white with purple tips, lip purple and orange, sepals narrowly oblong acumi- nate, petals ovate lanceolate, mentum incurved, lip broadly ovate acute or acuminate from a short convolute base, mouth undulate, margins recurved pubescent ciliate. Stems 2—3 ft., straggling; internodes ^ in., contracted in the middle, striated. Leaves i — 4 in. Flowers 2 — 4j4 in. diam., colour variable; pedicel i — ij^in. ; bracts larger membranous. Hook,f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 742. Bhotan Himalaya, alt. 4000 ft. ; Assam, Khasia Mts., Munnipore and Upper Burma. Hook,f FI. des Serres t. 1197 ; Lindl. in Card. Chron. 1856, 692 ; Belg. 12 88 The Orchids of Burma. Hortic. 1874, t. 15 ; Floral Mag. 2nd Ser. t. 226 ; III Hortic. N. S. t. 243 ; Linden, i. t. 4 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 40 ; C. P. 359. SvN. — D. Watdianum Van assamica^ Jennings Orchid, t. 2. Van gigantia^ rather resembles D, Wardianum^ which may prove only a form. Hook, / Williams Orchid. Alb. vi. t, 257. Van albidula, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1876, 688, 689, Van robusia, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1879, 37 . D. Farmerii Paxt. Mag. xv. 241, with Rg. ; FI. Card. iii. 104 A compact growing evergreen species. The stems are clavatc from a small knob-like base and deeply furrowed so as to become quadran- gular ; at the top of the stem are from 2 — 4 ovate leathery leaves, and later on the drooping racemes of numerous flowers; these have the ovate obtuse sepals, and the larger petals yellowish white flushed with pink, and the lip is straw-cold, and pubescent, rich yellow in the centre and denticulate at the margin. Blooms in April and May and lasts two weeks. Williams, Stems erect clavate 4 — 5 grooved, leaves 2— -4 elliptic or oblong, flowers many in lax pendulous lateral racemes golden or pink with yellow lip, bracts small, sepals ovate-oblong, petals much broader, mentuin rounded, lip shortly clawed orbicular with lateral inflexed folds pubes- cent, margin erose. Stems iQ — 18 in., 4-angled, base slender. Leaves 4—8 in., coria- ceous, striate. Flowers 2 in. diam., variable in colour, sepals and petals usually pink or golden yellow tinged with pink, disk ochreous. There are 2 principal varieties, aureojlava and albiflora. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 750. A most lovely Orchid, frequent throughout the Tenasserim Pro- vinces. The true lasts in bloom a full month. There is an inferior variety* with weaker stems and smaller flowers which fade in 3 or 4 days. Parish, * This is D, palbebta B, G, The Orchids of Burma. 89 Tropical Eastern Himalaya, and Assam to Burma. Hook. f. Mergui. Williams. Lindl. in Bot. Mag. 1. 4659 ; in Mag. of Bot. v. 15, with fig ; FI. des Serres, vii. t. 741 ; Lem. Jard. Fleur, t. 307 ; Pescatorea i. t. 4 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 24 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 42, with fig.; C. P. 14 a. Syn. — D. densiflorum Var. Farmeri Regel Gartenfl. t. 788. Var. Albiflora, Belg. Hortic. i860, t. 21 ; Gartenfl. 1868, t. 595 ; FI. des Serres 1882, t. 2461. Var. aureqflava, has golden yellow flowers. It appears to be rare. I have only found it once, on Dyauna-toung having in vain sought for it after its first discovery. Parish. Bot. Mag. t. 545 1, Williams Orchid Alb. iii. t. 99. 38 . D. Fimbriatnm, Hook. Exot. FI. t. 71. (not of Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ.). A very showy evergreen species with stoutish terete erect stems 2 — 3 ft. long, producing its drooping racemes from near the apex of the last year’s stem. The leaves are distichous lanceolate acuminate, of a dark green colour. The flowers of an uniform bright yellow, the petals ciliato-denticulate, the lip, having a deeper yellow disk, is beautifully fringed with lacerate fimbriae at the margin. Generally blossoms in spring and lasts one week. Williams. Leaves lanceolate acuminate, racemes usually on leafing stems pendulous, flowers many orange-yellow, sepals and erose petals subequal, mentum short, lip orbicular equally deeply fringed, base truncate. Stems 4—5 ft., base swollen. Leaves 6 in. Racems 7 — x2-fld. ; flowers 2 — 3 in. diam. ; bracts small. Hook. / FI. Brit. Ind. v. 745. D.fimbriatum may at all times be distinguished from D. Dalhousi- anum, Calceolaria., and Moschaium both by the absence of all special marking on the stem and by the circumstance that its stems (according to to my experience) invariably taper at both ends, being stoutest in the middle. Parish, 90 The Orchids of Burma. Sub-tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon, alt. 5500 ft., Strachey and Winterbottam^ eastwards, to the Khasia Hills, Munnipiir, Airracan and Burma. Hook.f Mergui, Williams, Wall. Cat. 2011 (? 2001) ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 83 (not 76, which is D. Macraei) ; Paxt. Mag. Bot. ii. 172, with tab. ; Jard. FI. t. 314; Knowls and Wcstc. FI. Cab. t. 109 (pale variety). FI. (]ard. iii. t. 84 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 42, with fig. ; Warn. Sel. Orchid. Ser. 2, t. 19 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 293 ; Dendrob. Sp., Griff. Notiil. iii 113 ;. C. P. 88. Var. oculata. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4160. A beautiful variety producing its pendent flower-spikes from near the top of the stems, which grow from 3 —4 ft. high. The flowers are large, of a rich orange-yellow, with a single large deep sanguineous spot towards the base of the fringed lip. It blooms in March and April and lasts 10 days if kept dry. Mergui. Williams. Stems stouter deeply grooved, leaves 6 — 8 in. strongly nerved, lip with a deep purple blotch. Hook.f. III. Hortic. I, t. 15 ; Lem. Jard. FI. t. 314; Warner Sel. Orchid, ii. t, 19. Syn. — Z). Paxioni^ Paxt. Mag. vi. 169 (not of Lindl.) ; FI. dcs Serres vii. t. 725 ( ? 125). 39 D. Findlayanum, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 149 ; in Gard. Chron. 1877, i. 334 ; C. P. 192. A pretty and desirable species in habit something like nodatum. Stems from i— 2 ft. long, the knobs clubshaped and sulcate, developed above the sheathing bases of the leaves, which are linear-oblong acute, and produced on the young shoots, the flowers being borne on the older leafless ones, on i — 3-fld. peduncles, from near the top of the stems. The sepals and petals are w^hitc suffused with pink, the broadly rounded tomentose lip deep orange-yellow on the discal |)ortion, paling to golden yellow at the margin. Blooms in January and February. Williams. An orchid'with jointed stems, joints larger upwards and tapering rather suddenly downwards, pear shaped, with a large brown sheath at The Orchids of Burma. 91 each internode. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, unequally toothed at the point. Peduncles 2-fld. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, revolute. Petals ovate, broad. Lip nearly round and undivided, slightly crenate at the margin. Sepals and petals lilac, deepening towards the tips. Lip pale lilac at the edge, yellow in the centre, with a deep purple stain at the claw. Column striped with the same. Anther white. An elegant plant, first found by Mr. James Findlay on the route to Zimmay, and given by him to me ; hence named after him. Parish, Steins flexuous, internodes long clavate, leaves lanceolate, flowers 2 on a very short peduncle from the leafless stems very long pcdicelled pale lilac, lip yellow, sepals oblong- lanceolate sub-acute, petals much broader, mentum sub-cylindric, lip shortly clawed orbicular from a short convolute base pubescent, tip acute. Stems I — 2 ft. ; internodes i — 2j^ in., compressed, in. broad above the middle. Leaves 3 — 4 in., obtuse, acute or unequally notched. Flowers 3 in. diam., widely spreading ; pedicels 2 — 3 in. ; bracts short. Hook,f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 742. Burma ; in the confines of Siam, Findlay (Parish), Bot. Mag. t. 6438 ; Warner Orchid. Alb. ii. t. 92 Veitch Man. Dendrob. 43. 40 . D. formosum, Roxb. in Wall. Cat. 1998; FI. Ind. iii. 485. A remarkably handsome, compact-growing evergreen species, with stoutish terete pendulous hairy stems about i ft. high, bearing thick ovate obliquely emarginate leaves, and racemes of 4—5 fragrant flowers at the top of the stem, the blossoms frequently 3 in. across. The sepals and much broader petals are white, the lip white with a bright yellow furrow down the centre. They last 6 weeks in perfection. Williams, Stout, sheaths pubescent, leaves oblong, flowers very large in termi- nal or lateral racemes, sepals oblong-lanceolate acuminate, petals much larger sub-orbicular cuspidate undulate, mentum half as long as the dorsal sepal conical, lip broadly obovate entire, side lobes small round- ed, midlobe dilated rctuse apiciilate, disk golden with 2 tubcrcled ridges. Stem 12 — 18 in., as thick as the little finger. Leaves 3—5 by i 92 The Orchids of Burma. in., subamplexicaiil. Flowers 3 — 5 in. diam. ; bracts short, ovate. Hook,f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 721. Tropical Himalaya ; from Nepal to Bhotan ; The Khasia Hills, Assam, and Southwards to Tenasserim and the Andaman Islands. IlookJ, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 81 ; in Wall. PI. As. Rar. 34, t. 39 ; in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 86, 1839, t. 64; injourn. Linn. Soc. iii. i6 ; Paxt, Mag. vi. p. 49, with fig. ; Williams Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 308 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 44, with fig. ; Ann. des Gand. 1848, t. 171 ; C. P. 6. Syn. — D, Infundibulum^ Rchb. f. in Gartenfl, t. 1253. Van giganiea^ Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, i. 369. f. 54; FI. des Scrres, t. 1633—4. A magnificent variety, much stronger in growth and also evergreen ; the flowers which are produced at the top of the stems measure 4 — 5 in. across, colour snow white with a broad blotch of rich orange yellow on the centre of the lip. Moulmein. Williams. Var. Berkleys Rchb. f. in Flora 1882, 534 ; in Gard. Chron. 1883, i. no, 210; Has smaller flowers the type) shorter petals, and a narrower lip. Hook./. Var. sulphurata^ Hook, ex Rchb. f. 1. c. 1882, ii. 437. Has the throat of the lip sulphur-cold. Hook, / Sec also D. Andersonii. 41. D. fllgax, Rchb. f, in Gard.Chron. 1871, p. 1257. Pseudobulbs i — 2 in. stipitatc short fusiform i-leaved, leaves S by t in. cuneate-ligulate obtusely acute, flowers terminal subsolitary membra- nous fugacious (yellow, lip white with purple and yellow marks), dorsal sepal ligulate acute, lateral subequal broader, petals much narrower, men- tiim rectangular, lip dilated from acuneate base, side lobes obtuse-angled, midlobe clawed abruptly hastate flabelliform dilated cmarginate retuse, sides undulate, 2 membranous keels run from the base to the top of the claw, crenulate and lobulate in from, column very short. India' (Hort. Day). Hook, /. The Orchids of Burma. Oi Not given as Burmese by Hooker but named in Parish’s list. B, G, The flowers last but a few minutes. Descript, from the author (Rchb. f.) who says it is near convexum Lindl. and Xantholeucum Rchb. f. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 752. C. P. No.? 42 . D. Fytchianum, Batem. in Card. Chron. 1864, 100; and 1868, 1317. A very elegant little Dendrobium which first attracted my attention as ornamenting the hair of the Burmese girls in Moulmein. It was some time before I could find it. At last, when ascending the Salween river in company with the then Col. Fytche, he spied an Orchid on the over- hanging branch of a tree. It proved to be the desired plant. The name records the circumstance. Parish, One of the prettiest of the small flowered species, and valuable for cutting on account of its effective rosy-eyed white flowers. The stems are slender, cylindrical erect, i ft. long, the younger ones leafy, the leaves being oblong-lanceolate. The flowers grow in terminal racemes 8—10 together and are of dazzling whiteness, the sepals and petals roundish obovate, and the lip 3-lobed, bearded at the base, its small oblong incurved lateral lobes rose-cold,, and forming a minute eye to the flower, and its obcordate apiculate middle lobe about as large as the petals, and like them pure white. Williams, Erect, leaves linear-lanceolate, racemes terminal and lateral many- fid., sepals lanceolate acute, petals much larger rounded-obovate, mcn- tum long spur-like, lip subcordately obovate, side lobes minute incurved. Stem 12 — 18 in. Leaves 3 — 4 in. deciduous. Floivers — 2 in. across, white or rosy \ pedicels sheathed ; bracts small. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 719. Arracan, Rangoon and Tenasserim. Parish^ Berkeley, ^ Veitch Man. Dendrob. 46 \ Parish in Bot. Mag. i. 5444 \ C. P. 126. Erroneously figured as D, barbatulum in Bot. Mag. t. 5918, Parish, Var. rosea^ Berkeley in Card. Chron. 1887, 209. This pretty variety was introduced in 1886 by Major-General E. S. Berkeley. It was found some 200 miles distant from the original habitat of the type, 94 The Orchids of Burma. growing on trees where rains and dews are abundant during the grow- ing season. It has rose-cold, flowers of a very pleasing hue. Blooms during Feb. and March. Williams. 43 . D. Galliceanum, Linden, vi. t. 241. This plant appears to have been imported by the Horticulture Internationale with a batch of D, thyrsiflorum^ which it closely resembles. The flowers are said to be more open, and as a consequence larger ; the colour of the lip, instead of being orange as in D. thyrsifiorum^ is of a golden-yellow colour, softening into white at the edges. It is named after M. A. Gallicc, a French Orchid Amateur. Burma. Williams. 44 . D, Gibsoniii Lindl. in Paxt. Mag. v. 169 ; FI. Card. ii. 133, fig. 204. A very showy evergreen orchid, one of the finest of the yellow-fld. series. The stems are terete, tapering, pendulous, about 2 ft. long, with ovate-lanceolate acuminate leaves, and lateral racemes of 10 — 15 flowers produced near the end of the older stems. The sepals and petals are of a rich orange ; the lip very broad, undulated and fringed, bright yellow, with 2 dark purple spots near the base. It blooms during the autumn months, lasts 2 weeks in good condition and requires the same treatment as D.formosum. Willia/us- Stems slender, leaves lanceolate acuminate, racemes many-fld. pendulous, basal sheaths tubular, flowers orange-yellow, lip with 2 brown spots, sepals suborbicular, petals broader entire, mentum short, lip suborbicular cochleate villous obtuse, margins everted sub-fimbriate, base cuneate. Near D. fimbriatum but stems shorter and more slender, flowers smaller, petals not erose, lip broader, margins rather villous than fimbriate. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 746. Burma ; common, Hook.f. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 47 ; VValp. Ann. vi. 293. Syn.— Z>. fuscatum^ Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 8 ; Bot. Mag. t. 6226. The Orchids of Burma. $5 46. D. OratioBissimnm, Rchb. f. in. Bot. Zeit. 1865. p. 99 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. 211, t. 193. A delicate and pretty species with sub-erect stems, slender at the base, striated and bearing ovate-lanceolate acute leaves which fall before the flower is produced. The latter are in fascicles 2 or 3 together, 2}i in. across; the sepals and petals lance-shaped, white, slightly shaded and tipped with rose ; the lip entire, broadly ovate, white tipped with rose, and marked at the base with a large roundish yellow spot faintly striped with orange, Williams. Stems slender pendulous striate, leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, flowers 1 — 2 on a short peduncle from the leafless stems long-pedicelled white with purple tips or purplish, disk of lip yellow, sepals oblong-lan- ceolkte acute, petals broader, mentum short conical, lip orbicular or broadly ovate from a broad cuneate base entire undulate glabrous. Stems 1—3 ft.; internodes i — in., slightly swollen upwards; sheaths purplish. Leaves 3 — 4 in. Flowers 2% in. diam. ; pedicels 1 in. ; bracts small ; lip white with a large circular golden disk, some- times purple-spotted or striated. Hook. /FI. Brit. Ind. v. 743. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish Veitch Man. Dendrob. 47. Var. Bulleriana^ Hook. f. Syn. — D. Bullerianum^ Batem. in Bot. Mag. t. 5652. Var. Boxallii. Hook. f. A very beautiful species. It has moderately stout stems, thickened on one side below the nodes, linear-ligulate bi-dentate leaves, and short clusters of dowers from the defoliated stems. The sepals and petals are white, beautifully tipped with crimson-purple, and the lip, which is white and similarly tipped, has in addition a large deep orange-coloured disk. Moulmein. Williams. Syn. — D. Boxalli^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1874, 315 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. 212, t. 194; Floral Mag. 1874, t. 114 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 19; Veitch 1 . c. 24. 13 96 The Orchids of Burma. In Veitch's Manual the sepals and petals of BoxalH are described as equal and similar, but I find the petals to be much the broadest. In that work D. gratiosissimum and BoxalH are kept distinct, and D. Bullerianutn referred to the latter. They all appear to me to be like forms of one species. Hook.f, /. c. 46. D. Orifflthianum, Lindl. in Bot Reg. under t. 1756. One of the most glorious of the yellow spring-flowering Dendrobes. It has erect clavate stems, quadrangular on the upper part, and bearing at the top a pair of lanceolate-oblong obtuse leaves. The flowefs grow in loose drooping flexuose many-Ad. racemes from the side of the stem ; the petals are ciliolate, the lip ovate, pubescent and denticulate. The immense drooping spikes of Aowers are of the richest golden- yellow, and remain ^n perfection for about a fortnight. It is very rare and there are varieties often taken for it which are much inferior to the typical form. Williams, Stems elongate clavate grooved, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse, flowers many in pendulous racemes white or yellow, lip orange, bracts small, sepals ovate-lanceolate acute spreading, petals broader ciliolate, mentum rather long incurved, lip orbicular papillose, base convolute margin denticulate. Stems 12 — 18 in., obscurely 4-angled, base very slender. Leaves ^ew, 3}^ — in., very coriaceous. Flowers 1% — 2 in. diam. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 749. Placed under D, aggregatum by Parish. C. P. 375. B, G, Burma ; at Chappedong, Wallich, Griffith, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1877, i. 590, Veitch Man. Dendrob. 48. Syn. — D, aggregating Wall. Cat. 741 1 B. Var. Guibertii^ Veitch 1 . c. Stems more abruptly narrowed below, leaves broadly elliptic, racemes longer, flowers larger, brighter colored. Hook,/, I, c, Syn. — D, Guibertn\ Carri^re in Rev. Hortic. 1876, t. 431 ; III. Hortic. N. S. t. 258 ; De Puydt Les Orchid, t. i6. 47. D. Harveyanum, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1883, 624. The Orchids of Burma. 97 A very curious and distinct species in the way of D, Brymrianum q. V. — but with smaller flowers. The sfeins are fusiform, furrowed, 6 in. long, and bear the lateral racemes of 4 or 5 flowers near the top. The colour of the flowers is deep chrome yellow, with a pair of orange colored blotches on the lip ; the sepals are lanceolate acute, the petals oblong acute, ornamented with a dense marginal fringe, and the lip is almost circular with an obscure basal callus, a rough surface, and a distinct fringe at the margin. IVilHams. Stems short fusiform, leaves 2 — 3 ovate-oblong, flowers 3 or more on a short lateral peduncle (yellow), sepals lanceolate acute, petals larger oblong fimbriate, mentum short retuse, lip orbicular concave papillose fringed. Stems 6 — 9 in., or less. Flowers 2 in. diam., bright canary-yellow ; petals fimbriate as in Z>. Brymerianum^ but less so. — I have seen no specimens. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 747. British Burma {Liverpool Hortic. Association). Veitch Man. Dendrob. 48. D. hedyosmum, Batem., see D. scabrilingue. 48 . D. heterocarpum, Wall, in Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 78 ; PI, As. Rar. ii. 84, t. 196. This is a very distinct and desirable species. It has terete-clavate pendent stems, which flower after the oblong acute leaves have fallen, producing 2 — 3-fld racemes. The sepals and petals are cream-cold., or yellow {D. rhombeum), the lip with a velvety disk, golden yellow streaked and veined with crimson lines, recurved at the tip. The flowers are produced during January, February and March, and last several weeks in perfection, having a most delicious odour compared to that of violets, or of violets combined with primroses. Williams. Stems sub-clavate sub-erect, leaves oblong-lanceolate, flower s 1^3 on a very short peduncle from the leafless stems white or straw-cold., lip yellow, sepals linear-oblong acute, petals ovate-lanceolate acuminate, mentum large conical truncate, lip ovate-lanceolate acute, recurved, base with incurved sides, disk pubescent. 98 The Orchids of Burma. Stems 9 — 18 in., ribbed ; intemodes in. Leaves 4 — 5 in., tip oblique and sub-acute or emarginate. FUmers 2 — 2^ in. diam., fragrant, often tinged with green ; pedicels short ; lip variable in colour, yellow, or white with a yellow disk and 2 red or purple blotches on the disk. Hook./. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 737. Burma, Hook.f. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 49 ; Bot. Mag, t. 4708 ; FI. des Serres viii. t. 842 ; Jard. Fleur, iv. t. 386 ; Card. Chron. 1885, i. 472 fig. 84 Bj C. P. 137. Syn. — D. aureum^ Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 77 ; Wight. Ic. t. 1646 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 19, with fig. \ Reichenbachia if. t. 63. Z>. rhombeum^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 17. Dendrob, Sp, Griff. Notul. iii. 304 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 306. Var. pkilippinensis^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1880, 72. Var. palida^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg, 1839. t, 20. Var. HenshalUi^ Bot. Mag. t. 4970. 49. D. Hildebrandii, Rolfe. A handsome species collected in the Shan States by H, H. Hilde- brand Esq, in April 1893, and sent to Messrs Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, together with living plants, which flowered in their establish- ment a year later. It has the general habit of a strong D, signatum ; Rchb. f., to which it is perhaps most nearly allied. The sepals and petals are somewhat twisted as in D. tortile^ Lindl., though their shape and colour are quite different. The sepals and petals are very light whitish yellow, and the lip deep orange-buff with a broad light yellow margin. Mr. Hildebrand collected 3 different forms, one with sepals and petals pale green and lip sulphur-yellow, one with sepals and petals creamy pink and the lip yellow, and a third like the last, with the addition of a dark chocolate blotches in the throat. He observes that it grows in magnificent huge masses, and on one of the plants he counted up- wards of 1,500 blooms. The old pseudobulbs show it to be as flori- ferous as D, nobile^ Lindl. Kew Bulletin No. 90 (1894) Hab. Shan States, alt. 1,500 ft, H. JI. Hildebrand, The Orchids of Burma. 99 60 . D. ineurFlimi Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. i8. Steins usually narrowed upwards, leaves linear-oblong obliquely notched, scapes terminal and leaf-opposed, shorter than the leaves flexuous few-flowered, bracts membranous equalling the pedicels, sepals, lanceolate, petals narrower, mentum conic acute, lip oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate concave crisped, disk with a ridge ending in a teeth. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith^ Parish. Stems 3—6 in., internodes in. Leaves 2—3 in. Scape with the raceme i — i in. ; bracts ^ in. ; pedicel with ovary twice as long ; sepals % in., white j lip greenish with purple veins. Habit of D. erice- flortm (non-Burman) Hook f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 718. Dendrob. No. 9, Griff". Notul. iii. 314 ; G. P. 176. Syn.— D. actinia Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. lii. 9. Actinia, Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 351 A. fig. 21. Giiff. Notul. iii. 320. Griffith’s Actinia is a Pelorian form. Hoohf. 61 . O. luflmdibulam, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 16, (not of Rchb. f. inGart^nfl. t. 1253). A species of the Nigro-hirsute section of great beauty, resembling D. /omasum in habit of growth and in flowers, but with more slender stems, 1 — 2 ft. high, which are terete, with lanceolate acute margi- nally bi-lobed leaves, and glorious flowers which are sometimes 4 in. across, and, like those of its allies, remarkable, for their very broad petals. The sepals and petals are pure white, the serrulate lip white, having in the throat of its funnel-shaped base a large blotch of golden-yellow. The flowers are produced in great profusion from the top of the stems during the summer, and last 5 — 6 weeks in perfection. Most useful for supplying cut flowers for decoration. Williams. Sheaths pubescent above, leaves oblong or lanceolate, flowers few together large white, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals much larger broadly obovate, mentum as long as the sepals funnel-shaped incurved, lip obo- 100 The Orchids of Burma. vate oblong toothed white, disk golden, side lobes rounded incurved, m d-lobe large shortly 2-lobed. Stem I — 2 ft. Leaves 3 — 5 in., deeply 2-fid. Flowers 3 — 4 in. diam. ; pedicels in. ; bracts % in. Hookf FI. Brit. Ind. v. 721. Tenasserim ; on Thoungyun, alt. 4 — 5000 ft. Lobb^ Parish, Although so near to D. fortnosum as to appear to be only a moun- tain variety, I could never succeed in making D, infundibulum grow in the plains. These two species, together with Jamesianuni^ eburneum^ xanthophlebium^ and one or two more all white fiowered, form a group distinguished by Lindley as nigro-hirsute, as they are all marked by the presence of black hairs on the stems when in a young state. Parish, Bot. Mag. t. 5446 \ Card. Chron. 1862, 1194 ; III. Hortic. 18/4, t, I 72 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob 50 ; C. P. 130. Var. CamiopHca^ vel ornatissima, A very distinct variety in which the blotch on the lip, a broad central line, and a few streaks on the sides, are of a pretty flesh colour, Burma. Williams, Rchb. f. in Card Chron. 1883, i. 656. Yar./amesiana, Veitch 1 . c. Stems I — lyi ft. high. Flowers nearly as large as those of D, formosum^ pure white, except the lip which is deeply stained with crim- son red. Blooms during spring and autumn. Moulmein, Williams, Stouter more rigid, side lobes of lip rough within, dull red. Hook,f, I, c, Syn. — D.Jamesianum^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1869, SS4(?S5i); Williams Orch. Alb. t. 221 ; Gartenfi. 1867, 549, f. 137 ; Godef. Orchidoph. 1886, 189 ; with fig.; Flor. and Pomol. 1869, 187, with fig.; C. P. 132 a. 62 . D. ionopus, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 808. Racemes short, bracts minute, flowers yellow with red blotches, sepals and petals triangular, mentupi elongate falcate, claw of lip elon- The ORCHibs of Burma. loi gate thick keeled with a flat retrorse tooth, limb dilated and 3- lobed, side lobes obtuse-angled, mid-lobe produced retuse emarginate, column trifid. — Description from the author^ /. c, Burma. (Hort. Low). Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 732. See also D. panduriferum Var. Serpens. B. G. D. Jamesianum. See D. infundibulum Vzx.Jamesiana. 63 . D. lamellatum, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 89. Stems short pyriform flattened, leaves few ovate sub-acute, flowers 3 — 5 in a short drooping raceme yellow, bracts minute, sepals ovate apiculate sub-erect, petals smaller obovate, mentum long flattened, lip clawed cuneate truncate erose, disk many-grooved. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Stems 3 — 4 by i}( in., proliferously branched; internodes 3 — 4. Leaves i — in.; sheaths very short, broad. Flowers in, long^ yellow in Ic. Bot. Reg.; petals white in Ic. Herb. Kew of Bornean Plant j flower pale pink with white petals in Ic. Parish. This is by an error described as a native of Ceylon ; if imported from that country, it was doubtless from the Bot. Gardens there. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. V. 749. Syn. — D, Compressum^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 76 ; 1844 t. 53 ; Walp. Ann. iv. 307 ; Rchb. f. Otia. Bot. Hamb. 1878 p. 48 ; C. P. 3 S 4 . Onychium lamellatum,^ Blume Bijd. 526 (?326) fig. 10. 54. D. lassioglossnm, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1868, 682 ; 1869, 277, A somewhat small species but deserving attention. Stems slender terete drooping i — 2 ft, long, with flat lanceolate acuminate leaves and at the nodes opposite the leaves short racemes of 2 — 3 flowers which are white, except a few reddish-purple streaks on the erect lateral lobes of the lip, and a tuft of pale yellow hairs on the disk. Williams, 102 The Orchids of Surma. Stem slender branched, flowers on the leafing stems a — 4 on very short axillary peduncles shortly pedicelled white with a purple veined lip, sepals oblong obtuse, petals broadly obovate, mentum as long as the dorsal sepal conical incurved, side lobes of sessile lip rounded entire purple veined, midlobe shorter sub-quadrate crisped, disk villous, yellow or greenish. Stem 10 — 18 in., internodes i— %2 in. Leaves 3—5 in., lanceolate, acuminate, base acute. Flowers — 2 in, diam. Hook,f* fl. Brit Ind. V. 734. Burma, Parish, Got. Mag. t. 5825 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 52, 55 . D. leucochlorum, Rchb. f. in. Gard. Chron. 1879, i. 202. Pseudobulbs cylindric channelled thickish stipitale, raceme 1 — 2- fid., sepals triangular, petals as long oblong acute, mentum conical, lip 3-lobcd in the middle, side lobes obtuse, mid-lobe produced broad retuse, disk muricate between the side lobes, column short. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein {Hort Veitch), Flowers as large as D, Spkegidogiossum^ white, mentum green, lip white, yellow-green without, side lobes with purple lines. Descript, from the author l,c. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 752 (among species unknown to him). 56 . D. lituiflorum, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1856, 372 (? 185). A charming species with slender terete fascicled pendulous yel< lowish deciduous stems 2 — 3 ft. long, with a knob-like base, and in the younger stages bearing oblong lanceolate leaves. It succeeds best in sphagnum, in a suspended basket. The flowers, produced on the older leafless stems, are large, and are borne in pairs or in 4 — 5 fid. fascicles from the nodes. The oblong lanceolate sepals and broader petals are dark bright purple, the lip convolute at the base, and there white with heavy purple transverse stripes, the limb orbicular concave, turned up like a trumpet, the broad disk deep violet-purple surrounded by a yellowish velvety band, which is edged with purple. Blooms in March and April. Requires great attention as regards The Orchids of Burma. 103 moisture while growing, . but should be kept dry in the cold season. IViliiams, Stems slender pendulous, leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers i — 5 on a short very large-bracted peduncle from the naked stems purple or white with purple and white lip, sepals linear-oblong subacute, petals broadly elliptic, mentum short saccate, lip trumpet-shaped puberulous, mouth large orbicular, margins recurved. Stems 12 — 24 in. ; internodes i — in., very smooth. Leaves 3 — 4 in. long. Flowers 2 — 2>4 in. diam., variable in colouring ; bracts in., white, scarious ; tube ot lip ^ ^ in., purple and white; limb upcurved, deep purple within, with a broad, white ring within the purple margin. Hook,f^ FI. Brit. Ind. v. 740. Assam, Rangoon and Burma, Griffith^ &c. Bot. Mag. t. 6050 ; Warner Scl. Orchid, ii. t. 3 ; Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, iii. 36, t. 214 ; Veitch Man. Dcndrob. 54. Syn. — D Hanbiiryanum Rchb. f. in Bon[)land. iv. 329. Var. Farmeri^ Gartenfl. t. 1086. Var. Candida^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1880, i. 586. Has white flowers with a pale yellow lip. Hook,/. Var. FrefimaniU Rchb. f. 1. c. 1887. 744. Has short stiff stems, and purple sepals and petals. Hook. /. 57. D. Lubbersianum, Rchb. f. Card. Chron. 1882, i. 460. In growth like a smaller formosum. Parish, Stem hirsute with black hairs, leaves oblong hispidulous on both surfaces, sepals triangular acute carinulate, petals oblong apiculate, mentum conical rather shorter than the pedicelled ovary, lip cuneate dilated 3-fid., side lobes obtuse-angled toothed in front, midlobe short lobulate fimbriate rctuse and with pectinate filiform processes^ disk with a thickened grooved ridge between the side lobes. Burma, (Hort, Veitch where it no longer exists.) Sepals and petals yellowish white ; lip with 3 carnation blotches. Description from the author. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 722. 14 104 The Orchids, of 6ujima. 68. D. luteolum. Batem. in Card. Chron. 1864, 269. A very distinct and desirable species in which the stems are erect and teiete, and bear lanceolate leaves, simultaneously on the .upper part a profusion of short lateral 2 — 4-fld. racemes of pale primrose coloured flowers, of which the lip has roundish lateral lobes, and the middle lobe a downy yellow disk marked by a few red lines. It flowers in January and February and lasts a long time in perfection. Williamss Stem erect, leaves linear-oblong acute coriaceous, flowers 2 — 4 on a short axillary peduncle yellow, sepals oblong subacute, petals much broader obtuse, mentum stout obtuse, lip broadly ovate-oblong, side lobes rounded, midlobe ovate subacute undulate, disk with 3 — 5 villous ridges. Stem 10 — 12 in., furrowed, striped. Leaves 3 — 4 in. sessile. Flowers 2}4 in. across ; sheaths of peduncle obtuse ; pedicels in. ; lip with red veins between the side lobes. Hook,/. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 733 — 4. Tenasserim ; on the Attran River, Parish, Bot. Mag. 5441 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 57, with fig, ; C.P. 139. Var. chlorocentrum^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1883, i. 340, fig. 48. This variety is altogether superior to the type, the flowers being much larger and of better substance. It bears tufts of green hairs on the middle of the lip. Williams, Williams Orchid Alb. vii. t. 322. 69. D. Macraei, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. p. 75 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 6. Leaf linear-oblong obtuse, flowers 2 — 3 shortly pedicelled, sepals and petals erecto-patent linear-lanceolate acute, mentum short conic, side lobes of lip oblong obtuse, midlobe small with 2 diverging lobules crenulate and crisped, disk between the side lobes with 2 fleshy crests. Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 7 — 8000 ft., {Herd, Hort, Calc,) Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., J, D, H, and T, T, The Concan, at Ram Ghat, Dalzell, Nilghiri Hills, G. Thomson, Ceylon, not uncommon, Thwaites, Dislrib. Java. Given in Parish's list of Burmese orchids. B, G, The^Orchids of Burma. 105 Rootstock creeping, annulate ; stems pendulous, 2 — 3 ft. ; branches ending in fusiform pseudobulbs 2 — 2% in. long. Leaves 4 — 8 in., sessile. Flowers^ i in. long, white; pedicels — i in.; bracts basal, sheathing; side lobes of lip sprinkled with red, midlobe variable, Hook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 714. Thwaites £num. 297 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 260 ; C. P. 85. Syn. — D, fimbriatum^ Lindl. Gen, and Sp. 76 (not of Hook.) D. nodosum^ Dalz. in. Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1852.) 292. D, Rabani^ Lindl. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1 . c. 7. D, pardalinum^ Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1885. ii. 230. D, F/abeliuniy Rchb. f. in Bonplandia 1857, 56 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. t. 1 18. Desmotrichum fimbriatum^ Blume Bijd. 329. 1 hnd no characters whereby to distinguish the species included above under D, Macraei. 'Fhwaites says of the Ceylon plant leaves usually 2-nate, but I have never seen more than one in any specimen or drawing. Hook. f. 1 , c. 60 . D. Mannoratum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1875, 492. Stems stout grcyish'black terete, flowers 2-nate on the leafless stems (white with purple tips, lip purplish in front), mentum short rctuse, lip oblong from a cuneate base ciiiate densely velvety towards the base. Description from the author^ L c. Burma, Boxall (Hort^ Low), Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 738. D. Melanophthalmum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1869, 164; 1870, 417. See D, pendulum. 61. D. Moulmeinense, Parish MSS. Stems slender, leaves (narrowly linear-lanceolate. Parish)^ flowers on the leafless stems lower racemose upper i — 2 on a short peduncle, pedicels slender, bracts ovate concave, sepals oblong-lanceolate acute petals elliptic acute erose, mentum subcylindric obtuse, lip large broader io6 The Orchids of Burma. than long dabellately orbicular expanded sessile, base cuneate pubes- cent above glabrous beneath fimbriate all round. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Stems about as thick as a duck’s quill ; internodes i in, Flmvers i — 2 in. diam. membranous ; rachis of 2 — 4 fid. raceme in., slender base with a lunate sheath ; bracts % in., thin ; sepals and petals pale yel- low?, lip primose-yellow with spotted bars at the very shortly convolute base ; column very short. D. Moulmeinense^ is perhaps only a state of D. dixanthum. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 746 ; Ic. PI. t. 2033. D. Multiflorum, Par. and Rchb. fil. See Z>. Nathanielis, infra. 62 . D. Nathanielis ; Rchb. f. in Schill. Cat. Orch. Ed. 3 (1857), 26. Leaves lanceolate acuminate, flowers very small, pedicel capillary mentum longer than the sepals, lip membranous cuneate elongate, side lobes small midlobe broad 2-lobed. Tenasserim and Martaban, Wallich ; Parish. Habit and foliage of A. anceps but the flowers are much smaller, % in. long, very membranous and have capillary pedicels. Lip with a flat ridge on the disk that ends abruptly opposite the side lobes. Bindley (in Journ. Linn. Soc.) has confounded this with adnaciforme. Hookf in FI. Brit. Ind v. 724-5. C. P. 266. Syn— Z>. cuspidatum \ Lindl. in Journ. l.inn. Soc. iii. 4. Aponim cuspidatum^ Wall, in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 2. D. multiflorum^ Par. and Rchb. f. in Frans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 149. t. 31, f. 2. Aporutn anceps Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 2020. Compare D. anceps. B. G. D. Nodatum, see D. Aphrodite. 63. D. Nobile Var. Nobilius. Undoubtedly the largest flowered form of D. Nobile, yet introduced. The flowers are about 4 in. across, having broad sepals and petals, white richly suffused with rosy-purple around the anterior half, and The Orchids of Burma. 107 having an intense purplish-crimson blotch in the centre. It flowers during the winter and spring months, is very rare. Williams. Neither type nor variety given as Burmese by Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. ; the latter is given in Parish’s list. B. G. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 64. The following is the description in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 740 of D. No- bile. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orchid. 24 ; Sert. Orchid, l. 3 ; in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 48 ; in Journ. I^inn. Soc. iii. 12. Stems erect compressed, leaves oblong obliquely notched, flowers 2 — 4 subracemose on a short peduncle from the leafing or leafless stems purple or white with purple tips and lip, sepals linear-oblong obtuse- petals much broader, mentum short broad, lip subsessile broadly ovate- oblong pubescent, margins recurved, base shortly convolute. Eastern Himalaya ; Sikkim, ascending to 5000 ft.,y. D. H. ; Bho- tan Griffith. The Khasia Mts., Gibson^ 6 r*c. Distrib. China. Stems I — 2 ft. Leaves 3—4 in., coriaceous, “ persistent for 2 years” Veitch. Flowers 2^2—3 in. diam., variable in colour, almost racemose; bracts oblong, ^ in. A iriuhitude of varieties have been described, and of hybrids especially with heterocarpum^ (See Reichb. f. in. Card. Chron. 1884, 338, 445, 576, and Veitch Man. Dendrob. 63). — Hook. f. Paxt. Mag. vii. t. 7 ; Hartm. Parad. i, t. ii ; Reichb. f. in Card. Chron. xvii. 366 ; Williams Orchid Alb. t. 214; Reichenbachia ii. t. 58 ( Var. Sandersiana) ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 63, with fig. Syn. — D. Cosrulescens, Wall, in Lindl. Sert, Orchid, t. 18 ; Bot. Reg. 1 . c. D. Lindleyanuni^ Griffith Notul. iii. 309 (excl. fig.); Lindl. in. Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 13. 64 . D. pachyglossuoip Par. & Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 149 ; C. P. MS- Young sheaths hispid, leaves very slender acuminate, flowers soli- tary or geminate, sepals triangular-ovate, petals narrowly linear acumi- nate, mentum equalling the sepals recurved obtuse, sidelobes of lip very small, midlobe minute retuse, disk 2-keeled. Tengsserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, io8 The Orchids of Burma. Stem 6 — 8 in., narrowed at the base and apex. Leaves 2 — 3 by in. Sepals streaked with brown. Lip white, with brown streaks. Reichenbach, from whom the description is taken, says, “ Very like” D, attenuatuniy Lindl. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 727. 66. D, palpebrse, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. v. (1850) p. 33 ; in Paxt. FI. Card. ; 48. Stems clavate 4-angled, leaves 3 — 5 oblong-lanceolate acute, flowers in loose lateral racemes (white or rose, disk of lip orange), bracts small, sepals oblong, petals broader clawed ciliolate, mentuiii rounded, lip oblong softly downy, base shortly clawed convolute and villously fringed. Burma ; Lobb^ Berkeley, Stems 7 — 9 in. Leaves 4 — 6 in. Flowers — 2 j 4 in. diam., faintly fragrant. — Near D, densiflorum^ but bracts very different. Nearer D, Griffithianumy but mentum short. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 750. Veitch. Man. Dendrob. 67 ; C. P. 377. 66. D. panduriferom, Hook. f. Stems elongate cylindric grooved, leaves (on young stems only) lanceolate, racemes short 6 — 8-fld., dorsal sepal broadly ovate obtuse, petals orbicular crenate, mentum many times longer than the broadly ovate subacute lateral sepals, tip swollen, claw very long and slender, limb small deeply constricted in the middle forming lateral auricle-like side lobes and an obcordate midlobe, disk with a large transverse la- mella between the side lobes. Pegu ; at Rangoon, Gilbert {Ic, in Herb, Calcutt,') Stems 2—3 ft., narrowed at the base ; internodes i — by in. nodes often rooting ; sheaths membranous, white, young green, and speckled. Leaves few, i — in., acuminate. Racemes i — 2 in. ; bracts small ; pedicel with ovary in. ; flowers i in. long ; sepals and petals green with streaks of red dots along the numerous nerves; mentum incurved thickened towards the rounded tip, straight or slightlv curved, green streaked with red ; claw of lip 3 — 4 times as long as the dull yellow limb, ^margins incurved above, be- low united to the walls of the mentum, anther stipitate on the top of the The Orchids of Burma. 109 column. Nearly allied to D. trapcsoliflorum. Also near D, ionopus R. f. but the flowers are not yellow with red blotches, nor is the claw of the lip thick and keeled. This will be figured in King’s Annals of the Calcutta Garden. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 186. Var. serpens. In the Calcutta Garden collection of drawings is one of a variety of panduriferum^ or of a very closely allied species, marked as from Perak {Kunstler\ with longer flexuous stems tuberous at the base, yel- low sepals, and petals streaked rather than dotted with red along the nerves, and a meutum as long but not thickened towards the tip ; the limb of the lip is less constricted in the middle. I'his may be Reichen- bach’s D, ionopus. Hook f, I, c, 67 . D. ParCUm, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1866 1042 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. t. 169. Racemes extremely short 2 — 4-fld., petals linear-spalhulate, men- tum broad obtuse much longer than the oblong obtuse 3<nerved sepals, lip exceeding the sepals straight narrow with a dilated cuneiform trun- cate tip dull yellow speckled with purple. Tenasserim, Parish, Stems 12 — 18 in.. Racemes yk — Yh in. ; flowers ^ in. long greenish yellow. Hook,/ in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 720, C. P. 81. 68. D. Parishii, Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1863, p 237 ; Xcn. Orchid, ii. t. 152. A very free flowering species. The stems from i — 2 ft. long, very thick throughout their entire length, decurved, and bearing flowers in the second year, after the leaves have fallen ; the leaves oblong lanceolate, leathery, and notched at the ends. The flowers grow generally in pairs, or in threes and are of a beautiful dark rose colour, the downy lip lighter in colour along the centre, with a dark purple blotch on each side the throat. They have a strong scent of rhubarb. Williams, Stems stout decurved,' leaves oblong-lanceolate, bracts rather large, flowers I — j on a short peduncle from the leafless stems rose-purple or no The Orchids of Burma. white, lip with two maroon blotches, sepals oblong acuminate, petals broadly elliptic, mentum short obtuse, lip shortly clawed convolute with a small ovate obtuse tomentose and ciliate recurved limb. Stems 6 — 12 in. ; internodes in. ; when old contracted in the middle. Leaves 3 — 5 in., coriaceous. Flmvers i — 2 in. diam ; pedicels i in. ; bracts ^ in. ; limb of lip small compared with the tube; claw with a pit and transverse ridge. Column white, anther purple. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 740-1. Upper Burma, Berkeley, Tenasserim, Parish, Bateman in Bot. Mag. 5488 ; Jennings Orchid t. 39 ; Vcitch Man. Dendrob. 68; C.P. 18. D. Paztoni, (Paxt.), See D, Fimbriatum var. oculata. D. Paxtoni, (Lindley), See D, Chrysanthum, D. Pegfuanum, Lindl. See D, pygmaeum. 69 . D. pendulum, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 484. A handsome and distinct species with stout erect stems from 6 — 18 in. long, having large closeset swollen or knotted joints or nodes, forming depressed spheres an inch in diameter ; the flowers which grow on the older defoliated stems are abundant from the upper nodes, 2 in. diam., solitary or in pairs ; the linear oblong sepals and petals wax white tipped with magenta-purple, and the broadly oblong-ovate obtuse velvety lip white with an orange-yellow blotch at the base, and magenta- purple tip. JVilliams. Stems stout decurved, nodes sub-globose, leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers I — 3-nate on the leafless stems stoutly pedicelled white or tips purple, lip with yellow disk, sepals linear-oblong sub-acute, petals much broader, mentum obscure, lip orbicular sub-cordate pubescent ciliolate. Stems I — 2 ft.; internodes ^ — i}i in,, as broad at the nodes. Leaves 4 — 5 in., membranous. Flowers 2 — 2 in., variable in colour ; pedicels i — in. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 741-2. Chittagong, Roxburgh, Arracan, Benson ; alt. 2500 ft. Williams Distrib. Siam. Hook,/ The Orchids of Burma. Ill Syn. — D. crassinode, Bens. andRchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1869, 164; 1870, 417 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5766; Warn. Orchid. Alb. iv. 1. 152 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 31, with fig. ; C P. 26. ? Z>. polyanthum^ Wall. Cat. 2009 ; ? Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orchid. 81 ; in .Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 57 ; C. P. 340; Muiilmein, Wallich, Wallich’s specimens of Z>. polyanthum are indeterminable ; they are from Burma, and quite like D. pendulum. I doubt if Lindley’s is the same plant. Hook.f. I, c. Parish gives both D. polyanthum with reference C. P. 340, and D. crassinode with reference C. P. 26 \ the two are probably distinct. B. G. D. Wardianum^ Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. i. t. 19. Var. D. crassinode Var. albiflora^ Bens, and Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1875, 93- A pure white variety with a leraon-colourcd blotch at the base of the lip. Moulmein. Williams. D. crassinode^ Var. Barheriana^ Bens, and Rchb, f. in Gard. Chron. 1876, 567. A great improvement on the type. The stems arc stouter and the plants grow much stronger than D. pendulum. The flowers are of greater substance and more highly coloured than in the type: the sepals and petals arc pure white tipped with rich magenta, the lip white, tipped with the same colour, the throat and disk orange. This variety lasts a long time in perfection. Moulmein ; Williams. Natural Hybrid. D. Melanophthalmum^ Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. N.S. 1886, XXV. p. 426; 1869, 164; 1870, 417, (Afelanani/tum, Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi, 186, Supplt.) Here is a Dendrobe apparently originated by a cross between D. Wardianum and D. crassinode. The stems are nearly those of D. Wardianum^ though one must admit they are a little more nodate. The flowers arc those of £>. crassinode Barberianuniy but there arc two dark eye-spots. That gives you an idea of the plant. Reichenbach f. Burma, Williams. 15 112 The Orchids of Burma 70 . D. Fierardii, Roxb. in Hook. Exot. FI. t. 9 ; FI. Ind. iii. 482. A delicately pretty species of deciduous habit. The stems are long, as much as 6 ft-, moderately slender, terete, drooping, furnished with lanceolate acuminate leaves and flowering in fascicles of 2 blossoms from each node through the greater part of the length of the stem. The flowers are transparent blush white with a spathulate pale yellow lip, having the involute claw feathered with purple lines ; they last about 3 weeks in beauty. Williams, Common about Moulmein and probably elsewhere. Parish, Stems slender pendulous, leaves sessile lanceolate acuminate, flow- ers 2 — 3 on a short peduncle from the usually leafless stems rose-cold., lip yellow, bracts small, sepals oblong-lanceolate subacute, petals broader oblong, mentum short, lip orbicular cucullate pubescent ciliate, base tubular. Stems 2 — 3 ft., smooth. Leaves 2 — 4 in., membranous. Flowers I — 2 in. diam., translucent. Hook,f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 738 — 9. Eastern tropical Himalaya, Sikkim. Bengal, in the Soonderbunds, and southwards to Tenasserim. Hook.J, Bindley Gen. and Sp. 79 ; in Bot. Reg. t. 175^ ( ? 1750 ) ; Wall. Cat. 2007 ; Bot, Mag, t. 2584 , Wight Icon. 908 (indifferent ; ) Loddiges Bot. Cab. t. 750 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 69 ; C. P. 10. Var. lati/olia^ FI. des Serres, t. 955, is a doubtful plant, a good deal like D, primulinum in the flowers. Hook,J, Var. cucullata \ flowers smaller i Yz in. diam., pedicels shorter, lip with a longer tubular base and short limb with incurved tip. Hook, f, Syn. — D, cucullatum^ Brown in Bot, Keg. t. 548 ; Bot. Mag. t. 22423 Lindl, in Bot. Keg. 1844, Misc. 49; Kchb. FI, Exot. t. 653 Walp. Ann. vi. 284. Limodorum apliyllum^ Ko.xb. Cor. PI, i. 34, t. 41 ; FI. Ind. iii. 462. Cymbidium aphylium^ Swartz in Nov. Act. Ups. vi. 73 3 Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 100 — Sikkim Himalaya, J, D, H. — Bindley refers Koxburgh’s L, aphylltm to D, ammnum. D, cucullatum is the earliest name for the species, but it applies to an obvious variety. Hook,/. The Orchids of Burma. H3 71 . D. podAffl'aria, Hook. f. Ic, Plant, t. 2026. Leaves linear-oblong or linear obtuse or emarginate, flowers small solitary on bracteate tubercles at the upper nodes or leaf axils, dorsal sepal lanceolate, petals narrow oblong-lanceolate 3-nerved, mentum Longer than the ovate uncinate 7-nerved lateral sepals stout incurved obtuse, lip obcordate from a narrow base, side lobes rounded, midlobe small rounded, sinus with a plate and caruncle. Burma ; at Attran, WallicK Tenasserim, Griffith^ Parish, Stem I — 3 ft., branched ; internodes i in. ; basal tuber i — 5 in. Leaves — a by ^ in. Flowers in. long, white with pink lines on the lip. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 728. Syn. — D. Angulatum. Wall. Cat. 2010 (not of Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orchid.). D. polyanthum, Wall. Cat. No. 2009, see D, pendulum, D. polyphlebium, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1887, i. 702 ; War- ner’s Orchid Alb. vii. t. 299, see D, rkodepterygium* 72 . D. primulinum, Lindl. in Card. Chron. 1858, 233; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 12. A beautiful free flowering deciduous species of pendulous growth ; the stems terete and clustered, furrowed, i ft. or more in length, the young ones leafy at the top, leaves being oblong obtuse, and ob- liquely emarginate. The flowers are solitary, the oblong sepals and petals white tipped with pink, the broadly obovate downy lip pale sulphur-yellow, its sides convolute at the base and streaked with purple ; they are produced in 2 rows along the stem in April and May, and last in perfection 10 days. Best grown in a basket with moss. Williams, Stems short pendulous, leaves coriaceous broadly oblong, flowers solitary on the leafless stems shortly pedicelled white or pink, lip prim- rose, sepals and petals subequal linear-oblong obtuse, mentum rounded, lip large shortly clawed pubescent orbicular or reniform with a short convolute base, margins everted ciliate. Stems 10—12 in., often in. diam. Leaves 4 in., smaller upwards. Flowers 2% in. diam., odour of cowslips ; bracts small ; lip 2 in diam. in Var. gjiganiea^ tip rounded, acute or emarginate. Near D, Pierardii^ 1 14 The Orchids of Burma. but stem shorter and stouter, sepals and petals narrower and subequal. Hook,/ FI. Brit. Ind. v. 735 — 6. Tropical Himalaya ; Nepaul and Sikkim, Hook, f Burma, Ran- goon Agri-Horticult, Society s Collectors. B. G. Trans. Russ. Hort. Soc. 1861, t. 52 ; Regel. Gartenfl. 1861, t. 326 \ Williams Orchid. Alb. vi. t. 286 ; Veitch. Man. Dendrob. 70, with fig. Syn.— D. nobiUy Var. pallidiflora.^ Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5003. gigantea, Vcitch. Man. Dendrob. 71. 73. D. pulchellum, Roxb. in Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orchid. 82 ; FI. Ind. iii. 486 (not of Lodd.}. JD. Dalhousieanum must take the name of pulckellum^ Roxb., a species, which, mislead by Lindley*s reference to it of D. Devonianum^ I had hitherto failed to recognize. Reverting to it for this supplement, I find nothing in Roxburgh’s description and drawing to distinguish it from Dalhousieanum (also a native of Silhet) e.xcept the drawing of the lip, which is too obcordate, and does not represent the villous tip, or the pectinate lobes on the disk which are so conspicuous in the latter plant. On the other hand, Roxburgh describes the lip as “ beautifully marked, ciliate and ramentaceous^ ” characters that apply Xo Dalhousieanum and to no other species at all like it. In short, as with Ceelogyne nitida and Geodorum recurvum^ the faulty drawings, all by the same native artist, of the lips (probably in a withered state), have retarded the recog- nition of otherwise well marked and described species. In this view Mr. Rolfe is disposed to agree with me. With regard to I.oddige’s pulchellujn (Bot. Cab. t. 1935, Mag. t. 5037), Rolfe (Gard. Chron. 1887, ii. 155) has shown that it is a Chinese plant (Z?. Zoddigesii, Rolfe), and neither Roxburgh’s pulchel- lum nor Devonianum. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. vol. vi. pp. 186 — 187. This is a beautiful large flowered evergreen species, with stoutish terete sub-fusiforra stems from 4 — 8 ft. high, elegantly marked with red- dish crimson ; it blooms on the old growths in April and May, producing drooping lateral racemes of from 5 — 7 flowers. These are large, fully 3 in. across, with the parts broad and strikingly effective ; the ovate se- pals and much larger petals are of a pale lemon colour edged with rose ; The Orchids of Burma. "5 the lip is oblong, constricted in the middle, glandularly villous^ and ^in- curved in front, where it is whitish, the base pale yellowish, marked on each side with a large oblong purple-crimson blotch, the inner edge of which passes into coloured whisker-like fringes ; it lasts 4 — 5 days in beauty. This will grow either in a pot or a basket. Williams. A noble species. Stems often 5 — 6 ft. long when found in damp shady forests which it affects ; drooping flowers in loose racemes, near the end of the stems of 6—7 flowers 5 in. across, cream-cold., lip large saccate, but hardly slipper-shaped, with large deep blood-red blotches on the inside, the middle and front part projecting forwards and covered with a soft velvety pile. Abundant in the Tenasserim forests. The stems, however long, are but of one rainy season’s growth, at the close of which they flower for the first time, w’hile the leaves remain on, but the same stems will flower also the 2nd and 3rd year, after the leaves have fallen off, new racemes proceeding from the leaf axils next below those of the preceding year. The lip is bagged or boat-shaped, villous, with the central margin turned outwards^ column and anther dark purple. Stems marked with red purple lines. Parish. Stems stout, leaves linear-oblong, base cordate, racemes 5 — 12-fld., flowers very large rosy or yellowish with crimson on the lip, sepals ohlong acute, petals much broader, mentum rounded, lip shortly clawed orbicii- lar-oblong, tip and sides densely glandular-villous, disk with 2 pectinate fringed lamelloe. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 743 — 4 (Z?. Dalhousieanunt). Sikkim Himalaya,/. /?. Zf. Upper Griffith. Arracan to I'enasserim. Hook. /. Syn. — D. Dalhousieanum^ Wall. Mss. in Paxt. Mag. xi. t. 145 with tab.; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1836,1. 10; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 18; Flor. des Serres vii. t. 698 ; III. Hortic. 1864, t. 423; Warner Sel. Orch. i. t. 22 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 35 with fig. ; Dendrob. Sp. Griff. Ic. PI. As. 308 tt. 5., 7. and in Notul. iii. 3*3» No. 7 ; C. P. 19. 74. D. pumilum, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 61 ; FI. Ind. iii. 479 (in part). Pseudobulbs oblong to cylindric, leaves short orbicular to elliptic The Orchids of Burma. ii6 obtuse, flowers solitary shortly pedicelled, lateral sepals broadly triangu- lar dorsal much smaller ovate, petals linear-oblong, mentum very large obtuse incurved, lip oblong or obovate-oblong with 2 rounded crisped terminal lobes. Chittagong, Roxburgh. Pegu ; at Rangoon Ic. in Herb. Calcut. Tenasserim, Griffith^ Perak, ScorteehinL — Distrib. Borneo. Pseudobulbs of one many-grooved internode i — in. long, sessile or stipitate Leaves ^ in., coriaceous, sessile. Flowers i in. long, white, pedicel shorter \ lateral sepals 7-nerved ; lip with an obscurely caruncled yellow horseshoe spot at the base of the lobes. Roxburgh’s description of this has been mixed up with that of an Eria in FI. Ind., doubtless through an error of a transcriber or printer ; his drawing is excellent. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 713 — 14. C. P. 98. Griff. Notul. iii. 315 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 6. D. pumilum, Par. and R. hi. see D. quadrangulare. 76 . D. Pycnoatach]nim, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 19. Stem erect fleshy, scape terminal, raceme dense-flowered, bracts lanceolate equalling the ovary, sepals and petals lanceolate, mentum short obtuse incurved, side lobes of lip very narrow, midlobe longer ovate serrate and crisped, disk with a channelled ridge 2-fid. at the tip. Tenasserim, Lobb. I have seen no good specimens, and no leaves : a drawing ap- parently of this species (in Herb. Hort. Calcutt.) represents a leafless stem I ft. long, tapering to the tip, and ending in a many-fld. raceme 4 in. long ; the flowers are shortly pedicelled, white with a green lip. Hook. / in FI. Brit. Ind. C. P. 67. 76 . D. Pygmoeum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1999 \ Sp. 85 ; in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 62. Pseudobulbs tufted ovoid, leaves 2 — 3 linear, scapes many terminal and lateral erect short dense-fld., bracts exceeding the ovary, sepals lanceolate, mentum long acute, lip obovate, side-lobes narrow subacute, midlobe triangular crisped, disk with a crenate fleshy ridge. Prome, fide Wallich^ Pegu, McLelland\ Tenasserim, Parish, fseudobulbs ^ in., of several ipternodes. Leaves caducous The Orchids of Burma. 117 Scat)e with raceme t in. ; bracts nearly in. ; sepals in., white or purplish : lip with purple veins. Lindley in Geix#, and Sp. Orch. refers D> Pusillum^ Don., doubtfully to this, and without a doubt in BotwReg., but I think incorrectly. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 717. — C. P. 339- Syn. — D, Peguanum^ Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 19. ? D. Pusillum^ D. Don. 77 . D. quadrangulare, Parish MSS. C. P. 120. Pseudobulb narrowly clavate acutely 4-angled slipitate, leaves linear-oblong, flowers fascicled. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Griffith^ Parish. Parish considered this to be different from D. pumilum^ and his drawing seems to confirm it ; the deeply 4-grooved terminal internode or pseudobulb — 2^ in. long and in. broad, preserves its 4-an- gled character from its earliest stage (when only in. long) ; it is supported on a stipes of 2 — 3 slender inlernodes. The flowers are quite like D. pumilum. Hook. / in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 714. Parish remarks — “ It is often a difficult task to unravel a tangled web which a moment’s carelessness has caused. Such a tangle has gathered round D. pumiluin. I. Roxburgh, Vol. Ill, p. 479, under the head of this plant, gives a correct description of it in the first 2 paragraphs, or for some 4 lines/ but thereupon follows to the end a long description of another and totally different plant. II . ^ Some years ago I found 2 small Dendrobia, one of which had short swollen (turbinate) pseudobulbs (my No. 98 — See D. pumiium) and agreed otherwise with Roxburgh’s description. This accordingly was considered to be The other (my No. 120), though almost exactly alike in the inflorescence, had elongated quadrangular bulbs, and being clearly a distinct plant, I named it D. quadrangulare^ See Hook. f. under D. Pumiium, B, G, ii8 The Orchids of Burma. a name already appropriated,^ which I was not aware of at the time. These (with drawings) were sent home to Kew, when my second plant (D, quadrangiilare) was designated D. pumilum. Happening to be at Kew not long ago, I was shown an authentic specimen of D. ' pumilum and, surely enough, it was identical with my D. quadrangular^ and not with the other or turbinate species. III. In a recent description of some of my Orchids by Prof* Reichenbach published by the Linnean Society (to which some figures are appended) the artist has actually combined in one my two drawings. The bulbs will be seen, on careful inspection, to be of two forms, which are those of two distinct plants ! To this moment I do not know which of the two is really Roxburgh’s plant, but I incline to think it is that with the swollen or turbinate bulbs and not the quadrangular plant, though this is called D, pumilum in the Kew Herbarium. ” The mistake has been apparently rectified in Flora of British India, but what is the D. quadrangulare mentioned by Parish as named before his plant and different from it ? B, G. Hooker in FI, Brit. Ind. vi. 184, Supplt. under D, pumilum gives the following quotation from Ridley in Hit, “ Common at Singapore with yellow or cream coloured lip with a dark spot at the tip, or veined with red. The two forms look totally different, but I can find no structural difference. I never saw so many flowers in a head as in D. quadrangulare^^^ 78. D. revolatum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxvi. (1840), Misc. 53, ( ? 1 10). Stem stout, flowers solitary, pedicellcd, sepals and petals revolutc, dorsal sepal obovate subacute, petals narrower oblong-lanceolate, spur longer than the ovate obtuse lateral sepals, mentum funnel-shaped nearly straight subacute, lip broad, side lobes very small, midlobe rhomboidly suborbicular emarginatc, sides deflexed, disk 3-ncrvcd. lenasserim. Parish. Singapore, Walker. Malacca, on Mt. Ophir. Ilullettj Maingay {Rew Distrib. 1610). * For what plant ? B, G, The Orchids of Burma. Stem 12 — 18 in., internodes ^ in., deeply channelled. Leaves X — 2 in., linear-oblong or oblong etnarginate, back keeled, very variable in breadth, base cordate. Flowers i in. diam. white with a brown lip, pedicel yi in. Hook.f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 732. Bot. Mag. t. 6076 ; Part. FI. Card. i. 63, fig. 42 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 291 ; C. P. 1 12. Syn. — D , unijlorum^ GrifF. Notul. iii. 305 ; Ic. P. Asiat. t. 305. 79. D. rhodopterygium, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1875, i- 6^4* This species is something in the way of Z>. Parishii \ the stems however are much longer and more erect. The floweis are pink tinged with rose and instead of two blotches- on each side of the base, half-a- dozen streaks of purple, while the disk is coverd with little warts instead of the velvety hairs so conspicuous in Parishii. Williams, Stems teretQ decurved, leaves linear-oblong, bracts minute, flowers I — 3-nate on a short peduncle from the leafless stems rose-purple, lip with pale border, sepals oblong-lanceolate acute, petals ovate-lanceolate, lip with a cylindric convolute base streaked with purple and an orbicu- lar erosely ciliate mouth, rcugh or hispid on the disk. Habit, leaves and inflorescence oiD. Parishii^ but bracts smaller, flowers much larger, 3 in. diam., of a paler rose-purple, often mottled with white, and lip with an orbicular mouth broadly or narrowly bordered with pale yellow, no maroon blotches, the disk not downy but rough, column white, anther purple. Hook, f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 741. Tenasserim ; at yionXmeAW,' Boxall^ Berkeley, Veitch Man. Dendrob. 71 ; C. P. 376. Syn. — D, pofyphlehium, Rchb, f. 1. c. 1887, i. 702 ; Warner Orchid Alb. vii. t. 299, Reichenbach suggests polyphlebium being a hybrid between pierardii and rhodopterygium. Hook, f, 8d. D. Scabrilingue, Lindl. in Journ. I.inn Soc. iii. 25. A beautiful sweet scented orchid producing its blossoms in spring. The stems are erect, a span high and somewhat clavate, with ligulate- oblong unequally emargent leaves, and numerous flowers produced 16 120 The Orchids of Burma. laterally in pairs on both leafless and leafy stems. When they first open the flowers have been noticed to be green or greenish white, but after a day or so they change to pure white, except the lip, which has thjS acute erect side lobes green streaked with purple, and the much longer recurved front lobe yellow with deep orange furrows along the disk and striped with crimson. They yield a delicious perfume similar to that of wallflowers. It belongs to the D. fomiosum section, in which the leaf sheaths of the young growths are covered with black hairs. Williams, Stems erect subclavate hirsute, leaves linear-oblong broadly 2-lobed, flowers 2-nate on a short peduncle from the leafing or leafless stems white, lip yellow with green veins, sepals ovate-lanceolate subacute, petals more oblong, mentum conical green, side lobes of oblong lip narrow, midlobe oblong retuse recurved, disk scabrid and 5-ridged. Steins 6 — 12 in., internodes ^ in., nodes sometimes in. diam. Leaves 2)4 in., coriaceous unequally obtusely 2-fid. Flowers j}4 in. diam., sweet-scented ; pedicels short; bracts very small. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 735. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxx. p. 150 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 72 ; C. P. 134. Syn. — D, Hedyosmum^ Bateman in Bot. Mag. t. 5515. 81. D. secundum, Wall. Cat. 1996. Stem stout, racemes shortly peduncled secund densc-fld., bracts small membranous, dorsal sepal ovate obtuse, petals narrower linear- oblong, mentum as long as the dorsal sepal or longer, lip spathulately oblanceolate cymbiform and entire subacute, claw saccate, disk with a semilunate transverse ridge. Martaban, Wallich, Tenasserim, Griffith,^ Heifer, Penang, Wallich, Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Cochin China. Hook, f. Stem 10—24 in., pendulous, sometimes 3^ in. diam., grooved Leaves very variable, 2 — 4 by i — 2 in. oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse or retuse. Racemes 2 — 4 in., decurved, rachis very stout ; flowers hardly The Orchids of Burma. 121 expand, and vary from deep red to >«rhite, with yellow on the lip. Hook,f^ FI. Brit. Ind. v. 730. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 8r ; in Bot. Reg. t. 1291 and 1844, Misc. 65 ; Rchb. FI. Exot. t. 269 ; Bot. Mag, t. 4352 ; De Vriese Illust. t. 6 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 72 ; C. P. 333. Syn — Pedilonium secundum^ Blume Bijdr. 322. D, purpureuffiy Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 484. Var. Nivea, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1881, i. 733. 82 . D. Senile, Par, and Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1865, 434. C. P. 135 - One of the most curiou.s orchids, quite dwarf in habit, stems fusi- form, 6 in. long, covered, as are the 2 — 3 leathery obovate leaves, with short white hairs. The flowers are bright yellow, the 3-lobed lip having a green blotch on each side of the disk, which is deep orange ; they are abundantly produced in pairs, and last a considerable time. Williams, Pseudobulb short subclavate and 2 — 3 leaves softly hairy, flowers lateral solitary or 2-nate long-pedicelled golden, bracts minute, sepals lanceolate acute, petals broader, mentum rounded, lip broadly ovate obscurely 3-lobed, side lobes rounded midlobe ovate obtuse, disk puberulous, margins quite entire glabrous. Stems 2 — 4 in., internodes 4— 6, — i in. Leaves 2 — 3 in., flat, subacute, subfalcate. Plotters 2 in. diam., ochreous between the side lobes of the lip. Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 751. A small species about 6 in. high, with erect rigid stems which are covered with white hairs. Flowers yellow. Apparently rather rare. Swaygyeen district. Parish, 1 Xen. Orchid, ii. 143, t. 155 ; Parish in Bot, Mag. t. 5520 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 74. 83 . D. Serra, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 3. Stem long, leaves short ovate acute, flowers very small, very shortly pedicelled, mentum short, lip linear-oblong with 2 terminal auricles or lobules, 122 The Orchids of Burma. Penang, Porter, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 1604). Singapore, Wallich, Perak, ScortechinL Distrib., Java. Hook,/* Stems 2—3 ft., naked extremities 4— 8 in., sometimes branched. Leaves — i in. Flowefs arising from a small globose tuft of rigid bracts ; sepals obtuse. Hook,/ FI. Brit. Ind. v. 722 — 3. Given in Parish's list of Burmese Orchids with reference C. P. 374. B. G, Syn. — D, micrantkum, Lindl. 1 . c. ; Walp. Ann. vi. 279. D, aloe/olium, Rchb f. 1 . c. Aporum Serra, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 2021 ; Gen. and Sp. 71. A, micranthum. Griff*, in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 375, t. 17, and V. 369 ; Lindl. in Jourh. L. S. 1 . c. Griffith's D, ( ? A. ) micranthum is unquestionably D, Serra : the specimen he figures has lost all of the naked end of the branch but the lowest node. Hook, / L c, Macrostomium aloe/olium, Blume Bijdr. 335, fig. 37. Oxystophyllum macrostoma, Hassk. in Tijdsch. Nat. Gesch. x. i. 22. D. sphegidoglossum, Rchb. f. in Bonpland. ii. 58, see D, stupo- sum. 84. D. stuposum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 52, and 1844, 52 - Stems rather slender grooved, leaves linear-oblong, flowers small in few-fld. racemes on the leafless stems white, sepals oblong acute lateral keeled, petals broadly ovate acute erose, mentum short, lip cuneately obovate, lobes subequal short rounded villous and ciliate with long gland- tipped hairs. Khasia Hills, alt. 3 — 5000 ft. Tenasserim, Parish, Stems 6 — 10 in., internodes i — i in. Leaves 3 — 4J4 in., rather thin. Raceme Yz — in. ; bracts linear-oblong, obtuse ; flowers in. long ; pedicels capillary ; lip white with red veins and a yellow band. Hook./ under D. sphegidoglossum in FI, Brit. Ind. v. 737. Syn. — D, sphegidoglossum, Rchb. f. in Bonpland. ii. 58 ; in Otia. Bot. Hamb. 1878, p. 47 ; Walp. Arin. yi. 290 C. P. 353. The Orchids of Burma. *23 D, stuposum being the earlier name should be adopted. Hook, /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. i86. 86. D. sulcatum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 65. Stems stout compressed grooved, leaves subterminal oblong acumi nate, flowers mahy in short racemes from the leafless stems (dull orange or paler), bracts minute, sepals oblong obtuse, and rather broader obovate, petals concave mentum broad, lip broadly ovate hirsute, base saccate convolute margins ciliate revolute. Khasia Hills, Gibson^ 6-^., not given as Burmese by Hook. f. Stems 6 — 10 in. ; internodes about 6, compressed, green. Leaves 4 — 8 in., coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers i in. diam. ; sepals and petals erect. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 749. Bot. Mag. t. 6962 ; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 76 ; Rolfe, in Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 607. 86. D. tenuicaule, Hook. f. Stem tall very slender above, basal internode minute globose, 2nd and 3rd slender, 4th and 6th thickened elongate conical, 5 th stout i in. thickened cylindric ribbed, leaves 3 — 4 in. very narrowly linear, flowers few terminating the leafless stems, dorsal sepal oblong 7-nerved, petals oblong with one branched nerve, mentum twice as long as the obtuse lateral sepals straight, lip cuneate side lobes short rounded as broad as the sessile orbicular midlobe, disk pubescent. Andaman Islands {Ic, in Hort. Bot, Calc,) Stems 10 — 12 in., sheathed at the upper nodes. Leaves ^ in. broad, acute. Bracts minute, pedicel with ovary slender in, ; flowers in. long, pure white \ petals as long as the dorsal sepal ; mentum trumpet-shaped, tip acute yellowish ; lip sessile at the base of the mentum, membranous, delicately veined; column very short, 3-toothed; anther hemispheric. — Described from a drawing (that will be published in Kings Annals of the Calcutta Garden) and dried flowers. Hook, f, in FI. Brit. Ind. vi, 184. Supplt, 124 The Orchids of Burma. 87. D. terminale, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn Soc! xxx. p. 149 ; C. P. 33. Leaves small ovate or ovate-oblong acute, flower terminal solitary large, mentum broad much longer than the rest of the flower, lip trian- gular-cuneate truncate or 2-lobed. Tenasserim, Parish \ Malacca (Ic, in Herb. Calcutt). Stems 4—6 in. Leaves ^ in. Flower in. long, white, lip yellowish. — The large flower at once distinguishes this from its allies. Hook,/ FI. Brit. Ind. v. 725. D. thyrsiflorum, Rchb. f. see Z>. densiftorum, 88. D. tortile, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1847, 797 ‘ with fig. A pretty dwarf species with erect clavate furrowed stems a span high, few linear retuse leaves confined to the young shoots, and lateral 2-fld. peduncles on the leafless stems. Flowers large, the sepals and petals white, just tinged with purplish-rose, waved and spirally twisted and the large conchiform pubescent lip lemon-yellow streaked with pur- ple at the base. Flowers May and June. Williams, Stems subfusiform compressed, leaves narrow retuse, racemes 3 — 6 fld. on leafless stems, flowers pale or rose-lilac, lip yellow, sepals and petals oblong undulate and twisted, mentum conical, lip subsaccate with a dilated orbicular everted erose limb pubescent and ciliate. Stems 6 — 12 in., in. broad, grooved and ribbed. Leaves 3 — 4 in., subcoriaceous, recurved. Flowers 3 — 3j^ in., diam. — Near pri- mulinum and Pierardii^ according to Veitch, with lip like lituiflorum. Hook /. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 744. Chittagong and Burma to Tenasserim, Lobby Bot. Mag. t. 4477 DePuydt Les Orchids, 54, with fig.; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 81 ; VValp. Ann. vi. 284 ; C. P. 17. Var. roseoy resembles the type in every respect except that the flowers are of a delicate rose shaded with yellow. Blooms in May and June. Williams. 89. D. transparens, Wall. Cat. 2008/1. A pretty small flowering orchid which blooms in the same way as The Orchids of Burma. 125 D. fwBiie, The stems are erect, terete, about one ft. long, the growing ones bearing linear-lanceolate leaves. The flowers which grow in pairs along the stems, are of a pale transparent purplish lilac and the obovate oblong ciliolate lip has a large deep blood coloured blotch passing into strias at the edges. Williams. As Lindley says, “ very like D. Pierardii ” but generally brighter in colour, with stems much shorter and stifler, about i ft. 1 have only met with it once or twice on the mountains near Toungoo. Parish. Stems slender pendulous, leaves linear-lanceolate acute, flowers in pairs on the leafless stems white and pink, lip purple within, bracts very large, sepals lanceolate acute, petals broader ovate, mentum conic, lip clawed elliptic-oblong from a convolute cuneate base obtusely lobed re- curved pubescent. Stems w — 18 in., internodes i — i in. Leaves 3 — 4 in. Powers I in. diam. \ bracts ^ ^ in., oblong, acute ; pedicels short; lip with a broad purple single or double blotch. Book./. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 738. Tropical Himalaya ; from Kumaon, alt. 3000 ft., eastwards ; Assam, the Khasia and Garrow Hills. Hook.f. Toungoo Mts. Parish. Lindl. Gen. and Sp, 79 ; in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 62 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 12 ; Bot. Mag, t. 4663 ;Paxt. FI. Gard. i. 134, t. 27 ; Jard. Fleur, t. 68. Veitch Man. Dendrob. 81 ; C. P. 185. Syn. — D. Henshallii, Rchb. f. in Bonpland. iii. 226. Dendrob., Griff. Notul. 198, No. 1135. Var. Allfa. Rolfe. A beautiful pure white variety has appeared in the collection of Hamar Bass Esqr, The flowers do not show the slightest trace of col- our anywhere, Williams. 90 . D. trigonopUB, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1887, ii. 682. Stem short and leaves at first and sheaths hispidulous, leaves i — 3 subterminal, peduncle i-fld. ( ? always), flowers yellow, ovary trigonous sepals ligulate acuminate, petals shorter-broader, mentum obtuse, lip clawed dilated 3-fid, side lobes quadrate and semi-orbicular, midlobe denticulate, disk very rough. 126 The Orchids of 6urma. Burma, {Jlori, Low), Stem at length sulcate. Leaves oblong-ligulate. Fl(nvers larger than D, Cambridgeanum (D, ochreaium Lindl. A non-Burman species with flowers 3 in. diam. See FI. Brit. Ind. v. 747-8. B, C.), as thick in tex- ture as (a non-British Indian species. From Java? B, G), Lip yellow, with a row of red transverse lines superposed on each side of the disk between the side lobes, and a green area on the midlobe. — Discript, from the author. Hook,f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 751. 91 . D. virgineum, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1884, ii. 520 \ 1888, ii. 725. A beautiful orchid in the way of D, infundibultm^ with nigro-hir- sute stems, the leaves oblong-ligulate bilobed at the apex, and nearly twice as broad as those of that species. The flowers which are numer- ous, and grow in terminal racemes are only ^ the size of those of D, infundibulum. They are waxy white, greenish on the chin behind, and marked from the base of the 3-lobed lip to the base of the roundish emarginate crenulate midlobe by 2 singular thickened light reddish lines, and having also a reddish tint at the base of the column. Flowers dur- ing autumn. Williams, Hirsute with black hairs, leaves oblong-ligulate, tip 2-!obed, raceme terminal, lateral sepals tirangular obscurely keeled, dorsal oblong-obtuse, petals rhombic, mentuni short conical, side lobes of lip J^-ovate crenu- late, midlobe rounded notched crenulate, disk with 2 parallel depressed ridges. Like D, infundibulum, but leaves nearly twice as broad, flowers one third smaller, ivory white, ridges of lip red. — Discript, from the author. Hook,f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 722. Burma (Hort. Low). 92 . D. Wardianum, Warner Sel. Orchid, i. t. 19. A magnifi- cent species. The stems are stout, terete, somewhat thickened at the nodes, pendulous, from 2 — 3 ft. long, the younger ones furnished with oblong-lanceolate acute leaves, which fall away, after which the flowers are produced in twos or threes, each flower measuring upwards of 3)^ The Orchids of Burma. 127 in. diam. The colour of the sepals and petals is white tipped with ma- genta, the great cucullate lip having the same colours and in addition a large rich orange blotch on the convolute base and disk, the throat . spotted on each side with deep crimson. It blooms about May and continues a considerable tune in perfection. Williams. Steins stout erect or penduloms, leaves 3—4 in. linear-lanceolate, flowers I — 2 on a very short peduncle from the leafless stems, white or tips purple, lip ochreous with maroon blotches, sepals oblong acute, petals twice as broad, mentum rounded, lip clawed, mouth orbicular or ovate subcordate, densely pubescent, margins recurved, base short con- volute. Very near and perhaps only a form of Falconeri^ from which it is difficult to distinguish some of the published drawings ; stem stouter, sometimes i in. diam., not so nodose. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind.v. 742. Assam; the Khasia Hills, and Burma. Hook./. Ruby-mines, Upper Burma. Williams. 111. Hort. 3 ser. t. 277 ; Jennings, Orchid, t. 2 ; Gard. Chron. N. S. viii. 240, fig. 50 (specimen plant); Reichenbachia i. t. 9; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 83, with fig ; Gardening World, v. p. 517. Syn. — D. Falconeri Far., Bot. Mag. t. 5058. I have referred to this the JD, Falconeri^ Var. “ sepalis petalisque obtusioribus of Bot. Mag. Hook./. 1 . c. Var. Lowii^ Floral Mag. N. S. t, 212, Lindenia, v. t. 225. A magnificent variety altogether stouter in all its parts than the type. It sometimes produces growths as much as 5 ft. in length and of great thickness, and is more vigorous and erect in habit. The flowers are of the same colours and similarly marked, but larger and of stouter substance. It blooms during the winter and spring months. Burma. Williams. Syn. — Var. gigantea^ Williams Orchid Alb. iii. t. 113. Var. Candida. Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1876, ii. 460. A fine white flowered variety. It is very rare and was a chance im- portation amongst a large consignment of Orchids from Assam. Wil- liams. *7 128 The Orchids of Burma. Syn. — D, alburn^ Orchid Alb. x. t. 450. Var. J 1 'afsont\ Rchb. f. ? Parish. 93 . D. xanthophlebium, IJndl. in Gard. Chron. 1856, No. 196; and 1857, 268 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii* 16. A very pretty species with erect terete angled stems about i ft. long, and rather thicker than a swan’s quill. The leaves, produced on the young stems only, are linear-lanceolate and obliquely cmarginate. The flowers grow from the joints of the older stems, generally in pairs, sepals and petals pure while, and the lip 3‘lobcd, the side lobes large, erect, veined with deep orange, the front lobe also roundish, but much undulated, downy, orange yellow bordered with white as in the side lobes. The spur is as long as the chin. Williams. Flowers on the leafless branches, 2-nate white with yellow and brown veined lip, sepals and petals lanceolate acute, mentum conical acute, lip broad, side lobes large triangular subacute, midlobe orbicular crisped scabrid, disk fleshy. Habit and foliage of D. longicornu^ but stems glabrous, striped green and white, flowers axillary, much more open, 1 — 2 in. diam, Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 733. Hooker describes the habit and foliage of j), lotigicornu^ (a non- Burrnan species) as sheaths hirsute, flowers lateral and terminal. Stems, 6— 12 in., rather slender, flexuous; internodes i — in. Leaves, linear-lanceolate, unequally obtusely 2-fid. B, G. Tenasserim ; Moulmein, alt. 4500 it., Parish, Lobb. Batem. in Bot. Mag. under t 1515; Vcitch Man. Dendrob. 84; Syn. — D. marginatum, Batem. 1 . c. t. 5454. KEY TO SPECIES. Dendrobium,* Swartz. Epiphytes; stems elongate or pseudobulbous. Leaves never plaited. Sec Appendix A. Genus 8. The Orchids of Burma. 129 Flowers racemose, often large and handsome. Sepals subeqnal, lateral, obliquely adnate to the foot of the column, and forming with it a sac or menlum. Lip contracted at the base, rarely clawed, adnate to and incumbent on the foot of the column, side lobes embracing the column or spreading or O, terminal narrow or broad, Hat, convex, concave or saccate, disk, often lamellate. Column short, foot long or short, top angled or 2>toolhed ; anther 2>celled ; pollinia 4, free, ovoid or oblong, compressed, closely collateral in pairs in each cell. The following attempt to arrange the Indian species of this vast and very intricate genus into definable groups is open to much criticism in detail. It has entailed many months of labour, and it must stand or fall according to the verdict of those who may use it. SERIES I. Section I. Sarcopodium. * Flowers solitafy. No. 23, D, ccelogyue. Scape several-fid, ^ No Burmese species. Section II. Bolbodium. No. 74, D, pumilum ; No, 77, D, quadrangulare. Section III. Cadetia. No. 59, Z>. Macrm, Section IV, Stachyobium. * Stem simple or nearly so, often a small pseudobulb. t Flowers small (except D, ciliatum). Petals not broader than the dorsal sepal. § Side lobes of lip strongly vtciso-serrate. No Burmese species. § § Side lobes of lip entire^ serrulate or crenulate. No. 30, D, cuspidatum ; No. 76, D, pygmceum ; No. 75, D, pycnostachyum ; No. 50, D. incurvum; No. 22, D. ciliatum. 130 The Orchids of Burma. t t Flowers rather large. Petals much broader than the dorsal sepals. No. 42, D, Fytcheanum, * * Steins long, copiously branched. Flowers small. No, 67, D, parcum. Section V. FoRMOSiE. No. 7, D, Andersonii ; No. 18, D, cariniferum ; No. 51, A infun- dibulum ; No. 40, D. fotmositm ; No. 4, D, albo-sanguineum ; No. 34, D, dracoftis ; No. 57, Z>. Lubbersianum ; No. D, virgineum, SERIES II. Section VI. Aporum. * Flowers on the leafless extremities of the branches. No. 83, D, Serra. * * Flowers in terminal heads of many bracts. No Burmese species. * * * Flowers in lateral or lateral and terminal heads of many bracts, No. 35, hf, eulophoium ; No. 10, D, atropurpureum, * * * 4 axillary or terminal^ bracts minute^ inconspicuous. No, 6, D, anceps \ No. 62, D. Nathanielis No. 87, D, ter- minale. Section VII. Strong yle. No. I, D, acerosum. Section VIII. ViRGAiVE. * Ijiwer nodes of stem not swollen. Mentum long or shorty No. II, D, bambuscefolium ; No. 64, D, pachyglossum, * * Lower internodes of stem tuberous or fusiform, Mentum equal- ling or exceeding the lateral sepals. No. 27, D, crumenatum\ No. 71, D, podagraria , No. 86, D, tenuicaule. Section IX. Breviflores. No, 13, D. bicameratum. The Orchids of Burma. 131 Section X. Peoilonium. No. 29, cumuiatum\ No. 52, A ionopus \ No. (i6^D.pandu- ri/erum \ No. 81, D, secufuium. Section XI. DlSTICHOPHYLLiE. No. 78, D. revolutum. Section XII. Eudendrobium. * Mentum as long or nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Flowers like those of Section Formosa^ but lateral, yellow, or white with yellow or red markings \ lip usually narrower than broad, very narrow in D. nutans^ Jerdonianum and Arachnites. (See also J). amcenuni for long spur). No. 9, D. arachnites \ No. 54, A lassioglossum ; No. 58, A luteo- Imt ; No. 93, D, xanthophlebium, * * Mentum short conical or rounded (long in B. amoenum. Flowers white or more or less purple. Lip not calceolar. (Forphyrantka). t Petals as narrow as the sepals or narrower. Lip narrower than broad. No. 80, D, scabrilingue. t t Petals as narrow or narrower than the sepals. Lip as broad as long. No. 72, B. primulinum ; No. 25, B. cretaceum \ No. 26, B, cruentum. t t t Petals broad. Lip narrower than broad. n, Flowers in short few-fld. racemes- No. 84, D. stuposum. jg. Flowers solitary or 2— 4 on a very short peduncle. No. 48, D, heterocarpum ; No. 89, B. transparens ; No. 5, D. amoenum ; No. 60, D, marmoratum^ t t t t Petals much broader than the sepals. Lip as broad, as long or broader. § Flowers solitary or 2 — 3-nate on a short peduncle or simply pedicelled. Margin of lip entire or slightly erose. a. Internodes cylindric. No. 70, D, Pierardii; No. 28, D. crystallinum \ No. 12, D. 132 The Orchids of Burma. Bensonice ; No. 24, £>, ctepidaium ; No. 56, D, liiuiflorunt ; No. 63, D, nobiles2iX nobilius ; No. 68, Z). Parishii ; No. 79, D, rhodopterygium. Internodes swollen at the top (slightly in D. gratiosissimum). No. 69, D. pendulum : No. 39, 2 >. Findlayanum , No. 36, D, Falco- neri ; No. 92, D, IVardianum ; No. 45, D. gratiosissimum ; No. 8, D, Aphrodite, § § Flowers solitary, 2-nate or racemose. Lip fimbriate. No. 32, Z>. Devonianum ; No. 73, D, pul€hellum\ No. 88 , 1 ?. tortile- ^ * Mentum short. Lip calceolar (pyriform or hemispheric with inflexed margins). Flowers pink, coppery or yellow. No. 16, D, calceolaria ; No. 21, D. chrysocrepis, * * * * Mentum short. Lip not calceolar. Stem often swollen at the very base. Flowers golden yellow (or pale pink in D. Farmeri, Mentum long in D. lamellatum), — Xanthina or Holochrysa. t Stem terete (not clavate). Flowers racemose. § Lip fimbriate. {See also D. Gibsonii). No. 38, D. fimbriatum ; No. 15, D, Brymerianum ; No. 61, I>. mouhneinense. § § Lip with the margin entire or erase ( subfimbriate in D. Gibsonii^. No. 44, D. Gibsonii i No. 33, D. dixanthum \ No. 14. Z? bino' culare. t t Stem terete (not clavate). Flowers solitary or 2 — 3. (See also D. aggregatum). No. 19, D. chrysanthum : No. 47, D. Harveyanum. t t t Stem clavate. § Flowers racemose or i — 2 in, form of 1). aggregatum. Petals in all but D. lamellatum broader than the sepals. No. 31, D. densiflorum ; No. 85, D. sulcatum No. 46, D- Griffithianum ; No. 53, D, lamellatum / No. 3, D. aggregatum ; No. 20, D. chrysotoxum \ No. 37, D. Farmeri ; No. 65, D. palpebroe ; No. 17, D, capillipes ; No. 90, D. trigonopus ; No. 82, Z>. senile \ No. 43, D, Gallicea 7 ium, The Orchids of Burma. 133 Tribe II. EPIDENDREiE. Pollen-masses attached to a distinct caudicie, or joined together by some elastic material, but without a gland. Eria, including Ania (Tainia, Blume). A genus which includes plants of widely different size and apjjear- ance — some being small stemless plants with flattened pseudobulbs, not more than ^ in. high, bearing a pair of small leaves and i — 2 obscure flowers in their axis ; others being i ft. or more high, with short or lengthened pseudobulbs, and leaves leathery and smooth, or thin and plicate and variously disposed. The inflorescence also is various, being either in lateral or axillary racemes, or in dense heads, or consisting of solitary flowers on a thin peduncle. It is distinguished from Dendrobium by having 8 pollen-masses, instead of 4, which are round or pear-shaped and united in one or two bundles at their base by an elastic cobwebby material, not free as they are in that genus. The lip, articulated with the much prolonged and projecting base of the column, is commonly 3-lobed, and has crested or raised lines on its disk. Parish, Though combined by Parish in the above description, Eria and Tainia are treated as distinct genera by Hooker^ and are separately grouped in this book. 1. E. Acervata, Lindley in Journ. Hort. Soc. 1851, 57, with wood-cut^ and in Paxt. FI. Card, i, 170. Pseudobulbs crowded, leaves 3 — 5 oblanceolatc flaccid, racemes and flowers glabrous, scape interfoliar, bracts lanceolate, lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate 5 — 7-nerved, petals linear-oblong or obovate with 3 median ridges, side lobes about the middle incurved, midlobe ovate or orbicular, column very short. Tenasserim, Parish. Pseudobulbs i — 2 in., ellipsoid, grooved or flask-like and flattened if too crowded, not lengthening into long stems. Leaves 4 — 8 in., obtuse or acute, pale green, many nerved. Racemes 2 — 3 in., slender ; pedicels with ovary — i in. ; bracts half as long ; flower broad white or yellowish, membranous. The texture of the leaves is peculiar. In Herb, Calcqtt. is a drawing of a Sikkim plant which I take to be a 134 The Orchids of Burma. form of this with a more conical incurved mentum. Parish's Tenasserim plant has short broad leaves of a different texture. Hook, / in FI. Brit Ind. V. 796. Rchb. f. in Card. Ann. 1878, 106 ; Hook. f. Ic. Plant, t 1849 \ Walp. Ann. vi. 269 ; C. P. 276. ‘ Syn . — DendroMwn seriatumy Wall. MSS. E. Affinis, Griff. Notul. iii. 297 see E, bractescens Van 2 . E. Andamanica, Hook. f. Ic. Pi. ined. t 2073. Pseudobulbs as in E, Flava^ leaves elliptic-lanceolate, lateral sepals % in. long acuminate 4-nerved, petals oblanceolatc 5-nerved, lip i in. long narrowly oblong from a broad claw pubescent, side lobes narrow acute, axis thickened, rnidlobe as broad but much shorter, subqua^rate 2-fid. veined, column long. South Andaman Islands. Kurz. I advance this as a species with great hesitation, but the long column, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal, and the corresponding lip long are very strong characters (if constant). Hook, /. in FI, Brit. Ind. V. 801. E.r Ania, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. sec Tainia Latifolia, 3 . E. Biflora, Griff. Notul. iii. 302 (not of Lindl.). Stem clavate, internodes very short, leaves elliptic lanceolate, scape very short lateral 2-fld., bracts ovate-cordate, flowers very small glabrous, sepals oblong-lanceolate and linear-oblong petals obtuse 3-nerved, men- tum short incurved, disk with 2 broad lamellae and a median ridge, column very short. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith, Stems 4 — 6 in., tufted, slender below ; internodes ^ in., terete. Leaves 3 in. Scape yi in. ; bracts twice as long ; flower }{ in. diani., yellow-white. Lindley in founding his E, biflora on Griffith's Trich- otosia bflora, overlooked Griffith's E. bijtora. Hook, /. in FI, Brit. Ind. V. 800. The Orchids of Burma. 135 4 . E. Bractescens, Lindley in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 18 ; 1844, t. 29. Leaves 2 — 3 oblong, racemes slender and long pedicelled white flowers glabrous or puberulous, bracts large, lateral sepals — yi in. ovate-lanceolate acuminate falcate and linear-oblong petals 5-nerved, mentum conical subacute, hypochile cuneate-obovate with 3 thickened ridges, the^lateral short, side lobes pink rounded, midlobe quadrate. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Parish, Singapore, Cuming (Hort Loddiges). Pseudobulbs i — i in., crowded, oblong, 2 — 3-nodal. Leaves 3 — 4 in., obliquely 2-fid. Raceme suberect ; bracts linear-oblong or elliptic ; lower in., empty, margins recurved ; pedicel very slender, with the ovary i in. ; column rather long. Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 796 — 7, Walp. Reg, vi. 277. Var. ? Kurzii, Pseudobulbs 2 — 3 by — i in. diam. brown, leaves 3 — 5 by I — 2 in. elliptic shortly petioled, bracts elliptic flat tipped with pink, flowers much larger white, ridges of lip yellowish, midlobe orbicular- cordate. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 796 — 7. Syn. — E, Kurzii^ T. Anders. MSS. Andaman Islands, /c., in Herb, Calcutt. Var. ? Affinis, Pseudobulbs elongate rugose, leaves lanceolate, bracts yellowish tinged with brown, racemes sparsely pubescent, flower white, base of green lip pale orange, foot of column red. Syn. — E. Affinis^ Griff. Notul. iii. 297. (Lindley Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 54 ; C. P. 196. B, G.) Mergui, Griffith^ who suggests its being a variety of his E.pulchella (Griffithiiy R. f.) Hook,/, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 797. 5 . E. Ooncolor, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 148 ; C. P. 128. Pseudobulbs fusiform, .leaves linear-lanceolate, racemes suberect few-fld. sparsely pubescent, bracts small ovate-lanceolate, lateral sepals The Orchids of Burma. 136 }i in. ovate-lanceolate acuminate and oblong acute petals 3 — 5-nerved, hypochile oblong, base narrow cuneate, sidelobes very narrow, disk with a thick ridge, midlobe orbicular retuse apiculate. Tenasserim. Parish \ on Moolyet, Gallatly, Pseudobulbs i — 3 in., young clothed with truncate cupular imbri- cating sheaths. Leaves 4 — 6 in., very narrow, rather membranous. Racemes very slender ; flowers 2 — 4, pale yellow-green ; mentum ob- tusely triangular ; epichile dirty yellow ; column rather long. Described chiefly from Parish's drawing. Very like Griffithii^ except in the small bracts. HooLf, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 798. 6. E. Oonvallarioides, Lindley, in Wall. Cat. 1975 > Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 53; Gen. and Sp. p. 70; in Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 62, Misc. 58, and 1847, t. 63. Stem after flowering very stout, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate plicate, flowers in nodding oblong spikes small densely crowded, con- cealing the membranous bracts, sepals very broad obtuse 5 — 7-nerved, mentum rounded, petals 3-nerved, lip cuneate truncate or with a broadly triangular warted tip. Tenasserim, Parish. Tropical Himalaya, from Kumaon, alt. 4000 ft., Strachey and Winter bottom^ eastwards to the Khasia and Naga Hills, ascending to 5000 ft. Stem after flowering 2 — 8 in., Sometimes i in. diam. Leaves 4 — 7 by I — 2 in., loosely sheathed. Scape 2 — 3 in. ; spike as long, ovoid ; flowers subglobose, glabrous or sparsely pilose, white or straw-coloured ; bracts equalling the ovary, lowest longest. Capsule Yi in., ellipsoid. Hook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 791. Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 159 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 276 ; C. P. 14 1. Syn. — Octomeria Spicata^ Don Prodr. 31. O. Convallarioides, Wall. MSS. Pinalia Alba^ Ham. MSS. Var. Major^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 23, is only a large speci- men. H. f 7 . E. Dasyphylla, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 147 ; C. P. 79- The Orchids of Burma. 137 Hirsute all over, steins interlaced, leaves % — yi in., sessile fleshy elliptic-obovate, flowers very small solitary shortly pedunftled. Pegu, Kurz ; Tenasserim, Heifer^ {K, D. 3382)^ Parish, Stems as thick as a sparrow-quill. Leaves subacute, convex on both surfaces. Scape in. ; bracts cupular ; sepals 5-nerved, dorsal very small, lateral triangular, acute ; mentum large, rounded ; petals broadly oblong, i — 3-ncrvcd ; lip large, cuneately obovate, sidelobes small, midlobe broader, nerves strong ; anther beaked ; pollinia equal, pyriform. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 808. 8. E. Dasypus, Rchb. f. in £ot Zeit. 1864, 415, ( } 416 ). Pseudobulb cylindric, leaves 2 — 3 narrowly oblanceolate obtuse, racemes lateral slender white-woolly few-fld., bracts broadly ovate apicu- late, pedicels slender and ovate oblong obtuse 3— 4-nerved, sepals woolly, petals oblong 3-nerved, lip cuneate-obovate, with 3 median ridges, sidelobes oblong, almost as long as the transverse midlobe, column long. "1 enasserim ; at Mergui, Parish. Pseudobulbs — 2 in., as thick as the little finger, erect. Leaves as long. Racemes 1 in. very slender \ bracts membranous, apiculate ; pedicel Yi in, ; sepals in. ; mentum rounded, subincurved. Hook./. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 802. C. P. 235, E. Discolor, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Non-Burman, see E. Pulchella. 9 . E. Elongata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 49. Characters E. Flava^ but spikes often much longer, flowers smaller, often pedicelled, petals oblanceolate. Tenasserim and Ava, IVa/lich, Griffith^ Lobb^ Parish. Syn. — E. Flava^ Griff. Notul. iii. 301 ; Wall Cat. 1973/3 O*' part.) 1 doubt this being more than a variety of E. Flava \ but there may be several species included under this and E. Flava. Hook. / in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 801. C. P. 235. 138 The Orchids of Burma. For further description see E. Flava under E, Flava Var. Lanaia^ B.G. 10. E. eriopsidobttlbon., Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 148 ; C. P. 281. Leaves 2—3 narrow, spike short puberulous, brjcts equalling the very small glabrous flowers, lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate obtuse and linear-oblong acute petals 3-nerved, mentum short incurved, lip obovate with 2 thickened arched ridges on the disk, sidelobes above the middle midlobe small semicircular 5-ridged \ column long. Tenasserim \ at Maulmein, Parish, Pseudobulbs 2 in., oblong or ovoid. Leaves 4 — 6 in., linear-lanceolate nerves slender. Spike 2 in. ; nerves of sepals and petals quite simple Hook,p in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 796. 11. E. Extinctoria, Oliver in Bot. Mag. t. 5910. Pseudobulbs round, flattened and even depressed on the top, growing in small crowded patches, about in. across and the same in height, bearing when fully matured in the rainy season, one small ovate pointed leaf in the centre. Before the dry season has well set in, and the plant flowers (the only time when it is likely to attract attention) these have fallen off and, in its place, exactly in the axis of the bulb, stands a slender erect peduncle about 2 inches high, which gradually swelling into the germ, terminates in a solitary flower, about in. long. Upper sepal ovate acute, lateral sepals same general shape, but produced downwards and adnate to the prolonged column, which ends in a blunt, rounded or slightly notched spur. Petals smaller lanceolate. Lip 3-lobed, middle lobe large and itself 2-lobed, segments rounded, lateral lobes smaller, rounded and crenate. The lip tapers to a claw attached to the foot of the column, and has three raised lines along its length. Colour white tinged with pink; the three papillose ridges of the lip and interme diate space are orange-yellow, with just a tinge of pink. Base of column inside yellow. Spur greenish. Anther blotched with deep purple red on each side. 1 have here given the colours as seen and carefully drawn by myself. The Orchids of Burma. 139 I consider the fig. in Bot. Mag. (5910), much too highly coloured, and the pollen masses to be incorrectly drawn by the artist. I find them 8, but in two bundles of 4, nearly round, united by their sudden- ly tapering caudicles, by an elastic cobwebby substance. Parish. Tenasserim, "at Maulmein, Griffith^ Parish. Hook. f. in. ‘FI. Brit. Ind. v. 788; C. P. 308. Syn. — Dendrob. Extinctorium^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 1756, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, p. ii ; Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. C. P. 308. 12 . E. Flava. Var. Lanata. Lindl. Flowers smaller, lip narrower (than the type) midlobe purplish with thickened nerves on the disk. Hook /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 801. Tenasserim, Griffith ( Kew Histrib. ji2j)y Heifer (Kem Distrib. S122). Sikkim Himalaya,/. H. H Syn. — E. Lanata^ Griff. Notul. iii. 301 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 49. In connection with the above I give the description of E. Flava^ which is not a Burman species. B. G. Pseudobulbs large 3 — 5 -leaved, scape and sessile flowers white tomentose, lateral sepals 2/3 in. ovate-lanceolate obtuse 9-nerved, mentum subcylindric, petals obtuse 3-nerved, hypochile broadly oblong puberulous, lobes short broad, epichile subquadrately rounded. Tropical Himalaya, from Garwhal eastwards to Bhotan. Pseudobulbs 3 — 4 in. ; base sheathed ; young leafy throughout. Leaves 6 — 10 in., petioled, acuminate, often loaded with con- certions. Scape 6 — 10 in., stout ; bracts — i in., ovate, acuminate ; ovary — i in ; flowers yellow with purplish markings on the disk of the lip, which is tumid or variously thickened, claw very broad ; column short, broad, Hook.f. 1. c. Syn. — E. Pubescens. Lindl. ; E, Laniceps Rchb. ; Dendrob. ? Pub- tscens Hook. Exot. FI. ; Octomeria Flava Wall. MSS. ; O. Pubescens Spreng. Syst. ; C. P. 51 ? 140 The Orchids of Burma. 13 . E. Floribunda, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7408 ; Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc. 43 ; 1844, t. 23, (?2o) ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 60. Stem very stout, erect, terete, fleshy, leaves subterminal linear- lanceolate to elliptic, flowers small, very many in leaf-opposed or lateral decurved spikes, lateral sepals very short and obtuse, mentum deeply saccate, sidelobes of lip basal acute, separated from the small fan-shaped truncate midlobe by a strong ridge. Malayan Peninsula ; from Tenasserim to Singapore. Hook, /. Burma, Parish, Stem TO — 18 in., as thick as the thumb or less. Leaves 2 — 5, 5 — 10 by yi — 2>i in., many-nerved. Scape short and rachis stout ; pubescent ; spike 3 — 6 in. ; bracts ^ in. broadly ovate, reflexed ; flowers % in. broad, white tinged with pink ; dorsal sepal small, broad, obtuse, 3 — s-nerved ; petals ovate-oblong, obtuse column very short ; pollinia very narrow. The specimens present great differences in size, breadth of leaf, and the tip of the lip, but 1 am unable to And specific characters for the forms. Hook, f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 792. Walp. Ann. vi. 276 ; C P. 282. 14. E. Fragrans, Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. xxii. 415. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, spikes long drooping pubescent, bracts lanceolate equalling the ovary, sepals ^ — 1 in. and narrower, petals lanceolate acuminate falcate, 5’nerved, lip with 5 crenulate ridges from the base nearly to the tip, side lobes earlike, midlobe as long lanceolate. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Falconer^ Parish, Pseudobulb 2 — 3 in., ovoid, sheathed. Leaves 8 — 12 in., variable in breadth. Spikes longer \ flowers very sweet, white \ side lobes of lip red; mentum rounded, incurved; column very short. Hook,J, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 794. Syn. — E, Stellata^ sp. aff. Bot. Mag. 3605, and Bot, Reg. t. 904. 15 . E. Oriffithii, Rchb. f. Xen. Orch, ii, 163. Leaves 2 — 3 shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate, racemes erect, pubescent equalling the leaves, flowers ochreous, bracts large oblong, margins revolute, lateral sepals lanceolate acute, mentum rather long, The Orchids of Burma. 141 petals ovate-lanceolate, hypochile cuneate 3-ridged, sidelobes rounded purple, iiiidlobe ovate acute yellow. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith, Parish. I cannot distinguish dried specimens of this from E, bractescens^ There is an excellent drawing of it by Griffith in Herb. Lindley and by Parish at Kew. Identified by Lindl. with braciescens. Griffith’s specimens have ovoid rugose almost grooved pseudobulbs, 2 — 3 in., long, and leaves narrowed into a petiole, but in his drawing the pseudobulbs are small and leaves sessile. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 797. C. P. 102 and 107. Syn. — E. Pulchella Griff. Notul. iii. 297. ? Lindl. Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 54. Very near to E. bractescens. Parish. E. (ania) Hologlossa, see Tainia Hologlossa. 16. E. Marginata, Rolfe. in Gard. Chron. 1889, i. 200. Stem clavate slender below, leaves 3 linear-oblong obtuse, scape short 2-fld. and sepals white tomentose, bracts large oblong, lateral sepals triangular lanceolate acuminate 5-nerved, petals oblong obtuse 7-nerved, mentum rounded, hypochile oblong, sidelobes uncinate much shorter than the rounded crenate pubescent epichile, disk with a tomentose ridge and tubercle at the base of the epichile. Burma (Hori. Bonham Carter). Stem 3 in. Leaves as long. Scape in., bracts % in., petaloid, glabrate, yellow ; pedicel with ovary as long ; flower i in. diam., white flushed with pink \ lip pale yellow, margined with red. Described from one specimen. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 800. Bot. Mag. t. 7238. 17. E. Meirax, N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. 1880, 603. Sepals glabrous 5-nerved coherent into a gibbous-based tube with free ovate acute lobes, petals broadly oblong, 5 —7-nerved ciliate, lip minute ovate-cordate 5-nerved serrulate. Tenasserim ; at Moulmejn. Parish. Sikkim Himalaya, Elwes. 142 The Orchids of Burma. Pseudobulbs Yi in. diam. minutely reticulate. Leaves not seen in Moulmein specimens, in Sikkim i in., oblong-lanceolate, acute, petioled. Flowers yi in. long ; bracts very large, hemispheric, with a long muc|p. Mr. Brown indicates the probability of E. Elwesii not differing from E. Meirax^ and no distinctive characters for it are given. Hook, f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 786 — 7. Syn. E, Elwesii^ Rchb. f. Card. Chron. 1883, i. 402. Cryptochilus Afeirax, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 148. Parish's description is as follows : — “ It is a dwarf species, steniless, consisting wholly of a flattened pseudobulb in. diam. attached to the tree on which it grows by minute fibrous roots. Each bulb produces i sessile flower, large for the size of the bulb. Its peculiar feature is that the exterior segments of the flower cohere at their edges, and thus form a sort of tube concealing the lip. It has a 2-celled anther with 4 pollen-masses in each.” Aggeianthus Marchantioides^ Wight's Icon. 1737. C.P. 251. 18. E. Merguensis, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 52. Pseudobulb clavate, spikes lateral, lip 3-lobed with a pubescent callus on each side lobe. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith {Kew Distrib. si2o)y Heifer (Kew Dhtrib,ss 8 jf Parish, Pseudobulb 2 — 3 in,, stipitate. Leaves as long linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute. Scape with raceme 2 — 5 in., bracts obsolete; petals elliptic, i-nerved. Hook.f FI. Brit Ind. v. 791. Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1880, 616 ; C.P. 52. 19. E. Muscicola, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii. 47 . Leaves 2 3 petioled oblanceolate apiculate, scape and raceme longer than the leaves, flowers very small, bracts ovate or lanceolate, sepals lanceo- late finely acuminate i — 3-nerved, lateral falcate, petals narrowly Ian. ceolate r 3-nerved, mentum rounded, lip narrow lanceolate or slightly dilated in the middle. Tenasserim, Parish. Nepal, Wallich Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, Veryjike a small state of E. Dalzellii (with which Rchb. is dis- The Orchids of Burma. 143 posed to unite it), but the lip is never panduriform. There may be more than one species here. In Tenasserim specimens the lip has very r^rrow sidelobes about the middle, and an obtuse tip. Hook, f in FI Brit. Ind. v, 789. R. fil. Trans. Unn. Soc. xxx. 148 ; CP. 320. Syn. — Dendrok^ muscicola^ Lindl. in Wall. Cal. 2017 ; Gen. and Sp. 75 - Parish gives a Syn. D.filiforme^ Wight’s Icon. 1642, which Hooker refers to E, Nana^ A. Rich, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xi. 19, not a Bur- man species (lower right hand, fig. in Wight’s Icon.) ; and another Syn. E. Dalzeliii^ Lindl. in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. iii. 47 (another non-Burman species) which is referred by Hooker to D.filifornie, Wight’s Ic, t. 1642, (central and left hand figures). B,G, 20 . E. Myristiciformis, Hook. Bot. Mag t. 5415. Pseudobulbs ellipsoid, leaves 2 — 3 oblanceolate, racemes erect and flowers glabrous, bracts lanceolate exceeding the ovary reflexed, laterul sepals ovate acute 5-ncrved, petals oblong 3-nerved, mentum rounded, lip obovate with 2 long calli between the small rounded side lobes and an ovate crested midlobe, disk ridged. Tenasserim ; at Mouimein. Parish. Pseudolmlbs of the size and form of nutmegs, striate. Leaves 5 — 7 in., acute. Racemes much shorter than the leaves ; ])cdicels with ovary I in. ; flowers pure while ; lip yellowish ; column very short. Speci- mens insufficient. Parish’s E. trilophata^ MSS., referred by Reich- enbach to E. dasypns^ is, I think, thi.s. Hook f. FI. Bril. Ind. v. 797. C. P. 113. 21 . E. Obesa, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1976 ; Gen. and Sp. 68; in Bot. Reg. 1844, under t 29 ; in Journ. J.inn. Soc. iii. 53. Pseudobulbs i — 3 in. very stoutly clavale, silvery green and with scarious sheaths, racemes lateral subcorymbose few-fld. puberulous, bracts large, -flowers ^ in. long, sepals lanceolate acuminate falcate 5 -nerved, mentum subconic, petals oblong-lanceolate 3-nerved, lip nearly 19 144 Tftii Orchids of Burma. as long as the sepals linear-oblong, sides obscurely lobed, disk with 3 thickened ridges. Martaban, Wallich ; Tenasserim \ at Mergui, Griffith^ Parishs “ lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,” Flowers white, lip pale yellow with purple lines. Capsule in. long slender. Hook, /. in FI. Brit. Ind, v. 794. Walp. Rep. vi. 277 ; Bot. Mag. 5391 ; C. P. 24. Pseudobulbs short, ovate, plump, 2 — 3 in. high, 3 — 4 together, their rather flattened sides touching each other. Leaves 4 — 5 beginning from near the base, and terminating (each) in a broad sheath, which clasps the bulb all round. 'I'hese sheaths slope alternately to right and left, and are striated, or marked with lines, as are also the bulbs, which are somew'hat constricted at the internodes. Flowers small, Yn in., almost colourless, forming a raceme of 3 — 4, with large ovate reflexed bracts at the junction of the stalks. Parish. Syn. — E Lindleyamiy (iriff. Notul. iii. 300. 22. E, Pannea, Lindl. in Hot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 64. ( ? 79 ) ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 50, Stems very short i — 4- leaved from a creeping rootstock, leaves linear terete fleshy, scape i — 2-fld and large ovate bracts and sepals densely woolly, sepals ovate-lanceolate obtuse, petals linear-oblong woolly, mentum rather long obtuse, lip oblong obtuse thick concave with an oblong granulate callus at the base and near the tip. Tenasserim, Parish. Sikkim Himalaya, Herb, Griffith,, alt. 1 — 2000 ft.,y. D. H. Khasia Hills, alt. 3 — 4000 ft.,y. D. H 6^ T, T. Perak, Scortechini, Malacca, on Mount Ophir, Lobb. Singapore, Hort. Lodd. Distrib. Borneo. Rhizome as thick as a crow-tjuill ; stems woolly, sometimes forming small globose i)seudobulbs. Leaves i—io in. by ^ — Y diam- often pustulate. Scape 2—1 flower sessile; lateral sepals Ys in. long ; column very short. Griffith’s teretijolia from Malacca, together with the Perak and Singapore plants, may be different from the Sikkim and Rhasia ones, the former having narrow lanceolate and the latter broadly ovate bracts. Hook./. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 804. The Orchids of Bukii||. 145 VValp. Ann. vi. 273 ; C. P. 313. Syn. — ? E. teretifolia, GriflF. Notul. iii. 298, t, 300, fig, 2 ; Itinerary 202, No. 1185 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 300. 23 . E. Parishii, Lindl. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn Soc. xxx 147 - Leaves ovate acute ciliolate, sepals free glabrous 3-nerved, dorsal large orbicular-ovate obtuse, lateral short uncinately recurved obtuse, mentum large rounded, petals lanceolate falcate 3 — 5-nervcd, lip very small elliptic subacute at both ends. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Pseudobulbs )A — ^ in. diain. Leaves in. Floivers minute, sepals in. long ; pollinia, pyriform. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 787. C. P. 61. 23 / 1 . E. Perpusilla, see Phreatia perpusilla. This plant is described twice in the Flora of British India, once under Erial^o. 12) and again under Phreatia (No. 3). B. G. 24 . E. pleurothalliB, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 147, tab. 30 C. \ C. P. 160. Small, tufted, leaf solitary from a very short stem which is hidden by imbricating reticulately nerved sheaths coriaceous petioled linear-ob- long or oblanceolate obtuse, scapes from sheaths on the side of the stem filiform and very small solitary flower woolly, sepals in, long broad obtuse 3-nerved, petals narrow i — 3-nerved, lip with a broad claw orbicu- lar, side lobes and midlobe small solid globose. Tenasserim ; on Moolyet, alt. 5000 ft.. Parish. Tufted, pseudobulb O ; stem yk in., sheaths in., acute. Leaves when young ensiform, mature 2 — 2 j 4 in. Scape much shorter; bract un- der the flower small, membranous, sheathing ; mentum large, rounded ; column very short. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 804. 26 . E. pulchella, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7407; in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 52, ( ? 106) ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 51. (not of Griffith). Pseqdobulbs ellipsoid or clavate, leaves, 2-^5 subcoriaceous, flowers THE^Rciiins OK Burma. 146 few in a stout leaf-opposed white-tomentose scape, sepals short thick spreading from the base tomentose on both surfaces, mentum O, lip small sessile entire orbicular or siibcordate, disk thickened pubescent, column long stout, foot very short with a large purple shining tubercle at the base. 'rcnasscrim, alt, 4000 ft. Parish. Perak, Scortechini^ Malacca, Cuming. Distrib. Siam, Java. Pseitdohulh i- pluri-nodal 2 — 10 in. long, contracted at both ends. Leaver 3 — 5 in., sessile, obtuse or notched. Scape 2 — 3 in., base sheathed; bracts orbicular, coriaceous; flowers yellow, ^ in. diam. ; lateral sepals broadly ovate ; petals linear-oblong, tomentose ; lip with a minute claw, mobile Very distinct from its congeners in the s|)rcading flowers, lip, and foot of column ; perhaps a distinct section with E. Barhata^ which also has a mobile lip. Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. V. 802. I have lately received more specimens, and from Calcutta drawings of this plant, from which I conclude that Lindley was right in distingui- shing E, discolor from E, pulchella though he assigns no good reasons for doing so. The chief differences are the very large stout articulate pscudobulbs of E<, discolor^ its much stouter rhizome, and stouter more glabrous scape with more numerous cochleate coriaceous bracts. D, Pulchella^ is a Malayan species, from Tenasserim to Java. E, dis^ color has been found only in Sikkim. Both have nearly orbicular lips articulate with the pulvinate purple shining foot of the column by a very narrow short claw. Hook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 190. VValp. Ann. vi. 271. SvN. — Callostylis rigida^ Blumc, Bijd. 340, f. 74 ; Lindl. (ien. and Sp. 129. Tylostylis^ Blume, FI. Jav. Prref. vi. Parish gives his C. P. 314 for both discolor and pulchella (not of Oififith), with the note, 1 incline to believe E, Pulchella No. 277 and E, Discolor No. 278 of p. 51 Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. together with Callo- styles rigida^ are all one and the same. 26 . E. Fulvinata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 56. The Orchids of Bur'ma. 147 Villously hirsute, stems short; — 2111. ovate subacute, flowers solitary hirsute, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals linear, lip spathulnte emarginate hairy and with a pubescent cushion within the tip. Tenasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith. Described by Lindley from (an evidently enlarged) drawing by Griffith. Parish has a drawing of a plant named “ E. Pulvinata ” with tufted erect stems 6 in. long swollen at the base, flowers white 2-nate nearly i in. long, mentum truncate much shorter than the sepals. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 807. Griffith^ Mergui, No. 2. Aug. 17, 1834; C. P. 274, (these refer- ences by Parish. B. G.). 27. E. Pumila, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1972 ; (len. and Sp. 68 ; in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 79. Pscudobulbs 2 — 3 in., subcylindric or clavate, leaves lanceolate acuminate, flowers minute subcapitatc on a short lateral peduncle, sepals very broad obtuse 3-nerved, mentum rounded, petals linear acute i-nerved, lip broadly oblong 3-nerved, side lobes long spreading lanceo- late acuminate close under the small orbicular midlobe. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Khasia Hills, Wallich. Pseudobulbs ^ in. diam., tufted. Leaves petiolcd acuminate. Spike in., oblong; bracts very broad, membranous; flowers y in. diam. subglobose. Capsule y in., pubescent. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. V. 791 — 2. Walp. Ann. vi. 278; C. P, 234. 28. E. Rimanni, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1885, ii. 712. Pseudobulbs 3 by i in., pyriform, leaves 2 — 4 cuneate-oblong acute coriaceous light green 1 1 -nerved, raceme dense-ttd. drooping and inflorescence rusty-pilose, flowers pellucid sulphur coloured, lateral sepals triangular, mentum long obtuse, petals oblong obtuse, lip cuneate, side lobes dimidiate-oblong, midlobe transversely oblong emarginate golden with 2 purple spots, base with a tumid callus. Burma (IJort. Saunders J. 148 The Orchids of Burma. Probably near E, Griffiihii, R. f. I have seen no specimens. Hook.f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 809. {among doubtful species). 29. E. Ringens, R. hi. in Bonplandia, v. 222. Pseudobulb 5 in. fusiform, leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate, racemes lateral glabrous, bracts ovate much shorter than the pedicels, flowers ^ in., sepals lanceolate and broadly linear, petals 3-nerved, lip small ovate acute 5-nerved with an oblong thickening on each side below the middle. 'I'enasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Pseudobulb as thick as the finger in the middle. Leaves 5 — 6 in., terminal. Raceme 2 — 2^2 in., suberect. I.indl. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 55) refers this to E. Ovata, Bot. Reg. xxx. (1844) sub. tab. 29, of the Philippines, which has ovate obtuse leaves and a pubescent raceme- Hook./. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 793. C. P. 324. 30 . E. Rttflnula, Rchb. f. in Hamb. Gartenzeit xix. 13. Hirsute, leaves 3 — 4 in., narrowly anceolate very coriaceous, spikes short 2 — 4-fld. hispid, bracts long narrow recurved, sepals lanceolate, petals oblanceolate acute 3-nerved, lip glabrous except the ciliate base, claw broad, limb obcordate. ? Tenasserim, Heifer. Sikkim^ Himalaya, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. Cachar, Keenan. Stem 10 — 12 in., about as thick as a duck's quill. Leaves subfalcate, usually (in Sikkim) loaded with concretions. Flowers in. long, bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, falcate ; mentum much shorter than the sepals ; lip much thickened along the mesial line and tip ; foot of column glabrous. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 807 — 8, Syn. — E Annulata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii 57. (not of Blume). 31. E. siccaria, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 50. Pseudobulbs narrowly oblong, leaves linear or linear-lanceolate semi‘terete fleshy channelled, scape slender and flowers white-woolly, bracts ovate acuminate, lateral sepals ovate obtuse 5— 7-nerved, petals The Orchids of Burma. *49 linear- or obovate-oblong s-nerved, mentum obscure, lip shortly broad- ly clawed, sidelobes spreading rounded, midlobe obcordate, disk with a tricrural thickened ridge. /renasserim ; at Mergui, Griffith^ Parish- Pseudobulbs — 2 in., long, from a stout woody rhizome. Leaves 4 — 6 in., acuminate, tapering to the base (dry pustulate). Scape 4 — 6 in. bracts y!^ in. ; pedicel with slender ovary in. ; flowers spreading, in. across, white with purple markings on the lip. Hook.p in FI. Brit. Ind. V. 802. C. P. 100, 32. E. tomentosa, Hook. f. Pseudobulbs large ovoid, leaves few elliptiooblong very thick, scape terniinal very stout and raceme brown-villous, bracts very large, pedicels with the long ovary i — in., sepals coriaceous falcate lanceolate, men- tum large incurved, petals oblanceolate, lip oblong strongly nerved, claw broad, sidelobes narrow, midlobc clawed subquadrately cordate. Tenasserim (Ic-in Herb- LindL and Parish)- Silhet, Wallich^ Khasia Hills, alt. 3 — 4000 ft., and Chittagong, at Seeta Koond, J- D. H. CT" 7 \ T- (E- ornata). Pseudobulbs 2 — 4 in., from a very stout woody rhizome, 3 — 4-leaved when young. Leaves 3 — 6 by i — 3 in., nerveless, smooth and almost spongy, contracted into a very thick petiole. Scape 6 — 12 in., as thick as a goose-quill or less, base with short coriaceous sheaths \ rachis of raceme stout, scarred after fruiting ; bracts 1 in, and less, oblong or lanceolate, not reflexed, coarsely veined w'ith a broad thickened rough- ened central area from the base to the apiculate tip. This differs from the Philippine Island E. ornata in the much shorter bracts and lip. Hook. f. in FI. Bril. Ind. v. 803. Syn. — E- ornata^ Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 48 (not of Gen. and Sp. Orch.). C. P. 109 ? E- Flava^2\\- Cat. 1973/2 (in part). Epidendrum tomentosum^ Koenig in Retz. Obs. vi. 53. Parish gives references to E- ornata,^ Lindl. both in Journ. Linn. Soc. and Gen. and Sp. 66 \ he also gives a Syn. E^ Armenica Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 42, which I do not find in FI. Brit. Ind. B- G- The Orchids or Burma. ISO 33 . E. truncata, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 58. Slem siibcylindric, leaves lanceolate, scape short and dowers tomentose, bracts large oblong, sepals oblong-ovate obtuse 7-nerved, mentum rounded, petals linear-oblong falcate 5 nerved, lip sessile deshy semicircular truncate with a slender triple ridge, column rather long and broad. Tenasscrim ; on I'houng-gyun, alt. 4 — 5000 ft. Lobb. (Maulmein, Z*. Lobb. fide Parish.) - - Stem 4 — 6 in., covered with obtuse sheaths. Leaves 3 — 5 in., thick, acute. Peduncle in., stout, pedicel with ovary as long ; sepals in. long, white. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind v. 799. C. P. 273. 34 . E. Ustulata, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 147 ;C. P. 62. Leaves elliptic or broadly ovate subacute ciliolate, perianth 2- labiate pubescent, lateral sepals connate, mentum obscure, petals subspathulate 3 — 5-ncrved, lip orbicular with a short tip erosely ciliatc, Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. The lip is described by the authors of the species as oblong acute undulate umbonate at the base. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 787. 35 . E. Velutina, G. Loddiges in Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 86. (not of Thwailcs). Slem above and leaves softly villous, leaves 2 — 3 in. thickly coriaceous oblong-lanceolate, dowers few in subscssilc spikes, bracts ovate coriaceous, sepals ovatc-Ianccolate, petals linear obtuse 5-nerved lip very long-clawed, glabrous with a villous cushion on the cuneate obovate limb. Tenasserim, Heifer (JCcw distrib. 5110). Singapore, Cuming. {Hart. Lodd.). Malacca^ Maingay. Stem T — 2 ft., as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves with strongly revolute margins when dry. Spikes dense-fid. ; mentum as long as the sepals ; side lobes of lip rounded, midlobe short, 2-fid. ; foot of column puberulous. The dowers are described in Bot. Reg. as solitary. The Orchids of Burma. 151 Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 870. Walp. Ann. vi. 274. 36 . E. Vestita. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 76 ; 1845, 2. Stems tufted, a foot or more long pendulous, about the diam. of a lead-pencil, very dry and hard near the base, where they are generally leafless, being leafy only for about Yz of their length ; leaves lanceolate acute, 3 — 4 in. long, and i or a little more broad, fleshy, profusely covered with soft rufous hairs on both sides, making them velvety to the touch. Racemes axillary, very short, consisting of 3 — 4 flowers only. The short hairy stalk is rather zigzag and bears 5 — 6 ovate pointed bracts, the 2 — 3 lower of which are without flowers. Flowers sessile in the superior ones Yi Dorsal sepal linear, lateral sepals broad, connate below and forming a blunt spur. Petals narrow linear, about the same length as the sepals, showing their recurved tips between. Lip attached by the base*of the curved spur, and curved conformably to it, undivided, wedge-shaped, rounded at the point about the length of the sepals. Column cylindrical, contained in the same line as the short ovary. Anther deep purple. Petals white, lip pale yellow. Sepals, bracts, flower, stem, and margin of lip, red with hairs. Tavoy. I have been minute in my description of this plant in the hope that it may be sent home and satisfactorily determined. My dried specimens appear to have been lost, and by a strange omission, the pollen-masses are wanting from my drawing of the flowers. In the absence of flowers, the'plant exactly resembles E, Vesfiia^* (sic) of the Bot. Mag. No. 5807, In consequence of the dried and wiry character of the roots I could never succeed in making it attach itself to a tree, and it always refused to grow with me. Parish, C. P. 64. Parish’s plant may perhaps differ from the E. vestita of the Flora of British India, which is not mentioned as a Burmese species by Hooker. His description is as follows — 2Q 152 The Orchids of Burma. Stem stout rufously hispid, leaves 5 — 7 in. thickly coriaceous gla- brous above nerveless, spike long laxly many-fld., bracts large ovate, sepals lanceolate, petals linear obtuse, lip oblong shortly clawed 5 — 7- lamellate. Singapore, Wallich, Malacca, Maingay (Keiv Distrib, 1626), Perak, 4200 ft. Curtis. — Uistrib. Borneo. Stem as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves tomentose beneath, midrib raised, otherwise nerveless. Spike 6 — 10 in.; bracts in. ; sepals within and petals white ; menturn half as long as the sepals ; side lobes of lip narrow’, obtuse ; midlobe transverse, crisped, emarginate ; column glabrous ; pollinia very slender. Capsule i in., oblong, walls very thick. Wallich’s 2005 consists of detached stem, leaves and fruit of this ; a good fruiting specimen of E.ferox^ and leaves of a third species. Lindley received from him a good specimen of this, and none of ferox. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 806. Bot. Mag. t. 5807 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 274; Blume Mus. ii. 184. Syn. — Dendrob. vestitum^ Wall. Cat. 2005 (in part) ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 82. KEY TO SPECIES. Eria.* Lindley. Epiphytes of various habit. Flowers never large or bright-coloured. Sepals free (very rarely connate), adnate to the elongate foot of the column, and with it forming a short or long and spur like or saccate menturn (menturn O in E leiophylla). Lip sessile on the foot of the column and incumbent (mobile va E. pulchella 2indi barbatd). Anther imperfectly 4 or 8-celled ; pollinia normally 8, pyriform or broadly ovoid, attached in fours by narrow bases to a viscus. Perhaps the most polymorphous genus of Orchids, and very difficult of division into definable groups. Though never confounded with Dendrobium the only See Appendix A. Genus 19. The Orchids of Burma. *53 available distinctive character between these is the oblong pollinia of the latter genus, and nipre or less pyriform of ** Eria*'. In the following descriptions of the species, I have omitted many characters of the column, anthers and pollen that are doubt- less of fiist-rate importance, but cannot be sufficiently well detected or examined in dried specimens as to form safe sectional characters. I am unable to retain as sections Urostachya and Cylindrolobus, The monotypic sections Xiphosium^ Dilo- chiopsist and PellaianthuSy are aberrant. E. pulc/zella, Lindl. {Callostylis^ Blume), should form a section (or genus) if the lip is, as Blume says, mobile ; perhaps to- gether with E, barbata^ which, according to Griffith, has a tremulous lip. The thickened nerves, calli, &c., of the lip in many species are very variable in develop- ment ; and considerable allowance must be made for faulty characters due to the un- satisfactory condition of complicated organs that have been dried for years, and restored by maceration or boiling. Section 1 . Porpax, Lindl. (Gen.). No. 17; Meirax ; No. 34; E, ustulata\ No. 23; E- Parishii, Section II. Conchidium, Griff. (Gen.). No. II ; E. Extinctoria, Section III. Bryobium, Lindl. (Gen.) No. ; 23/1 E, perpusilla ; No. 19 ; E. MuscicoUu Section IV. Eriura, Lindl. No Burmese species. Section V. Mycaranthes, Blume (Gen.). No. 18 j E, Aferguensis, Section VI. Hymeneria, Lindl. (and Urostachya^ Lindl.) * Flowers small or minute in dense spikes, racemes, or clusters. No. 63 E, Convallarioides ; E,floribunda, No. 27 ; iff. puviila. * * Flowers small or medium sized, in lax many-fld. spikes or racemes. t Lip entire or nearly so. No. 21 ; E. Obesa; No. 29 \ E, Ringens, 154 The Orchids of Burma. t t Lip 3-lobed. ' § Flowers sessile or subsessile. No. lo ; E. Eriopsidobulbon ; No. 14 ; E, Fragrans, § § Flowers pedicelled. a Bracts large^ lanceolate or ovate-oblong. No. I ; E, Acervata ; No. 4; E, Bractescens ; No. 15 ; E Grtf- fit hit ; No. 20; E, Myristiciformis, Q Bracts small or narrow. No. 5 ; E, Concolor. * * * Stem erect elongate, terete, cylinderic or clavate, (broad and compressed in E, BiJolia\ fleshy or rigid. Leaves few, usually subter- minal. Floivers i — 3, medium sized, usually long-pedicelled on a short sometimes obsolete lateral or subterminal peduncle or scape with as many large spreading white often coloured bracts, sessile amongst the leaves when the peduncle is short or O ; flowers usually white. (Cylin- drolobus \ Blume, Gen.). (See also Gen. 33. Trichosina), No. 3 ; E, Biflora ; No. 16 ; Marginata ; No. 33 ; E, Truncata, Section VII. Dendrolirion. Lindl. * Fseiidobulbs iisiuilly large. Inflorescence white or yellowish toment- ose or woolly. No. 2 ; E, Andamanica ; No, 8 ; E, Dasypus\ No. 9/ E, Elong- ata\ No. 12; E. Flava, Var, Lanaia ; No. 25; E, Fulchella ; No. -y E, Sicaria, * * Fseudobiilbs large, Floivers brown- to?nentose. No. 32 ] E, Tomentosa, * * * Pseudobtflbs very small or O. No. 22 ; E. Pannea ; No. 24 ; E. PleurothalHs, Section VUI. Bambusifolia, Hook. f. No Burmese species. Section TX. Trichotosia, Blume (Gen.). Large tnore or less hirsute species. Column long. No. 26 ; E, Pulvinaia ; No. 30 ; E, Rufinula ; No. 35 ; E, Vein- tina ; No. 36 ; E, Vestita, This Orchids of Burma. 155 ■* * Small species with procumbent or creeping sterns^ hirsute^ column very short. No. 7 ; E, Dasyphylla, Section X. Xiphosium. No Burmese species. Section XI. Acridostachya Hook. f. No Burmese species. Section XII. Dilochiopsis, Hook, f. No Burmese species. Section XIII. PellaiAnthus. Hook. f. No Burmese species. Doubtful and Excluded species. No. 28 ; E, Rimanni, (Probably near E, Griffithii.) Tainia. Bltme. Terrestrial glabrous herbs ; caudex creeping, bearing a solitary elliptic-lanceolate long-petioled leaf on a slender or stout pseudobulb and with a very long scape at or near its base. Flmvers small or mid- dle-sized, racemose. Sepals narrow ; lateral falcate, adnate to and forming a mentuni with the saccate base of the lip, or inserted above it. Lip adnate by its base only to that of the slender column, hastately 3- lobed, rarely entire, disk lamellate. Anther with often a simple or 2- lobed boss or 2 horns ; pollinia 4 or 8, free or united by a viscus, 4 sometimes smaller. Very like Chrysoglossum which has 2 free pollinia, Eulophia which has a tu- berous rhizome and 4 pollinia with stipes and gland, and Plocoglottis in which the sides of the lip arc adnate to those of the column and the pollinia arc stipitate in pairs on a gland. In habit, Tainia is totally distinct from Eria^ as also in the long column. Calanthes are many-leaved, and the caudex is rarely creeping. Hook, f. in P' 1 , Brit. Ind. v. 819. 37. Tainia angustifolia, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 515. Leaf-blade much longer than the petiole, sepals ^ in. linear obtuse 3‘nerved, petals broader linear-oblong obtuse 5- nerved, spur clavellate, The Orchids of Burma. 156 lip narrowly oblong, side-lobes narrow, midlobe small transversely ob- long, disk with 3 ridges ending in as many lamellse as the midlobc, anther with 2 bosses. Tenasserim ; at Tavoy, Wallich. Differs from A 7 iia laiifolia in the narrower leaves, larger flowers, narrower lip with the lamellae on the midlobe, and the free globosely clavellate incurved spur of the lip ; “ pollinia 8, 4 smaller.” Lindl. Hook, f, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 819. SvN. — Ania angustifolia^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 3740; Gen. and Sp. 129. 38 . T. Hologlossa, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 515. Characters of T, laiifolia {g, v, mfra\ but lip oblong entire or lateral lobes, margin undulate, disk with 3 thickened ridges, anther low rounded smooth. Hook, f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 822. Tenasserim ; at Maulmein. Parish, Syn. — Bria (Ania) hologlossa, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 148 ; Wight's Icon. 914 ? ; C. P. 253. 39 . T. latifolia, Benth. MSS. Leaf-blade longer than the petiole, sepals % in. linear obtuse 3- nerved narrower than the 5-nerved petals, mentum short rounded, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small, midlobe small orbicular or fan-shaped, disk with a narrow central and 2 broad lateral lamellse which are evanescent on the iiiidlobe. Upper Burma, Griffith, Sylhet, Cachar and the Khasia Mts. Wallich &-C, Leaf b — 12 by 2yi — 3;^ in. Scape yi\i\\ the raceme i — 2 ft. ^ pedi- cels with ovary yz in. long ; midlobe of lip variable, rounded or retuse; anther with 2 obscure bosses \ “ pollinia 8 equal”. Lindl. Hook, f, in. FI. Brit Ind. v. 820. Syn. — Ania latifolia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 3741 ; Gen. and Sp. 130. lUria Ania Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. (? 70), 270. Cymbid, Griff. Notul. iii. 343; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 319 ; C. P. 244 and 73. The Orchids of Burma. 157 40. T. Promensis, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, t. 1883. Scape tali slender, bracts long, sepals in. oblong-lanceolate acute and elliptic obtuse petals 5— 7-nerved, spur rather long obtuse, lip entire spathulateerose, disk concave with a dense granular cluster of truncate calli. Pegu ; on the Prome Hills, Wallich, on a slender sheathed stem, blade narrow, 12 by in., shorter than the very slender petiole. Scape with 6 — 8-fld. lax raceme, as long as the petiole ; sheaths 4 — 5, 2 — 3 in. ; bracts i in. lanceolate, longer than the ovary. I think there are 4 flattened collateral pollinia in the only flowers I have been able to examine. Hook, f in Kl. Hrit. Ind. V. 820. Syn. — Eulophia promensis^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7365 ; Gen. and Sp. 181 ; C. P- 242. 41. T. Viridi-fusca, Benth. in (ien. Plant, iii. 515. Scape tall stout, bracts long, sepals t in. lanceolate acuminate and oblanceolate petals 5 —7 -nerved, spur short obtuse, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes incurved, disk with 5 lamellae about the middle which sink to rise again on the small suborbicular midlobc as 5 truncate very thick ridges. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Assam, Simons. Pseudobu/b 2 — 2j4 in. diam. Leaf 20 by 3 in. ; petiole as long. Scape 3 — 5 ft.; bracts ^ — i in. ; exceeding the pedicel and ovary ; sepals and petals green suffused with purplish brown ; lip white with yellow ridges ; anther hemispheric with 2 red bosses ; pollinia 8, subeqiial. One specimen has a narrower lip with 3 narrow lamellae irregularly enlarged on the midlobe. Hook.f. in FI, Brit. Ind. v. 820. Syn. — Calanthe Vlridi-fusca^ Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4669 ; Jard. Fleur t. 336; Paxt. FI. Gard. iii. 118, 591 ; C. P. 73 and 244. KEY TO SPECIES. Tainia * Blume. * Spur of lip free from the base of the lateral sepals. - - * See Appendix A. Genus 2O. 1 58 The Orchids of Burma. No. 37 ; T, An^tstifolia ; No. 40 ; T, Promensis ; No, 41 ; T, Viridi-fusca, * * Lateral sepals forinin" a mentum with the base of llie lip. t S^pa/s and petals not produced into long tails. No. 39 ; T. Latifolia ; No. 38 ; T. Hologlossa. t t Sepals and petals produced into long filiform tails. No Burmese species. ANTHOGONIUM* Lindley. A slender herb; pseudobulb small, 1 — 3-leaved. Leaves i — 3 very narrow, petioled, plaited. Scape from the base of the pseudobulb ; flowers in a slender, simple, or branched raceme, resupinate. Sepals connate in a narrow gibbously-based cylinder, free tips short, of dorsal linear straight, of lateral broad revolute. Petals included, linear, long clawed. Lip adnate to the base of the column, long-clawed, limb flabelliform. Column very long and slender, lip 3-toothed ; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 4, ovoid, parallel, connected in pairs by a granular viscus. Hook. f. 1. A. Oracile, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7398 Gen. and Sp. Orchid. 426 ; Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 22. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lobb. Temperate Himalaya; Nepal, Wallicli; Sikkim, alt. 7500 ft. Treutler. Khasia and Naga Hills, alt. 4 — 6000 ft., Griffith^ Qr*c. Pseudobulb ivLt of a hazel or walnut. Leaves (i — 12 by ^ — i in., on a slender stem, lanceolate. Scape equalling or exceeding the leaves, slender; bracts very small ; pedicel with ovary — i in., at right angles to the perianth, both rose-cold. ; tube of perianth in. long, 2 — 3- times as long as the free parts ; limb of lip cuneate or recurved, obs- curely lobed, spotted with bright red. Capsule i in., fusiform. Hook. / in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 822 — 3. See Appendix A, Genus 27. The Orchids of Burma. 159 Syn.— Griffithii^ Kchb. f. in Bonpland. ii. 90 ; in AUg. Gartenzeit. 1856, 218; in Walp. Ann. vi. 471. Anthog., Griff. Notul. iu* 3^3 9 Plant. Asiat. t. 345. I am not sure that this genus is here correctly placed. B. Cr, PHREATIA, « Lindl. Tufted, often very small plants, with the habit of Oberonia^ pseudo- bulbous or not. Leaves distichous articulate on equitant sheaths. Scape axillary or lateral, or from the rootstock, slender \ flowers very minute, cellular, racemed or spicate. Sepals equal, connivent or spreading. Petals smaller. Lip jointed on the base of the column or its foot, sessile or clawed, broad or narrow. Column very short, top broad, tinther low, 2 — 4-celled ; pollinia 8, obovoid, waxy, cohering by a viscus. Capsule minute, ovoid, terete. The flowers are of the same cellular texture as in Thelasis. PJook. f. 1. P. perpusilla, Benth. in Gen. PI. iii. 511. Pseudobulbs clustered depressed, scape filiform, bracts ovate-lanceo- late, sepals obtuse, lateral lanceolate, mentum obscure, lip lanceolate, margins waved. Tenasserim j at Moulmein, Lobb^ Parish. Pseudobulbs ^ ^ in. diam. smooth. Leaves not seen. Scape 2 — 2j^in. j spike Yz — % in.; bracts in., hyaline; sepals about as long. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 81 1. Syn. — Eria (Phreatia) perpusilla. Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 148. Included with Eria in Parish’s list. B. G. DENDROOHILUM,t Bl. A small genus consisting of a few obscure plants. Pollen-masses 4, incumbent, Parish. 21 * See Appendix A. Genus 20. t See Appendix A. Genus 15. i6o The Orchids of Burma. Epiphytes ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; pseudobulbs narrow, i -leaved. flat, narrow, coriaceous. lateral, slender ; flowers small, in slender spikes or racemes. Sepals subequal, spreading ; lateral adnate to the foot of the column. Petals smaller. Lip jointed on the foot of the column, subsessile, erecto-patent, oblong, base umbonate. Column short, with lateral or terminal teeth or arms ; anther 2-celled \ pollinia 4, ovoid, bases cohering by a slight viscus. Hook, f, D. pallidiflorum ; Blume, Bijd. 298. t. 52. A small plant in general aspect like a Bulbophylltimy bearing a slen- der raceme about 3 in. long, of minute straw-coloured flowers from the base of the pseudobulbs. Uenasserim ; Parish, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. p. 34 ; C. P. 270 ; FI. Brit. Ind. v. 782. COSLOGYNE, Lindl. I (including Pholidota, Otochilus, Pleione and Panisea). Pholidota. The plants of this genus have cither pscudobulbs or jointed swollen steins, with plicate leaves, and terminal, 2-ranked, drooping racemes. Pollen-masses (in the only two species known to me) 4, ovate, joined in pairs to a slender caudicle. Parish, 1, P. advena, Par. and Reichb. f. in Otia Bot. Hamb. Fasc. I. 1873, P- 47 ; C. P. 296. Bracts semicircular, dorsal sepal elliptic obtuse strongly 5-nerved, lateral ovate, midrib very strong, petals elliptic-lanceolate acute 3-nerved, lip with very broad rounded sides, and 2 terminal lobes caruncled at their bases. Tenasserirn; at Moulmein, Heifer ( Kew Distrib, yo4J ); Parish, Pseudobulbs stout or slender, distant on the stout rhizome. Leaves I — 2, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate; nerves very slender. Raceme short, decurved, peduncled ; bracts yi in. broad ; sepals nearly ^ in. long ; The Orchids of Burma. i6i lip 5-nerved, 3 median nerves thickened at the base, caruncled towards the apex which is produced between the terminal lobes ; column very broad and short ; rostellum very large, 2-glandular, or tubercled at the tip ; anther very large, long, truncate, very different from that of its con- geners ; pollinia as in the genus. Hook,f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 846. SvN. — ? Chelonajithera gibbosa^ Blume, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. p. 178. 2 . P. articulata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1992 ; Gen. and Sp. 38 ; in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 44. Stem articulated ; joints fleshy, cylindrical, 3 — 4 in. long, terminated hy a pair of ovate leaves, from the axis of which droops a lax raceme of some dozen greenish-yellow flowers. It forms loose irregular masses, rooting freely at the joints. Parish, C. P. 38. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 844. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. B, G, 3 . P. convallarise, Hook. f. Ic. Pi. t. 1880. Leaf linear, bracts linear, raceme stout suberect, scape sheathed to the tip, dorsal sepal oblong 5-nerved, lateral ovate acuminate, midrib thick, petals broadly ovate obtuse 3-nerved, lip cymbiform nearly orbicu- lar, broader tharflong 3-nerved, tip emarginate. Khasia Hills alt. 3 — 4000 ii,J. D, H, T, T Naga Hills ; on Kohima, alt. 4,500 ft., Brain ; Tenasserim ; at, Moulmein, Parish. Rhizome very stout, pseudobulbs i — 2 in., sessile by a broad base, subcylindric. Leaves i — 2, 5 — 7 in., coriaceous, obtuse. Scape i — 2 in. long ; rachis stout ; bracts in., caducous ; sepals y in. long, lip obscurely 3-lobed, warted within (normally ?); column broadly ovate- tip contracted obtuse. Hook, /. FI. Brit. Ind v. 846 — 7. SvN. — Coelogyne Convallarice^ Rchb. f. in Flora 1872, 277. C. P. 210. 4. P. imbricata, Lindl. in Hook. FI. Exot. t. 138 ; in Wall. Cat. 1991 ; Gen. and Sp. 37 ( ? 36) ; in Bot, Reg. t. 1213 and 1777. Pseudobulbs ovate, oblong, terminated by a large lanceolate leaf, from the central axis of which hangs a long flexible spike of closely I62 The Orchids of Burma. imbricated greenish-yellow flowers, each almost concealed by a concave bract, common. Parish, Burma and the Andaman Islands. Hook, f, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1834 ; Wight Icon. t. 907 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 262 ; C. P. 39 ; FI. Brit. Ind. v. 845 — 6. Syn — P, pallida^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxi. Sub, t. 1777. Calogyne imbricata and pallida^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 238, Ptilocnema bracteatum^ Don Prodr. 33. Cymbidium imbricaium^ Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 460. Ornithidium imbricatuvi^ Wall. MSS. — Rheede Hort. Mai. xii. t. 5 . P. Lugardii, Rolf. This species is allied to P, articulata^ Lindl., but is altogether a more robust plant, more erect in habit, and larger in all its parts. The sepals and petals are semi-pellucid white, and the sac of the lip pale flesh-cold., the keels unecfual, and buff-cold. It flowered in the collec- tion of John Kirk, of Wanestree, Sevenoaks, in June 1890, when he forwarded it to Kew for identification, together with a living plant, which has since flowered. It is one of a large collection made by Capt. Lugard. Western Burma, Chin Hills, at 6,000 to 8,000 ft.*elv. Lugard, Kew Bulletin No, /j, 18^3, 6. P. rubra, Lindl. Gen. and Sp, Orchid. 37. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, raceme decurved, bracts acute, sepals ovate acute 3 — 5-nerved, petals narrowly linear i-nerved, lip slightly 3-lobed, side lobes broad rounded, midlobe broadly ovate acute, nerves 5, thickened at the base. Subtropical Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 4 — 6000 (i. Hook, f Khasia Hills, alt. 4—5000 ft., Wallich &*c. Upper Burma; Griffith (Kew Distrib.jjS/,) Pseudobulbs 2 — 3 in., on a stout rhizome, narrowed below. Leaves i_2, 4 — 10 in., 5-nerved. Scape when flowering short and sheathed to the top, at length 6 — 10 in., and naked ; raceme 4 — 8 in., flexuous, drooping, lax fid.; bracts yi — in., spreading and deflexed ; sepals % in. tong, midrib thick ; column with narrower wings than in its allies, clinand rium transversely oblong. Capsule yi in. Hook,f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 847 The Orchids of Burma. 163 Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 21, t. 239; Hook. f. Ic. Plant, t. 1879. * SvN.— ‘P. undulata, Lindl. in Bot Reg. Sub. t. 1213, and xxvii. Misc. 6. Ccelogyne rubra and unduhta^ Walp. Ann. vi. 238. KEY TO SPECIES. Pholidota * Lindl. Perennial herbs with the habit of Otochilm^ or with sessile a leav- ed pseudobulbs. Scape or rachis of raceme often dexuous ; bracts dis- tichous, rigid ; flowers small, globose. Sepals concave. Petals flat, broad or narrow. Lip sessile on the base of the column, erect, saccate, subentire or 3 — 4 lobed. Column very short, hooded or winged ; anther- cells subglobose, rarely elongate ; pollinia 4, subglobose, free or coher- ing in pairs by a viscus. * Stems elongate, branched, formed of pseudobulbous internodes. Scape from the top of the pseudobulb between the leaves. No. 2 ; P, articulata ; No. 5. P, Lugardii * * Rhizome elongate ; internodes terete, clothed with membranous sheaths and bearing slender 1 —2-leaved pseudohulbs at the nodes. Scape from the sheaths of the internodes. No Burmese Species. * * * Pseudobulbs uninodal, seated on a very stout creeping rhizome. Scape from the lop of the pscudobulb. t Bracts very broads Lip with 2 free or connate terminal lolws. No. I, P, advena. No. 4, P, imhricata, * See Appendix A. Genus 36. 164 The Orchids of Burma. t t Bracts nnrrmK Lip with a simple narrmv terminal lobe or O, No. 3, P. Convallaricc, No. 6, P. rubra. . OtOChilus Lindl. In general appearance like Pholidota imbricata^ but the flowers are slenderer, and have a long arched half rounded column resembling that of Coclogyne. Pollen-masses 4, incumbent, concavo-convex, united in pairs by an elastic cobwebby material. Forming- large tangled masses on the branches of trees in mountainous districts. Flowers colour- less and inconspicuous. Parish. 7. 0. fusca, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1969. (^en. and Sp. 35. Sepals and petals obtuse, side lobes of lip reduced to small teeth, niidlobe linear oblong. Burmese according to Parish, not so given by Hooker. B. G. Pseudobulbs i — 2 in., cylindric, fusiform or clavate. Leaves 2 — 5 in., linear-lanceolate, shortly petioled. Racemes short or long ; bracts Yi in. subtruncate; flowers pale pink ; sepals in., linear-oblong ; petals narrow- er, dilated upwards ; lip concave ; column red ; pollinia subglobose. Capsule Yi in. The name is inappropriate. Hook.f. in FI. Brit. Ind, v. 844. Bot. Mag. t. 3921. C. P. 342. Syn. — O. laftci/olia^ Griff. Notul. iii. 278 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 289 ; Ccelo^nefusca^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 2^6 Broughtonial fusca^ Wall. MSS. 8. 0. porrecta, Lindl. in. Wall. Cat. 1968 ; Gen. and Sp. 36. Sepals acuminate, side lobes of lip falcate obtuse midlobe lanceo- late. Tenasserim, all. 5000 ft., Parish. Pseudobulbs 2 — 4 in., subcylindric or clavate. Leaves^ — 10 by — 2Y2 in., elliptic-lanceolate, rather long-petioled. decurved, j bracts broad, acute, caducous ; flowers white or pale flesh-cold. ; sepals Y — Yz in., linear ; petals linear ; lip with larger side lobes than in O. fusca ; pollinia globose. Capsule — i in. Jiook.f. FI. Brit, Ind. v. 844. C. P. 209. The Orchids of .Burma. 165 Syn.— O. latifoliay Griff. Notul. iii. 279; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 289. Ccelogyne porrecta^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 236. TetrapeMs fra- grans, Wall. MSS. KEY TO SPECIES. Otochilus,* Lindl. Stem articulate, branched, formed of superposed elongate pseudo^ bulbous inter nodes. Leaves in pairs at the nodes, elliptic or lanceolate, plaited. Scape subterniinal on the internodes, slender, bases sheathed dowers small, racemose ; bracts scarious, sides convolute. Sepals and petals sub-equal, free, narrow, spreading. Lip sessile at the base of the column, base saccate, side lobes erect, midlobe narrow, entire. Column very long slender, erect, foot O ; anther-cells distinct, subglobose ; pol- linia 4, ovoid or subglobose, cohering in pairs or all together by a viscus. Fleione, Don. A genus of dwarf deciduous plants, with flask-like bulbs, and light- green membranous leaves which are produced after the decay of the flowers. By some they are regarded as a section of the genus Caclogyne^ from which they differ but slightly, except in habit, but their habit is so peculiar that they seem to be entitled to generic rank. After finishing their growth, the leaves begin to die away ; this is the season of rest dur- ing which they should be given very little water. After the rest the flowers are produced, f. e, in the autumn months, immediately preceed- ing the young growths. The flowers are solitary, produced on sheathed peduncles which spring from the root \ and they have a fringed lip, saccate at the base. They should be potted, and after the pseudobulbs are fully formed give only enough water to prevent shrivelling : but when they begin to show flower, water freely, which will induce the flowers to become finer. Williams, * See Appendix A. Genus 35, The Orchids of Burma. i66 A small group of very distinct form and habit by some united with . Cix/ogyne, and indeed in the general structure of their flowers having no essential difference ; passing moreover by easy gradations, through C. Schilleriana and C, uniflora into that genus. The few plants belong- ing to this group are dwarf epiphytes growing in dense patches on rocks and trees on the higher mountains, among moss. They consist of rounded more or less depressed, pseudobulbs ^ — i in. in diam. and height from the base of which spring i — 2 strikingly beautiful flowers of extraordinary size for that of the bulbs. Leafless when in flower. Although apparently lateral, the flowers (as in Coelogyne) are really terminal. They grow at the end of a new and as yet undeveloped pseudobulb, which, in its early stage, forms the footstalk of the flower. This, after the flower has perished, swells, and eventually becomes the recognized pseudobulb, often bearing at its end the now matured fruit. Thus the leaves are formed later than the flower, the reverse of what is ordinarily the case in Orchids. Parish. 9. Pleione prsecoz, Don Prodr. 37. A most distinct and beautiful species of dwarf habit, with pale mottled brownish purple turbinate pseudobulbs covered with a strong veining of loose network and surmounted by a solitary broadly lanceo- late membranous plaited leaf, which decays before the appearance of the scape. The latter springs from the side of the pseudobulb, and bears one showy flower, which is fully 3 inches across, and saccate at the base ; the lanceolate sepals and smaller petals are deep rose-colour, and the lip, which is prominent and 2 in. long, is blush-white, beautifully fringe- toothed, and the disk yellow furnished with 5 toothed keels or crests reaching nearly to the apex, and a few* yellow and rose-cold, spots. Flowers in Nov. and Dec. Williams. Pseudobulbs ampulliform or turbinate at length umbonate, leaf- sheaths tubercled, bracts equalling or exceeding the ovary, flowers rose- purple, lip subrepand laciniate in front, disk with 3 — 5 crested lamellse, top of column 4-toothed. Psiudobulbs very variable, i— in. broad and long, at first dc- The Orchids of Burma. 167 pressed bottle-shaped, at length shortly cylindric with a depressed top conic in the middle covered with reticulate filaments, usually dark- green often blotched with red or purple. Leaves 1—2, 2 — 9 in. ellip- tic or lanceolate, acute ; scape 3 — 4 in.; bracts sheathing obtuse ; flowers 2)^ — 4 I*'- diam., sweet-scented ; sepals and petals narrow, recurved, acute ; lip 2-fid. deeply fimbriate in the Pegu and Tenasserim speci- mens. Capsule 5^ — I in., fusiform. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 840. Abundant in the mountains near Toungoo at 7 — 8000. ft. elv, ; Tenasserim, summit of Nat-toung, Parish. Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5 — 8000 ft. from Garwhal eastwards. Khasia Mts., alt. 4 — 6000 ft. Hook. f. Pegu, Kurz. N. India: Khasia at 4700 ft., Nepal at 7500 ft, and Sikkim at 5800 ft., elv. Williams. Syn. — Ccelogyne Pracox^ Lindl. Coll. Bot 37 ; in Wall. Cat. 1965 ; Gen, and Sp. 43 ; Fol. Orchid. 16 ; Hook. f. 1 . c. ; Bot. Mag. t 4496 ; Paxt Mag. xiv. t 7 ; Trans. Hort Russ. Soc. 1880, t. 69 (Var.) Epidendrum prcecox^ Smith Exot. FI. t. 97. C. Wallichiana^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 43, in Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 46, t 54 ; Bot Reg. xxvi. t. 24 ; Paxt. Mag. vi. t 25 ; Gartenfl. t. 283 ; Jennings Orchid, t 472, f. 2 ; Griff. Notul. iii. 402. C. Wallichiana is not even a variety, and Var. sanguinea is only characterized by the decaying leaf. Hook.f. Pleione Wallichiana, Jard, Fleur, t. 153. P. Wallichii, Lindl. in Paxt FI. Card. sub. t. 51. Cymbidium prcecox. Smith in Rees. Cyclop. Var. Birmanica. Rchb. f. in. Card. Chron. 1882, ii. 840. Said to produce generally 2-fld. penduncles. Williams. Doubtfully described as a species by Reichenbach (Ccelogyne birmanica), distinguished by the bluish-purple pseudobulbs with many white circles and an entire border of the hood of the column. Veitch (Man. Orchid. PI. vi. 58) distinguishes his Var. Wallichiana by its deeper colour, more strongly-marked veins, the midlobe of the lip toothed rather than fringed, and tne shorter teeth of the crests ; he includes C. birmanica under it, and gives a figure of the flower. Hook. f. i68 The Orchids ok Burma. 10. P. Beichenbachiana. A very distinct and beautiful species. The large pitcher-shaped pseudobulbs, which are constricted below the middle, are longitudinally 6 — 8-lobed ; the lobes which form the rounded prominences at the widest part are of a very dark green, reticulated with brown lines ; and by their side appear the scapes, each bearing i — 2 large flowers, of which the narrow oblong sepals are rosy-lilac, with paler edges, the narrower petals are paler with a bar of rosy-lilac down the centre, and the lip is white, the dilated front lobe ciliato-dentate, bifld, the disk bearing three keels which are crested with papillose teeth, short lines of rosy-crimson intervening between the veins in front, and a few spots of the same colour being scattered over the surface. A very rare species. — Moulmein. Williams, Arracan ; at Rangoon, Benson (Hort Veitch), Found on the Mts. East of Moulmein at a somewhat lower elvn. than P, praecox. Parish, C. P. 72- Syn. — Caslogyne Reichenbachiana^ T. Moore in Card. Chron. 1868, 1210; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. 5753 : in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 841. Veitch gives 6 — 7000 ft. as the elevation at which this species was found. P. Schilleriana, see Calogyne Schil/eriana, KEY TO SPECIES. Note. Pleione forms Sect. 11. of Cmlogyne in Hooker's Flora of British India, See Appendix A, Genus 34. B, G. C(EL0GYNE, Lindley. A numerous genus. They are pseudobulbous and evergreen plants, the bulbs from i — 6 in. high, 2-leaved, the flowers being generally produced with the young growth, and the leaves being perfected when the flowering is over. I’he lip is sessile, the base concave and folded over the elongated apodous column. They do best grown in pots or baskets, some will do on blocks, and they require good drainage and The Orchids of Burma. 169 » abundance of water at their roots in the growing season. During the seasoti of rest they should have but little water. They are propagated by dividing the pseudobulbs. IViiiiafns. The Orchids of this genus have for the most part handsome dowers, though not of the first order of beauty. They are to be dis- tinguished by the following characters. The flowers are terminal on a pseudobulb formed or unformed. Pseudobulbs crowded so as to form tufts, or distant on a creeping rhizome, generally short, but sometimes much elongated. Leaves 2, at the end of the pseudobulb. Sepals separate and dis- tinct, generally, but not always, wide-spread ; petals similar but narrow- er. Lip large, articulated with the base of the column and parallel with it, usually 3-lobed, the side lobes very large and erect, with longitudinal raised lines or crests on the disk. One of the most marked characters is the column which is long, curved and winged, often horned and toothed at the top. Pollen-masses 4 incumbent, unit- ed in pairs by a granular substance. This is the rule but there are excep- tions. Parish, Note. Caeiogyne forms Sect. I., Euccelogyne, of Hooker in FI. Brit. Ind. 0. apiculata, Par, and Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. xvii. 225 ; C. P. 214. See Panisea f/ficuiata, 11. C. Barbata, Griff. Itin. Notes, 721 ; Notul. iii. 280 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 191, f. 2. This is a most useful winter-flowering species and according to Dr. Lindley, the finest of its genus. The pseudobulbs are roundish-ovate, light green, with leaves of a thick leathery texture and oblong-lanceo- late form, produced 2 from each bulb. The flower-scapes are erect, pro- ducing a flexuous raceme of several flowers, which open in succession, the individual blossoms being from 2 — 3 in, across. The sepals and petals are pure white, distinctly bearded round the margin with a fringe of sepia-coloured hairs, and of a darker sepia brown in the centre, where they cover the veins, and form 3 shaggy crests. Requires an abundant supply of moisture. Williams, 170 The Orchids of Burma. Pseudobulb large ovoid, leaves very large petioled elliptic-lan- ceolate, scape and rachis very stout, flowers large white, sepals ovate- oblong acute, petals linear 3 — 5- nerved, lip broad, side lobes rounded white, and small ovate purple midlobe deeply fimbriate, disk with 3 fim- briate ridges. Pseudobulbs 3 — 4 in.; rhizome very stout. Leaves 6 — 12 in.; petiole 3 — 4 in. Scape as long as the leaves ; sheaths ^ in., and less ; sepals 1 ^ in. ; lip very saccate at the base. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 839. Bhotan ? Griffith. Khasia Mts., alt. 4 — 5000 ft., Griffith^ df*c. Naga and Munnipore Hills, alt. 5000 ft., Prain^ Watt. Burma, Rangoon Agri- Hortic. Society s Collectors (rare). Not given as Burmese by Hooker. B. G. Warner Orchid Alb. iii. t. 143 ; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 9 ; Masters in Card. Chron, 1886, 117, fig. 23 (frnt.) ; Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1880, i. 8 ; Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 32, with fig.; Walp. Ann. vi. 229 ; Orchidoph. 2888, p. 154. 12. 0. brachyptera, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1881, ii. 6. Pseudobulb a span high tetragonous, leaves not seen, raceme se- veral-fid. bracts equalling the ovary persistent, sepals triangular-ligulate acute light parrot-green, lateral keeled in the middle, petals filiform, lip white with a brown stain, side lobes semi-ovate short triangular in front, midlobe oblong acute undulate, keels 3 all warted in front, column hooded and retuse at the top, hodd crenulate. Flowers like C. lenti- ginosa. (Possibly C. Parishiana, J. D. H.). Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 842. 13. C. corrugata, Wight ic. t. 1639. A free-growing compact plant from the hilly districts of India, with ovate wrinkled pseudobulbs bearing a pair of broad oblong leaves and producing erect racemes of lovely pure white fiowers of considerable size : the lip is yellow inside striped with orange. It should be grown in a pot, with an abundance of drainage. Williams. Pseudobulbs ovoid, leaves elliptic coriaceous, raceme 2-— '3'fld., bracts large, sepals and subequal petals oblong-lanceolate acuminate The Orchids op Burma. 17 i white, lip white and yellowish, side lobes short, inidlobe ovate obtuse, disk with 3 crenulate ridges. Pseudobulds 1 — 2}^ in. long, tufted, ribbed and rugose when dry ; sheaths broad, acute. Leaves 3 — 5 in. Scape with broad basal sheaths and 2 undeveloped leaves ; bracts lyi in., acute, caducous ; sepals i — 1% in. Capsule 1 — \yi in., fusiform or pyriform; ribs prominent. Lindley keeps up both corrugata and nervosa^ but I find no difference between authentic specimens of each. Hook^f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 835. Burma, Rangoon Agri-Hortic, Society s Collectors: Nilghiri and Tra- vancore Hills, Wight^ Perrottet^ &c. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. Bot. Mag. t. 5601 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. Orchid. PI. t, 188 ; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 6. : Walp. Ann. vi. 227. Syn. — C*. nervosa^ A. Rich, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xv. 16 : Lindl. 1 . c. ; Walp. 1 . c. (not of Wight). 14 . 0 . cynoches, Par. & Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 147. Pseudobulbs narrow, leaves sessile elliptic, raceme drooping 6 — 8* fid., bracts persistent, flowers greenish and brown, sepals oblong*lanceo- late acuminate, petals narrowly linear 3-nerved, side lobes of lip short, inidlobe orbicular apiculate or broadly ovate, disk with 5 slender ridges. Tenasserim ; on Dauna-toung, alt. 4000 ft. Parish, Very like C /uscescens, but much smaller ; pseudobulbs lyi — 2 in., leaves 4 — 5 in., scape with 2 leaves emerging from the sheaths, flowers smaller (than i — 2 in. diam.), sepals 1 in., and side lobes of lip barr- ed with red-brown. Hook,/^ FI. Brit. Ind. v. 834. C. P. 195. 16 . 0 . elata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1959 ; Gen. & Sp. 40 ; in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 12, t. 218 ; in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 92 ; Fol. Orchid* 9. Pseudobulbs very la^ge oblopg, leaves very long-petioled lanceolate, scape shorter stout, raceme short, flowers subsecund^ sepals oblong-lan- ceolate creamcold., petals linear, lip white with yellow blotches, side lobes narrow erose, midlobe rounded-ovate acute erose, disk between the side lobes with 2 tortuous crenulate lamellas. Upper Burma, /. Anderson, 172 The Orchids of Burma. Pseudobulbs 3 — 5 by i — 2 in., narrowed upwards or not ; sheaths very large, acute ; rhizome as thick as the little linger. Leaves $ — 12 by I — 3 in. ; petiole 2 — 4 in. ; Scape 10 in. and under ; sheaths large ; flowers I — I Yz in. diam. (“smell unpleasant,” Lindl.) ; lamellae of disk of lip sometimes tipped with red. Hook,f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 838. Bot. Mag, t. 5001 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 230. Syn. — Ccelogyne^ Griffith, Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 290. This is said to inhabit higher regions than the tropical, up to 9000 ft. Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 37. 16 . C. fimbriata, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 868, 1838, Misc. 92 ; Fol. Orchid, 12, Pseudobulbs small ovoid-oblong distant on a slender rhizome, scape i-fld., shorter than the lanceolate leaves, sepals ovate-lanceolate, yellow-green or brownish, petals filiform, lip yellow streaked with red- brown, midlobe orbicular fimbriate, disk 2-lamellate. Khasia Mts,, alt. 4000 ft., Griffith^ — Distrib. China. Pseudobulbs in.; rhizome as slender as a duck's quill. Leaves 2 — 5 in., sessile. Scape i — 2 in. ; basal sheaths few, appressed; bracts deciduous ; sepals ^ in., acuminate ; petals i -nerved ; side lobes of lip with fimbriate tips. P^ooh. /. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 836, Lodd. Bot, Cab. t. 1425 ; Walp. Ann, vi. 231 ; Benth. FI. Honk. 354. This species is not given as Burmese by Hooker, but is given by Parish in his list with reference, Griff, Icon. PI. As. 291, No. i, which is given by Hooker for C. ovalis, which he says is “ very near indeed to C. fim- briata differing in the much longer ascending rhizome, narrower 2 — 3 in. pseudobulbs, and usually larger flowers ; but it varies much in all these respects, as also in the breadth of the sepals and length of lamellae on the lip. Capsule in., turgidly pyriform.” This is possibly Parish's fimbriata^ C. P. 118 ; but he also gives the species C. avalis^ with refer- ences to Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc, 171 ;C. P. 243. Neither fim- briata nor ovalis is given as Burmese by Hooker. Perhaps it is Juligi- nosal B, G. 17 . 0. flaccida, Lindl. in Wail. Cat. 1961; Gen. and Sp. 39; in Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 31 ; Fol. Orchid. 2. The Orchids of Burma. 173 Pseudobulbs elongate, leaves long-petioled, sepals ^ in. linear- oblong acute, petals narrower acuminate side lobes of lip large rounded, midlobe small broadly ovate, disk with 3 yellow flexiious ridges. Tenasserim ; on rocks of Jook Long, Ic, Parish, Pseudobulbs 2 — 6 in., sheaths large, coriaceous, purple-brown. Leaves 6-- 12 in., linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; petiole i — 3 in. Scape with short broad obtuse basal sheaths; raceme 4 — 5 in., pendulous; bracts in., caducous; flowers % — ^ in. diam., while (said to smell oflensively), side lobes of lip brown. Capsule 2yzva,^ clavate, broadly winged. Hook. /. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 829. Bot. Mag. t. 3318; Walp. Ann. vi. 222 ; C. p. 143. 18. c. faliginosa, Lindl. in Lodd. Cat.; Fo). Orchid. 12. Habit and characters of C. avails^ but raceme 3 — 4-fld. flowers orange yellow, lip dark brown, lamella; ending abruptly. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. As flowered at Kew this differs from ovalis in the characters indi- cated. Hook.f FI. Bril. Ind. v. 836. Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 12 (excl. the Khasia plant); Bot. Mag 1. 4440 ; Jard, Fleur, t. 7 ; Miquel Choix, t. 25 (i-fld. Var.) Syn — ? C. triplicaiulay Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1864, 415; Xen. Orchid, ii. 159, t. 166. 19. 0. fUscesens, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1962/1 ; Gen. & Sp. 41 Fol. Orchid, ii. The pseudobulbs are elongate, terete, 3 — 4 in. long, the broad oblong plicate leaves in pairs, and the flowers in short nodding 5 — 8-fld. racemes. The sepals and petals are brownish-green, the dorsal sepal broadest, and the lip marked with 4 cinnamon spots, one on each side of the small lateral lobes, and 2 at the base of the midlobc, where there are also 3 elevated lines or crests. It flowers in autumn and winter, and lasts a considerable time in bloom. Williams. Pseudobulbs long narrow, leaves petioled elliptic, raceme 3 — 8- fld., bracts deciduous, sepals oblong acute and very narrow i — 3-nerved, petals yellow greenish or pink, lip mottled with brown, side lobes 174 The Orchids of Burma. elongate free ends small obtuse, midlobe clawed large orbicular or quadrate, disk with 3 smooth ridges. Pseudobulbs 4—6 in., subcylindrical, grooved ; sheaths short ; rhi- zome very stout. Leaves G — 10 by 3 — 4 in., many-nerved. Scape mih raceme 4 — 8 in., suberect or drooping ; flowers — 2 in. diam., very variable in colouring. Capsule 2 in., pyriform, angles winged. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 833. Tropical Himalaya, alt. 3 — 5000 ft., from Ne))al eastwards, and the Khasia Mts. Hook.f. Burma, Moulmcin, Williams. Walp. .Ann. vi. 231. Syn. — C. Assamica^ Lindl. cx Rchh. f. in Koch Allgemein. Gart- enzeit 1857, 503 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. t 134. Var. brunnea^ Lindl, Sepals and petals lanceolate acuminate, straw-yellow, sepals wider than the petals ; lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes speckled and margined inter- nally with brown, midlobe nearly square, whitish at the edges passing into rich chestnut brown at the base. Williams, A plant of much the same character as C, rigida^ but generally smaller and less robust. 'Fhe flowers are 5 or 6 in a drooping raceme at the end of the young undeveloped pseudobulbs each about 2 in. long, of a general tawny yellow colour. The lip dark chocolate-brown. A handsome Orchid. Parish. In Var. bninfiea the sinus between the mid- and side-lobes is almost obsolete. Wall. Cat. 1961/2 is C. macrobulbofi. Hook.f, Bot. Mag. 5494 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. Orchid. PI. t. 104 ; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. C. P. 161. SvN. — C, brunnea^ Lindl. in Card. Chron. 1848, 71, with fig. Burma, Parish, Moulmein, Williams. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. B, G. 20 . 0 . graminifolia, Par, and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 146. Pseudobulbs ovoid, leaves very narrow, raceme 3 — 4-fld., sepals and much narrower petals oblon g-lanccolale acute white, lip orange Thk Orchids of Burma. 175 yellow side lobes rounded, midlobe smaller broadly ovate acute, disk' with 3 dark brown or red crisped ridges. Assam, Mann ; Tenasserim ; Mts. near Moulmein, Parish. Pseudobulbs — 2% in., crowded; sheaths short. Leaves 10 — 12 by — % in. Scape much shorter, sheathed to the middle or lower ; bracts caducous ; sepals i in. Hook, f. Fir Brit. Ind. v. 831 — 2. C. P. 252 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7006; Rolf in Gard. Chron. 1888, i. 168. 21 . C. Huttneriana, Rchb. f. in Flora 1872, 277. Pseudobulbs fusiform very rugose, leaves petioled oblong-lanceolate, bracts acuminate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate, petals linear, side lobes of lip rounded, disk with 3 crisped ridges extended into the round- ed ovate acuminate midiobe. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Scape^ in the only specimen seen, 7 in.; sheaths closely imbricating, the outer purple-brown ; raceme 8 — lo-fld., drooping ; bracts i in., cym- biform. I have seen no pseudobulbs or leaves ; the flower is describ- ed from a specimen named by Reichenbach, who says “ flowers white and lip toothed with a ligulate midlobe. Hook, /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 830. 22 . C. lactea, Rchb. f in Gard. Chron. 1888, i. 521. Pseudobulb short thick fusiform, leaves very thick petioled cuneate oblong acuminate, raceme porrect 6 — 8-fld., bracts deciduous, flowers cream-white, sepals oblong obtusely acute, petals linear-lanceolate, side lobes of lip obtuse, midlobe porrect, disk with 3 crenulate keels from the base between the side lobes, top of column 2 — 3-fid. Burma. (Hort, Lendy,) Perhaps C, Lutae^ Parish MSS., of which the specimens are very imperfect. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 843. Pseudobulbs oblong tapering, deeply furrowed, 3 — 4 in. long. Leaves in pairs, 6 — 8 in. long by 2 in. wide, coriaceous, deep green. Raceme springing from the base of the bulbs, nodding, 6 — 12-fld. Individual flowers 2 in. across. Sepals broadly oblong acute, creamy- white. Petals much smaller, linear-oblong, same colour with brown. 23 176 The Orchids of Burma. Midlobe yellow at the base, but devoid of scent. Flowers in spring. Burma, Williams, Orchid Album, x. t. 459. 23 . C. lentiginosa, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3. Pseudobulbs linear oblong, leaves shortly petioled elliptic lanceo- late, raceme 5 — 8-fld., sepals oblong-lanceolate acute and rather nar rower petals pale green, side lobes of lip oblong obtuse, margins brown, midlobe large shortly broadly clawed nearly semicircular crenate white with orange blotches, disk with 3 obscure short crenate ridges. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lobby Parish, Pseudobulbs 3 — 4 in., obtusely 4-angled. Leaves 6 — 8 in. Scape with erect raceme 4—5 in., sheathed up to the flowers ; brads ^ lanceo- late, persistent ;^07vers 1% in. diam. ; ridges of lip not produced on to the midlobe, side lobes speckled with brown. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 131- Bot. Mag. t 5958 ; Rchb. f. in Trans Linn. Soc. xxx, 146 ; Walp, Ann. vi. 224 ; C. P. 189. Syn. — C, fuliginosay Lindl. Fol. Orchid, p, 3. 24 . 0. Maculata, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 43. ; in Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 45, t. 33 ; Fol. Orchid. 15. Pseudobulbs stout umbonate with a conical top, sheaths of scape bullate, bracts large inflated truncate, flowers white, sepals oblong-lanceo- late, petals oblanceolate, lip rounded quite entire blotched with dark purple, disk yellow and red with 5 — 7 pectinate ridges. Nepal, Wallich, Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 3500 — 4000 ft., Clarkcy &»c, Khasia Hills, alt. 4 — 5000 ft. Wallichy &*c. Non-Burman. Pseudobulbs barrel-shaped, with a depressed top rising into a blunt cone, green spotted with purple. Leaves in pairs on the old pseudo- bulbs, 6 — 8 in., with bullate sheaths at the base. Scape very short, rarely 2.fld. ; flowers 2 — 2)4 in. diam.; sepals and petals variable in breadth. Hook,f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 841. Bot. Mag. t. 4691 ; FI. des Serres, t. 1470 ; Griff. Notul, iii. 281. The Orchids of Burma. 177 Syn. — C. Candida^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat, 1964. Fleione maadata^ Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card. t. 39, 1 1 . ; Jard. Fleur, t. 93. f diphylla^ Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card, under t. 51 ; Fol. Orchid. 15 ; Walp- Ann. vi. 234. Ccslog. Grif!. Itin. Notes 44. No. 684. Chmphostylis Candida^ Wall. MSS. Var. Arihurianay Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 57. Pseudobulbs smaller angular, flowers smaller, petals with purple lines, midlobe of lip margined with a purple band. Rangoon, Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. p, 194, Supplt. SvN. — C. Arthuriafia^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1881, i. 40. 26 . 0. micrantha, Lindl. in Card. Chron. 1855, 173. Pseudobulbs small oblong, leaves oblong- or linear-lanceolate, scape short erect few-dd., sepals oblong acute, petals filiform, side lobes of lip small oblong obtuse, midlobe large broadly oblong or rounded retuse disk covered irregularly with lamellae and tubercles rising into short spines towards the contracted base where there are 3 oblong calli. Tenass^rim : at Moulmein (Hort Low), Fseudobulbs lYz in., on a branching rhizome ; sheaths membranous. Leaves 3 — 4}^ in. Scape with raceme i — 2 in. ; basal sheaths small, sub- acute \ flowers Y diam., pale brown with sooty stains on the lip’* Lindl. \ " green with black specks on the lip,** Rchb. f. Hook.J, FI. Brit. Ind. y. 836— -7. Syn. — C. papagena^ Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 214. 26 . 0, nitida, Lindl. Coll. Bot. 33 ; Gen. and Sp. 40 \ Fol. Orchid. 5 (all in part). Pseudobulbs shining, leaves lanceolate, raceme 3— 6-fld. erect or drooping, sepals oblong-lanceolate and linear 3— s-nerved petals obtuse white, lip with yellow eyes on the rounded side lobes, midlobe ovate, obtuse white, disk with 3 ridges and a yellow area bordered with red. Burma ; Rangoon Agri-Hortic, Society s Collectots. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. B. G, Fseudobulbs i — 3 in., crowded, ovoid oblong obpyriform or sub- globose ; sheaths broad, rigid. Leaves 3 — 10 in., petioled, variable in breadth. Scape not sheathed; bracts deciduous; sepals in. long; 1/8 The Orchids of Burma. lip with a row of tubercles on each side of the midlobe, markings and spots very variable. Capsule 2 in. narrowly pyriform, angles obtuse. Wallich’s C. oceUata is a mixture of nitida^ ochracea and cristata. Hook. /. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 837. Syn. — C. ocellata^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1953 (in part) ; Gen. and Sp. 40; in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 31 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3767 (not good) Floral Mag. N. S. t. 365 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 228 ; Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 45. C, punctulata^ Lindl. Coll. Bot. 33 (ex Gen. and Sp. Orchid.). Cyffibidiutn nitidum^ Roxb. Hort. Beng. 63 ; FI. Ind. iii. 459. — 1 Ccelog.^ Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 328, f. 2. 27. C. ochracea, Lindl. in Bot, Reg. 1846, t. 69 ; Fol. Orchid. 5. A very old species, having pure white very sweet-scented flowers. The pseudobulbs are small, oblong, with two or three lanceolate leaves and the flowers grow in erect racemes 7 or 8 together. The lip has 2 horseshoe-shaped blotches on its disk, which are bright ochraceous-yel- low bordered with orange. It may be grown either in a pot.or a basket. Williams. Non-Burman. 'reinpcrate Himalaya, alt. 5 — 7000 ft., from Kumaon to Upper Assam. Hook. f. Pseudobulbs oblong, leaves petiolcd elliptic-lanceolate, raceme 6 — 8- fld., sepals linear-oblong acute and narrower petals white, lip white with confluent orange and yellow or brownish area.s, side lobes serrulate, midlobe as long broadly ovate acute, base serrulate, disk 2-ridged. Very near C. corymbosa^ but pseudobulbs oblong polished, leaves narrower and longer petiolcd, scape more exserted very long in fruit. Flowers smaller, sepals only i in. long more obtuse, and midlobe of lip broader. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 831. Bot. Mag. t. 4661; Walp. Ann. vi. 226 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. t. 145 ; Lem. Jard. Fleur, iv. !. 342 \ Moore, III. Orchid. PI. Coelogyne, t. 2. Subspecies, conferta^ Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 14C, t. 30, f. 3, with small elliptic acute leaves, shorter perianth segments The Orchids of Burma. 179 and entire side lobes of lip, may (as the authors suggest) be a different species. Hook, f, 1 . c. Burma, Parish, C. P. 150. 28 . C. OVftlis, LindL in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 91 ; Fol. Orchid. 12. Pseudobulbs" fusiform distant on a slender rhizome, scape i — 3- fid , shorter than the lanceolate leaves, sepals ovate-lanceolate pale yel- low-brown, petals filiform, lip white or yellowish streaked with purple, lobes and surface gnd margins fringed with long black hairs. Temperate Himalaya, from Kumaon eastwards, alt. 4 — 7000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft. Hook,f, Very near indeed to C. fimbriata^ differing in the much longer as- cending rhizome, narrower 2 — 3 in. pseudobulbs, and usually larger flowers \ but it varies much in all these respects, as also in the breadth of the sepals and length of lamellae on the lip. Capsule 1 in., turgidly pyriform. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v, 836. Walp. Ann. vi. 232. In Parish's list of Burmese Orchids the references are Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. p. 171 ; C. P. 243. See C, fimbriata^ B, G. Syn. — C, Jimbriata^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1957. C, fipibriata} Lindl. Griff. Notul. iii. 281 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. 291, fig. I. ? C, pilosissima^ Planch. Hort. Donat. 104. Broughtonia linearis^ Wall. MSS. 29 . 0. Parishii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5323. Pseudobulbs on a creeping rootstock, 5 — 7 in. long cylindrical smooth, surmounted by 2 oblong-lanceolate plicate leaves. Peduncle of about 5 flowers in their axil, 6 — 7 in. high. Flowers larg^jgreen, lip crested and marked with black streaks and spots. In this s^^es the flowers terminate the fully developed matured pseudobulbs. ^'/arish. Pseudobulbs very long columnar angled, leaves elliptic or lanceo- i8o The Orchids of Burma. late, raceme 3 — 5-fld. drooping, dowers large green, sepals lanceolate acuminate, petals larger, lip panduriform, side lobes small, midlobe large broadly clawed broader than long, undulate, disk blotched with purple, ridges 4 pectinate on the midlobe warted along the mesial line. Pseudobulbs 4 — 6 in., tufted, acutely or obtusely angled ; sheaths short. Leaves 5 — 7 by 2 — 2 -j 4 in. acute. Scape stout, basal sheaths imbricate ; dowers 3 in. diam.; sepals and petals yellow-green ; lip blue- . green ; base of midlobe truncate, side lobes like aurictes ; column nar- rowly winged. Near C. pandurata. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 837. C. P. 105. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, 0 . praCOZ, see Pleione prcecox, 30 . C. prolifera, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1956 ; Gen. and Sp. 40 \ Fol. Orch. 10. Pseudobulbs ovoid or oblong compressed, leaves petioled lanceolate, scape long very many-dd., raceme erect interruptedly sheathed, dowers small greenish yellow, sepals oblong, petals narrow linear, side lobes of lip short obtuse, midlobe orbicular retuse toothed, disk a-lamellate. Tropical Himalaya ; Nepal, Wallich \ Sikkim, alt. a — 4000 ft., J, D, H, Khasia Mis., alt. 4 — 5000 ft., Griffith^ ^c, Burma, Parish, Pseudobulbs 1% — 2^ in., distant; clothed with distichous scales. Leaves 3 — 7 in., acuminate. Scape slender, terete; sheaths short obtuse; sepals in., 5 — 7.nerved; petals i — 3-nerved. Capsule — 1 in., pyriform, angles obtuse. Hook, /, FI. Brit. Ind v. 838. C .P. 174B ; Walp. Ann. vi. 230. 31 . C. rigida, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 146. Pseudobulbs distant, 3 in. or so, on a coarse, hard, branched root- stock, which is yi in. in diam., ring-marked where the scales have fallen off, and sending out wiry roots from its under surface. The bulbs from 3 — s smooth when young, but much grooved when old and shrunk. Leaves 2, ovate-lanceolate, pointed. Flowers 8 or 10 in a pen- dulous raceme from between the leaves. Raceme 8 in. long, dowers ^ in., rufous. Sepals oblong. Petals very narrow and standing back The Orchids of Burma. i8i from between the sepals. Lip 3-lobed, midlobe broad and itself 2- lobed, with 2 dark brown wavy crests. The unexpanded flowers have each a large ovate pointed bract embracing and nearly concealing them. These bracts are of a rich brown colour towards the point. The flowers occupy about half the length of the peduncle, and at the base of the lowest flowers are a number of imbricated scales, extend- ing back for about 2 inches. The old bulbs are generally surmounted by the hardened rigid remnant of the peduncle, which is almost hard enough to run into the hand. Hence the name. Tenasserim. Parish. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 839; C. P. 42. 32 . 0. Rossiana, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1884, ii. 808. Pseudobulbs large 8 — lo-grooved, leaves elliptic-lanceolate petiol- ed, scape very stout decurved then suddenly upcurved 3 — 4-fld., closely clothed with short densely imbricate sheaths, lateral sepals narrowly linear-oblong acute and very narrow, petals white, lip narrow side lobes with rounded angles and brown sides, niidlobe ovate entire revolute yellow, disk with 2 crenate lamellae from base to apex and a slender median one. Pseudobulhs 2 — 3 in., oblong or subpyriform ; sheaths O. Leaves 8 — 12 by 2 — 3 in., strongly nerved, petiole i — in. Scape from the base of the pseudobulb, 2 — 3 in. long along its curvature, narrowed from the stout base upwards ; sheaths coriaceous, green, tips rounded ; raceme erect, 2 — 3 in., slender, lax-fld. ; bracts yz in. long, as long as the pedicel and ovary, lanceolate, concave, caducous ; flowers i ^ - -2 in., diam. ; sepals yi in., broad \ midlobe of lip not contracted at the base ; column white. The strong decurvature of the scape is not mentioned by Keichenbach or Veitch. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 193 — 4. See also V. 843. Burma (Hart Ross). Veitch Man. Ft. vi. 4^ ; Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1889, 650 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7172. The flowers of this species are described by the late Prof. Reichen- bach as cream-white with ligulate acute sepals and petals. Lip with ochre-yellow side lacinse, the anterior lacinia being of the same colour 1 82 The Orchids of Burata. except the white top. Named in honour of H. J. Ross, Esq., Castag- nole, Italy. Williams, 33 . 0 . sandersd, Kranzlin. Pseudobulbs ovate tapering, 3 — 4 in. long 2-leaved, spike produced from the apex of the mature bulb. Flowers about the size of C, bar- batn, white with a deep orange blotch on the disk, furnished with 3 parallel keels which are covered with long dark brown hairs. Upper Burma. Williams, Reichenbachia, 2nd. Ser., ii. t. 56 ; Card. Chron., 3rd. Ser., 1893, xiii. p. 361, f. 52 ; Journ. of Hurt., 1893, xxvi. p. 313, f. 59. 34 . C. Schilleriana, Rchb. f. in Berl. Allgem. Gartenz. 1858, 189 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. t. 134. Pseudobulbs ^ in. long. Leaves 2, at the end of the undeveloped pseudobulb, which, at this stage, looks like a narrow dower-stalk only, with imbricated bracts at the base. Flowers solitary from between the leaves, about in. diam., se- pals and petals tawny yellow, the latter very narrow. Lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes oblong, rounded, parallel with the column ; the midlobe very broad, wavy, crisped, and notched at the point, colour yellow, with dark reddish brown blotches. The old bulbs are leadess at the dower- ing season. Moulmein and elsewhere. Parish, Tenasscrim, at Moulmein. Lobb, Bot. Mag. t. 5072 ; FI. des Serres, t. 2302 ; F\, Brit. Ind. v. 834 ; C. P. 40- 36 . C. testacea, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 38 ; Fol. Orchid. 2. Pseudobulbs narrow ovoid, leaves petioled, sepals lanceolate sub- acute and rather narrower, petals pale brown, side lobes of lip narrow dark brown margined with white, midlobe broad rounded crenate, disk with 4 spinulose ridges. Singapore, Hort, Loddiges. Not given as Burmese by Hooker, but named in Parish's list. G, Pseudobulbs 3 — 5 in., obtusely angled ; sheaths narrow. Leaves The Okchius of Burma. 183 6 — 8 in., lanceolate, 3 — 5-nerjed. Scape sheathed up to the flowers, raceme many-fld., pendulous ; bracts % in. cymbiform, acute, persistent ; flowers in. diam.; column white, anther brown. Hook,/, FI, Brit. Ind. V. 829. Bot. Mag. t. 4785 ; Walp. Ann. 223 j C. P. 41. 35 . 0. trinervis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1995; Gen. and Sp. 41; Fol. Orch. 4. Pseudobulbs large ovoid, leaves long-petioled elongate-lanceolate, raceme short 4 — 6-fld., sepals lanceolate acute and linear-lanceolate 3- nerved petals white ?, lip brown, side lobes short broad, midlobe broad- ly clawed subreniform retuse bordered with white, disk with 3 narrow ridges extending into the midlobe. Tenasserim ; at 'Favoy, IVallich ; Mergui, Griffith^ Parish, Pseudobulbs 2 — 3 in., curved ; rhizome very stout. Leaves 10 — 18 in, 3-nerved \ petiole 2 — 3 in. Scape with short basal sheaths ; bracts lanceolate, caducous ; flowers in. diam. Capsule in., narrowly pyriform, angles acute. Lip described from a drawing by Parish. Hook, f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 833. C. P. 343- 36 . 0. 7 uniflora, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1966 ; Gen. and Sp. 42. Pseudobulbs about i in. high, (lask-shapcd, seated closely on a creeping rootstock, terminated by 2 long linear leaves. Flowers i (sometimes 2) from the base of the fully maturedhvXh^ and not from the axils of the leaves (herein apparently forming an exception to the rule of the genus), about i in. long, orange-yellow. Lip 3-lobed ; side lobes small acute ; midlobe boat-shaped, with 3 orange-coloured streaks at the base, and 3 similar spots in the middle. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Given as a doubtful species by Hooker. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 842. C. P. 129. Syn. — Panisea unidora, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 240. Epidendrum^ Griff. Ic. PI. As. t. 313, f. 1, 24 iB4 The Orchids of Burma. 37. 0. UBtulata, Par. and Rchb. i in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144 ; C. P. 174A. ^ Pseudobulbs ovoid, leaves small elliptic-lanceolate, scape very slender erect, flowers small, sepals subcqual, oblong acute, petals filiform, side lobes of very broad lip rounded, midlobe small orbicular retuse, disk with 2 curved smooth ridges. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Pseudobulbs i — in. ; rhizome stout. Leaves — 2 in., sessile or petioled, acuminate, rigid. Scape with raceme 4 — 5 in. ; bracts ^ — in., deciduous ; flowers amongst the smallest of the genus, yellow and brown, subercct ; sepals in. long ; lip saccate at the base, nearly orbicular in outline ; column winged above. Amongst Parish’s admirable drawings is another plant named C. ustulata with pseudo- bulbs 2 — 3 in., leaves 4 — 6 in. lanceolate undulate, bracts nearly i in. long, much larger flowers with narrow sidelobes of lip and a much larger midlobe. Hook, /. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 840, KEY TO SPECIES. CcELOGYNE,* Lindl. Epiphytes; rhizome creeping; pseudobulbs 2- (rarely i-) leaved. Leaves coriaceous, or thin and plaited. Scape usually short, flowers usually racemed, rarely (except in sect. Pleione ) 2 ox solitary ; bracts long, sheathing, deciduous. Sepals subequal, lateral saccate at the base. Petals narrower. Lip sessile at the base of the column, erect or embracing it, base concave or saccate. Column long, erect, winged, foot O ; top hooded, membranous ; anther more or less 2-celled ; pollinia 4, cohering in pairs by a granular viscus. In some species of this genus the flowers are produced from the undeveloped pseudobulbs ; in others only from the fully developed ; and this character is quite constant. Again, in some species which flower from the undeveloped pseudobulbs the sheaths of the flowering scape are closely imbricating, and all coriaceous or membran- See Appendix A, Genus 34. The Orchids of Burma. *85 ous ; in others the inner sheaths are more or less foliaceotis, or one or two may form fully developed leaves. This character does not so well limit species, but is very use- ful. Lastly, the presence or aliscnce of sheaths on the scape of the species which flower from the mature pscudobulb, and their position, afford very constant charac- ters. A consideration of these hitherto partially recognized characters suggests the following arrangement of the Indian species. Section I. Euc(Elogyne. ■* Flowers from an undeveloped pseudobulb at the base of the old pseudobulb. Sheaths of the scape all basal. t Sheaths of the scape imbricating, none becoming foliaceous (ex- cept sometimes in C. suaveolens^ ocadtata^ breviscapa and suljurea). § Racemes pendulous or decurved^ many-fld. (prjew-fld, in C. cristata). No. 17, C,Jlaccida\ No. 21, C. Huttneriana\ No. 34, C. testacea. § § Racemes erect or mclined^ rarely drooping^ many- or few-Jld^ No. 19, C fuscescens \ No. 23, C. ientiginosa \ No, 26, C. ochracea\ No. 20, C. graminifolia \ No. 35, C. trinervis, t t Inner sheaths of the scape more or less foliaceous. (See also C. suaveolens^ occultata^ briviscapa^ and sulfurea. All non-Burtmn spedes.) No. 13, C corrugata ; No. 14, C. cynoches\ No. 33, C. Schilleriana, * * Flowers from the top of the mature pseudobulb, t Scape sheathed at the base only. No. 16, C, fimbriata ^ No. 18, C fidiginosa\ No. 24, C. micrantha. No. 27, C ovalis \ No. 28, C. ParishiL t t Scape not sheathed either at the base or beneath the raceme. No. 25, C. nitida, t t t Scape with distichous imbricating sheaths below the raceme only. . No. II, C. barbata\ No. 15, C, elata\ No. 29, C. prolifera\ No. 30, C. rigida \ No. 37, C, uslulala. • Section 11. Pleione. (See page 168.) Doubtful Species. No. 36, C. uniflora. Species unknown to me. No. 12, C, brachyptera \ No. 22, C. lactea \ No. 31, C. Rossiana, The Orchids of Burma. i86 Panisea,^ Lindl. Small tufted epiphytes ; pseudoulbs crowded, 2-leaved. Leaves plaited. Scape lateral ; flowers few, racemed ; bracts membranous. Sepals and petals subequal, narrow, erect ; lateral sepals saccate at the base. Lip as long as the sepals, adnate to the base of the column, claw sig- moid. Column slender, erect, 2-wingcd above , anther 2-celled, pollinia 4, ovoid, free or subcoherent by a viscus. Very near Ca'logyne (lo which Rcnihani has referred Lindley’s other species), dif. fering chiefly in the clawed lip. Hook.f 38 . P. apiculata, Lindl. Pol. Orchid. 2. Lip broadly oblong apiculate. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lobb, Parish. Pseudobulbs in., ovoid, 2-leaved, leaves 2^ — 3 in., shortly pet- iolcd, linear-lanceolate. Scape i — 2-fld., shorter than the leaves ; basal sheaths membranous ; bracts shorter than the pedicel ; flowers in. diam,, greenish or white with 2 small brown blotches on the lip ; sepals keeled, acute ; petals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, lip with a saccate sigmoid claw, sides obscurely angled, tip sometimes obtusely 3- toothed. Hook. / P 1 . Brit. Ind. v. 783. SvN, — Ciclogync apiculata.^ Par. and Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1865, io35;inWalp. Ann. xvii. p. 225; C. P. 214. SUNIPIA, Lindl. A genus of two species only (as far as is at present known), one of which is found in Burma, Parish. 1 . S. scariosa, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7373; Gen. and Sp. 179; Orch. Seel. 25; Sert Orchid. Frontisp. x; Fol. Orch. i. A plant in habit like a Bulbophyllum^ with creeping rhizome of the thickness of a goosequill bearing upon it, at regular distances of 2 or 3 in. ovoid pseudobulbs about i inch long, tapering upwards, each terminating in a single linear leaf, 6 inches by leathery. Inflores- Sce Appendix A, Genus 16. The Orchids of Burma. 187 cence a spike on a long slender peduncle, erect for about 10 inches, with' stem clasping scales at intervals, thence drooping for another 6 or 7 inches. Flowers very small, sessile, alternating on a zigzag rachis, each concealed by a glumaceous bract. Sepals ovate obtuse, the two lower uniting to form a keel. Petals much smaller, and nearly round. Lip articulated with the column 3-lobed, side lobes rounded, middle lobe elongated, blunt, solid, hollowed out at the base. Pollen-masses 4, collateral, nearly round, attached by pairs to two short blunt fleshy caudicles. Colour of flower white tinged with rose at the base. Lip pale yellow. Tenasserim, 4—5000 feet among the mountains. Parish. Pseudobulbs i — i in., ovoid. Leaf ^—6 by — 1 in., subsessile, subacute, or tip rounded. Scape 5 — 10 in., very slender ; sheaths distant, tubular, truncate ; spike curved, 2 — 6 in. ; bracts — yi in., very broadly ovate, acute, complicate, scariously coriaceous, nerved ; flowers rosy, subsessile ; ovary very short, obconic ; sepals obscurely 3- nerved, and petals obtuse, very thick ; disk of lip with an oblong callus. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. v. 772. C. P. 271. Syn . — Ornithidium bracteaium^ Wall. MSS. KEY TO SPECIES. SuNiPiA,* Lindley. A tufted epiphyte, rhizome creeping ; pseudobulbs narrow, i-leaved. Leaf coriaceous, many-nerved. Floivers small in a distichous spike, concealed by the imbricating bracts. Sepals very broad, subequal, spreading. Petals minute, rounded ovate. Lip small, sessile on the base of the column, erect, broadly tongue-shaped ; midlobe thick, ob- long, concave, margins recurved. Column very short, broad ; anther suberect, sessile, persistent, cells distant ; pollinia 4, ovoid, free or cohering by a viscus. See Appendix A, Genus 10. i88 The Orchids of Burma. AOBOSTOFHYLLUM, Blume. Epiphytes with tufted sheathed flattened leafy stem. Leaves dis- tichous, linear ; sheaths, flattened, persistent. Flowers very small, white, crowded in sessile terminal heads, mixed with long paleaceous bracts, rarely in small racemes. Sepals erect, conniving, concave ; lateral broader, adnate to the foot of the column. Petals narrow or broad. Lip adnate to the short foot of the column, short, erect, entire, or 3-fld. Column short, stout, thickened above ; anther 2-celled \ pollinia 8, ovoid, free or connected in fours by a small viscus. Hook. f. 1 . A. Callosum, Rchb. f. in Seem. FI. Vit. 296. Sepals s — 7-ncrved, petals orbicular many-nerved, lip broadly ovate or oblong obscurely 3-lobed concave with a large subbasal callus and 2 smaller ones at the lateral siiius. Upper Burma, Griffith, (K. D. 5216). Stem 12 — 18 in., leaves 5 — 7 by in., narrowed from the base to the rounded notched tip ; sheaths 5^ by % — in., mouth truncate. Heads i — i in. diam. ; flowers in. diam., pink ; lip very variable, sometimes distinctly 3-lobed with the middle lobe orbicular from the same head with broadly ovate obscurely lobed lips ; ovary obtusely angled, much longer than the obtuse inner bracts. Hook, f, Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 824. 2 . A. Khasianum, Griff, in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 378, t, 19. A plant with fleshy flattened stem about 5 in. long, in broad by bearing a leaf (possibly 2 leaves) at top. Leaf oblong 6 in. by I in. Flowers in a small dense head at the base of the leaf, interposed with brown bracts. The pollen-masses are 8. The plant grows in a tufted manner, — several stems near together. This is the meanest Orchid and the most ne^^^^^-looking that I know. Parish, , Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Heifer^ 5 ^^ 9 y Griffithy etc. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 824. Syn. — A, planicauky Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 909 ; C. P, 103. Appendicula Hasseltiiy Wight. Ic. t. 1748, f- 3 Blume). Eria planicauliSy Wall. MSS. See, A, Javania^my Bl. Tabellen 53. The Orchids of Burma. 189 KEY TO SPECIES. Agrostophyllum,* B 1 . * Lip subentire or ylobed. Petals broad^ 5 — niany-nerved. No. I. A. Callosum. * * Lip with a concave hypochile^ truncate in fronts a broader epi- chile attached by a small base to its under surface^ Petals linear^ i — 3- nerved. No. 2. A. Khasianum. SPATHOOLOTT18, Blume. Terrestrial plants with subterranean corms ( rhizomes under ground” Bentham in FI. Hnk. Kng. p. 355), and sword-shaped plicate leaves. Lip articulate at the base of the column, not spurred but concave or saccate, 3-lobed, middle lobe contracted into a claw, and crested or tuberculated. Column winged or petal like. Pollen- masses 8, waxy. Scapes radical, leafless. Lindley, These plants require thorough drainage, over which should rest a layer of living sphagnum moss to prevent the mould percolating into the drainage and choking it and thus preventing the free outlet of water, of which they require a good supply during the growing season ; but during the time when the corms are inactive just sufficient water should be given to keep the soil moist. Williams. 1. S. Bensoni, Hook. f. Ic. Plant, ined. t, 2087. Tall, scape 18 in. or more, raceme elongate and flowers puberulous, bracts very small ovate-lanceolate flowers i in. diam., sepals subacute, midlobe of the saccate lip hardly longer than the side lobes sessile cuneately obovate. Pegu ; on the Prome Hills, Benson (Herb Maingay ). Leaf 12 jn., narrowly lanceolate. Racemes 6 — loin. ; flowers rather distant ; bracts 1/6 in. ; pedicels in. Capsule i in. The specimensi consist of a leaf and 2 racemes. Sidelobes of lip shorter See Appendix A, Genus 30. 190 The Orchids of Burma. and broader than in S, plicata ; the calli together form as it were an intermediate lobe, keeled at the back. Hook, f, in FI. Brit. Ind. V. 814. 2. S. Hardingiana, Par. and Rchb. f. in Otia liamb. fasc. i. P- 45 ; Pseudobulbs about the size of a cobnut, terminated by 2 lanceo- late pointed leaves much attenuated below, 6 — 7 in. long by broad. The flowers are borne in a loose raceme of some 8 — 10, on i (occasion- ally 2) slender peduncle 9 — 10 in. high, with 2 or 3 sheathing scales nearly an inch long at regular distances upon them, springing from the base of the pseudobulb. Peduncle red and covered with soft hairs. Each flower, which is nearly an inch in diameter, has a slender stalk i in. long, and a pointed bract at its base. Sepals ovate -lanceolate pointed. Petals same length and appearance but much narroiver, all thrown backwards when in full flower. Lip long and narrow, awl-shaped, very acute, from a broad rounded base with a central longitudinal line. About the middle of the lip are two prominent lumps or callosities (one on each side of the line) of considerable size for that of the lip. The column is long, slender, arched (almost hooked at the end) and winged on the upper half. Anther 2-celled. Pollen-masses 8, long, tapering into caudicles, and cohering in 2 bundles of 4 by their glutinous extremities. The colour of the unopened buds is greenish, that of the expanded flower clear white with just a blush of rose at the tips ; column rose ; anthers deep red purple, and the callosities marked with red and yellow. An extremely elegant little orchid sent me by Mr. Harding of Rangoon in 1873. I named it accordingly after him. I believe he received it from Bhamo. I grew it for 2 years, with the greatest ease, at Maul- mein in a pot, where my one plant increased to 2 or 3. This species has been placed in this genus by Reichenbach, but, although terrestrial, the pseudobulbs are above ground, the petals are smaller than the sepals, and the lip is undivided. Parish. North Burma ; Bhamo, Herb. Parish. FI, Brit. Ind. v. 815 ; C. P. 352. The Orchids of Burma. 191 3. 8. Lobbii, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 455 ; in Card. Chron. 1876 (? 1856), 534. Underground bulbs of irregular shape, 2 long linear-lanceolate leaves and long slender flower-stalks, which have from three to five yel- low flowers, about lyi in. across. Sepals and petals broad, nearly the same size. Lip 3-lobed or tripartite, and of a remarkable shape (midlobe of lip longer than the obovate oblong side lobes^ claw slender suddenly dilating into an obcordately fiabelliform smooth blade. Hook. f.). Plant about i ft. high. Easy of cultivation and deserving of it. Parish. Tenasserim Hills, east of Amherst ; Arracan, at Akyab, Parish. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 814, C. P. 368. Veitch Man. Orchid. Pt. vi. 7. In Veitch 1 . c. this species is described as a native of Borneo. Hook.f 4. 8. Pubescens, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 3744 ; Gen. and Sp. 120 in Bot. Reg, 1745, under 19; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 22. The above description (of S. Lobbii) applies to this orchid, the two plants differing only in points of small detail. Parish. Mts. of Arracan and Burma, Lobb. Griffith^ etc. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 814; C. P. 153. Syn. — .S. Fortuni^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1 . c. t. 19. (The Chinese S. Fortuni has a broader column than pubescens and the commissure of the side lobes of lip always villous, but I find no other differences. Hook.f) Pachystoma Wightii and Fortuni^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 464. Var. Berkeleyiy leaf 14 by in., raceme many-fld., flowers in. diam. Arracan Hills, Berkeley. The leaves of S. Fortuni being sometimes nearly a foot long, 1 venture to regard this as a variety of pubescens^ as suggested by Lindley. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 814. Specimens of this in Herb. Calcutt. from Upper Burma have leaves i in. broad, the scape 18 in., and flower as in Fortuni, except that the midlobe is very thick, and its wings cuneately oblong and trun- cate. Hook. f. /. c. vi. 191. Supplt. 25 192 Tii^ Orchids of Burma. 6. ? S. Plicata, Bl. Bijd. 401, t. 76. Tall, stout, scape 2 — 3 ft., raceme puberulous, bracts ovate or lanceolate acuminate, flowers i in. diam. lilac, sepals broad acute, midlobe of lip longer than the side lobes, claw narrow dilating into a cuneately flabelliform blade. Pseudobulbs when full grown 2 in. diam. Leaves 2 — 4 ft. by I — 3 in., finely acuminate ; petiole 6 — 18 in. ; raceme 6 — 12 in., many- fld. ; bracts — i in., reflexed (in young plants flowers few and bracts larger) ; pedicel i in., calli of lip yellow, sparsely villous. Capsule i % in., pendulous. Griffith (Notul. iii. 324) gives the Khasia Hills as a locality (as well as Malacca) but this is a mistake. Hook. /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 813. Hooker gives Malay Peninsula ; from Penang and Perak to Singa* pore as localities. The plant was furnished to Parish by Mr. Low, of Clapton, in a supplementary list of Burmese orchids. Parish remarks, “ Lindley gives Java and Penang for this plant. Nothing* is more likely than it should be found in Burma also, though Mr. Low may possibly have received it from the Straits ascribing it through error to Burma.” B. G. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 119 ; in Wall. Cat. 3743; Walp. Ann. vi.’ 455 - SvN.—^'. lilacina^ Griff. Notul. iii. 323 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 31 1, f. 3. Bletia angustifolia^ Gaud, in Freye. Voy. Bot. 421, t. 32. KEY TO SPECIES. Spathoglottis,* Blume. Pseudobulbs on a creeping terrestrial rhizome, broadly conic, i — 3- leaved. Leaves^ long-petioled, elongate, narrow, plaited. Scape lateral ; flowers racemed, often large. Sepals free, subequal. Petals subsimilar or longer and broader. Lip sessile, erect \ lateral lobes erect, midlobe clawed ; disk at its base tubercled or crested. Column long, arched. * See Appendix A, Genus 22, The Orchids of Burma. *93 subclavate above and two-winged, foot O ; anther a-celled ; pollinia 8, slightly cohering in fours. * Pseudobulbs clothed with rigid fibres of old leaves. Scape tall^ stout. Petals much broader than the sepals^ many-netved. No. 5, S, Plicata\ No. i, S» Bensoni, * * Pseudobulbs small^ depressed conic^ naked or nearly so. Scape usually very slender. Petals equalling or broader than the sepals, J — p- nerved. No. 3, S, Lobbii \ No. 4, S. Pubescens, * * * Petals narrower than the sepals, j-nertfed. No. 2, S. Hardingiana, CALANTHE, Robert Brown. This species is of easy culture, having evergreen foliage,— except in the case of the vestlta group — (C. Vestita, C. Veitchii, C, Turneri, C, WilliamsH and C, Pegnieri), which are deciduous, losing their leaves during the season of rest. This deciduous group is sometimes separated from Calanthe as a distinct genus under the name of Preptanthe, Limatodes is also included as a near ally of C, Vestita by Bentham and Hooker. Nearly all the species have striking and attractive flowers, one peculiarity of which is that the claw of the lip is, in most cases con- nate with the column. The evergreen species are rather larger upright-growing plants with plaited leaves : the long erect floral racemes come up between the leaves and are developed along with them. The deciduous species, produce their flowers after the leaves and bulbs are completed. They should be allowed to go to rest in a leafless condition after flowering until the season for again starting into growth. They are mostly terrestrial orchids and are best grown in pots. They are propagated by separating the bulbs. Williams, 1. C. Biloba. Var Obtusata, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx, 144 j C. P. 254. 194 The Orchids of Burma. Flowers larger (than in the type), blade of lip with a rounded apex and 3 obscurely caruncled nerves at the base, disk yellowish. Hook. /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 848. Tenasserim. Parish. “ Has a distinct gland, very Vandeous-like.” Parish, In connection with the above is given the following description of C, Biloba^ Lindl. Fol. Orch. 3. Lateral sepals broadly ovate falcate aristate 5 — 7-nervcd, petals oblong acuminate 3-nerved, lip with a narrowly winged claw, blade very large broad deeply 2-lobed, lobes broadly hatchet-shaped or orbicular, sinus very acute with a basal apiculus, spur very short. short. Leaves 8 — it in,, long-petioled, broadly elliptic or oblanceolate, caudate-acuminate. Scape — 2% ft. with the long lax-fld. raceme, pubcnilous ; bracts i — in., very slender, equalling the ovary ; flowers i in. diam. ; sepals and petals pale purplish ; lip as broad as the rest of the flower, pale pink, blade naked, inner angles of lobes subacute. Hook, f, FI. Brit. Ind. v. 848. The type is not Burmese. B, G. I 2. 0. Olavata, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7343 ; Gen. and Sp. 251 ; Fol. Orchid. 5. Scape loosely sheathed, bracts much longer than the yellow flowers sepals oblong acuminate, petals broad, lip short broad, base rounded, side lobes small, midlobe suborbicular emarginate, base with 2 triangu- lar lamellae, spur clavate, as long as the ovary. Assam and Upper Burma, Griffith, Rhizome creeping \ stem 4 — 8 in., sheaths long. Leaves i — 2 ft., long-pctioled, narrowly lanceolate; nerves strong. Scape lateral, 10 — 20 in., stout or slender ; young raceme crinite with bracts which are \y% in. long ; pedicels ^ in., very slender; sepals ^ in.; lip very variable. Capsule Yz in,, pendulous. Ilook.f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 854. Walp. Ann. vi. 914. 3 . 0. Foerstermanni, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1883, i. 814. “ Raceme cylindric dense-fld. ; bracts about equalling the yellow The Orchids of Burma. *95 flowers, midlobe of whitish-yellow, lip obreniform apiculate, spur da- vate, half the length of the pedicelled ovary,” Eastern Burma, Foerstepnann, 1 have seen no specimens of this species, which is evidently very near C. Curculigoides, Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 854. 0 . labrosay see Limaiodis labrosa. 0 . Rosea) see Limatodis Rosea, A. 0 . Tubifera, Hook. f. Stem tall, internodes long, sheaths cylindric, leaves many distichous alternate narrow, scape lateral, sheaths inflated, raceme pubescent lax-fid., lip broadly oblong, base rounded, side lobes small, midlobe small sessile emarginate, spur O. Upper Burma, Griffith, Stem 15 in., about as thick as the middle finger; internodes loosely clothed with tubular sheaths 3 — 4 in. long. Leaves 6 — 14 in., sessile, linear-lanceolate. Seaj>e 12 in.; raceme 6 in. ; bracts not seen ; sepals ^ in. long, lanceolate, acuminate ; petals subsimilar ; lip as long, twice as long as the column, without lamellae, lateral nerves divergent crested, midlobe crisped. Flowers pubescent. Hook, /. in FI, Brit. Ind. v. 855. 6. G. vestita, Lindl. in Wall. Cal. 7345 ; Gen. and Sp. 250 ; Fol. ; Orch. 10. Scape from the base of a large pseudobulb and lax-fid. cernuous raceme villous, flowers rosy white or greenish, bracts large ovate, sepals ovate-lanceolate aristate 5-nerved, petals broadly oblong 5-nerved, lip very large, side lobes cuneately obovate, midlobe flabellately deeply ob- cordate, sinus acute, spur very long slender involute. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Wallich, — Distrib. Borneo. Pseudohulhs 2 — 5 in., ovoid, obtusely angled, leafing after flowering. Leaves 12 — 18 in., lanceolate, glabrous. Scape 12 — 18 in., stout below; sheaths few, large, acute ; bracts — i in. ; pedicels very slender with ovary in. ; sepals i — in., petals obtuse or retuse and apiculate; 196 The Orchids of Burma. lip variable, exceeding the sepals ; side lobes sometimes absent. The hybrids between this and C. {Limatodis) Rosea^ labrosa^ and others, are very numerous. Hook.f in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 852. An extremely beautiful plant, widely distributed ; always found on trees. Parish, Bot. Mag. t. 4671 ; FI. des Serres, t. 816 ; Jard. Fleur, iv. t, 333. Paxt. FI. Card. 147 (? 106), (with Ic.); Paxt. Mag. xvi. t. 129 ; C. P- 20 ; Veitch. Man. vi. 70. SvN. — Cytheris Griffithii^ Wight. Ic. t. 1751 — 2. Preptanthe vestita^ Rchb. f. Bot. Zeit. 1853, 493 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 460. Van Nivalis, A deciduous species of great beauty. It has large squarish silvery grey pseudobulbs, broadly lanceolate nervose leaves, which grow up and become matured after the flowering is over, and tall radical scapes of charming creamy white flowers. Moulmein. Williams, Wight. Ic. V. t. 1752 \ Paxt. FI. Card. i. 106, fig. 720 ; iii. 38, wood- cut of plant. Sub-Van Luteo-oculata, A variety of the above which has a blotch of yellow in the centre of the lip. The flower-spikes are produced from October to February and are very dense. Burma. Williams, Bot. Mag. t. 4671 3 Paxt. Mag. Bot, xvi. 129, with tab. Leni. Jard. FI. t, 333. FI. des Serres, t. 816 ; id. 1 1308 — 9, fig. 1 3 Warner Sel. Orch. PI. t. 29, upper fig. Van RubrO‘OCulata, A free flowering orchid producing from Oct. to Feb. long drooping flower-spikes which arc covered with soft white hairs, and rise from the base of the silvery green pseudobulbs before the latter produce their leaves. The flowers are upwards of 2 in. across ; the sepals and petals delicate white, the lip the same colour, with a blotch of rich crimson in the centre. Moulmein. Williams, Paxt. Mag. xvi. 1293 Regel. Gartenfl. 1873, 75 *; Warner Sel. Orch. PL i. t. 29, lower fig. FI. des Serres. 1. 1308-9, fig. 2. Veitch. Man. vi. 71. SYii.—Giganlea, Williams Orch. Alb. v. t, 21 1 3 Veitch. Man. Orch. PI. vi. 70 3 Hort. Belg. 1889, 121. Var. TurnerL A very handsome variety with jointed pseudo- The Orchids of Burma. 197 bulbs producing longer flower-spikes and larger flowers and these in greater quantity than in the older and better known C. Vestita. The flow- ers are more compact in shape, the colour being pure white, with a deep rose-coloured eye. A peculiar feature of the plant is that it blooms after the forms of C. Vestita are over. Moulmein. Williams, Has the elongated pseudobulbs of Regneri and the flowers of rubro- oculata. Hook, f Veitch. Man. Orch. Pt. vi. 70. Sub-Var. Turneri nivalis. An elegant variety with pure white flowers, which are in no other way different from those of Turneri. 'Fhe plant flowers in winter and is especially valuable for wedding bouquets, or any other purpose for which pure white flowers are wanted. It blooms contemporaneously with Turneri. Burma. Williams. Calanthe Viridiftiaca, see Tainia Viridifusca. KEY TO SPECIES. Calanthe,* Br, Terrestrial, often pseudobulbous. Stem short or tall, leafy. Leaves plaited. Scape axillary, terminal or from the side of the leafing pseudo- bulb ; flowers small or medium-sized, racemed. Sepals subequal, spreading, rarely connivent. Petals broad or narrow. Lip adnate to the top or base of the column, 3-lobed, midlobe often deeply a-fld., disk lamellate. Column long or short, obliquely truncate; anther conical or convex, 2-cclled ; pollinia 8, waxy, cohering in pairs by a granular viscus. Capsules drooping. Section 1 . Lip at the top of the short stout column opposite to the stigniatic cavity. • * Bracts persistent. Scape usually from amongst the leaves. * See Appendix A, Genus 37. Limatodis u included in Calanthe by Hooker in his FI. BHt. Ind, B, G, 198 The Orchids of Burma. t Spur O or minute. (See C. gigantea at the end of genus, and C. Mannii in f f). Neither speaes is Burman. B, G. No. 1, C. biloba var. obtusata, 1 1 Spur half as long as the sepals or longer (except C. Mannii), § Flowers small; sepals ^ — % in, long, (See also C. Veratrifolia and purpurea in § § ). No Burmese species. %%Floivers large; sepals i in, long; petals broad (except Masuca var, fulgens). No. 5, C, Vestita, § § § Flo7vers large i in, long; petals narrow. No Burmese species. ♦ * Bracts caducous as the raceme elongates, equalling or exceed- ing the flowers. Scape shorter than leaves. Flowers black when dried. No. 2, C, Clavata, No. 3, C, Foerstermanni, Section 11. Lip inserted at the base of the column, which is not embraced by its side lobes. Bracts very long, slender caducous. Scape always shorter than the leaves. No. 4, C. tubifera. Section 111, see after Limatodis, Idmatodis, Blume. A small genus of beautiful terrestrial orchids related to Phaius, in which it is included by Bentham ; it also closely resembles Calanthe, The flowers have a spurred lip rolled around the column, from which it is free. It includes some species of a highly ornamental cha- racter. They are all Eastern, being found in Java, Sumatra^ India, and China. During the growing season these plants require a liberal supply of water at the roots— in fact they should be kept watered till they flower. After blooming they should be rested. They should be grown in pots The Orchids of Burma. 199 like Calanthe Vestita, They are propagated by dividing tlic pseudo- bulbs just when they begin to grow. Williams, Terrestrial plants bearing pseudobulbs nourished by fibrous roots which penetrate the vegetable soil. In character very near to Calanthe, Sepals and petals spreading, nearly equal. Lip free, undivided, spurred. Column very short. Pollen-masses 8, as in Calanthe, without a gland. Leaves terminal, broad, plicate. Flowers in a raceme on a stalk which springs from the base of the pseudobulbs. Parish, By a slip of the pen Lindley formerly wrote the name “ Limatodes but has corrected it in the Folia Orchidacea. Williams, 6. L. Rosea, Tandl. in Paxt. FI. (lard. t. 8r ; Fol. Orchid, i. Scape from the base of a large pscudobulb and inany-fld., raceme villous, bracts ovate-lanceolate persistent, flowers large rosy, lip with narrow convolute side lobes and a large obovatc oblong entire spread- ing midlobe, spur slender shorter than the sepals. Pseudobulbs 4 — 8 in., obpyriform or fusiform, acutely keeled and grooved, leafing after flowering. Leaves 8 — 18 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate. Scape 12 — 18 in., slender; pedicel and ovary ij 4 in.; bracts — i m., green ; flowers in. across ; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; petals oblong, acute ; lii) i in. long, base yellow edged with scarlet ; spur shorter, villous ; column very short, pubescent. In many respects allied to C. Vestita, with which it hybridizes. Hook f, FI. Brit. Ind. V. 856. A charming winter flowering orchid, of which there are many varie- ties. A deciduous plant with fusiform pseudobulbs five or six inches long, much swollen at the base and terminated by broadly lanceolate membranous ribbed leaves. The flower-scapes proceed from the base of the pscudobulbs, and are nodding, attaining a height of one or two feet, bearing .many flowers, which are generally of a pleasing shade of rose-pink, with a flat oval lip, the side lobes of which are white rolled over the column, and having a white throat surrounded by a well defin- ed ridge of deep rich rose. The pseudobulbs which arc pale brownish or greyish colour, are 2O 200 The Orchids of Burma. curiously constricted in the middle part, as seen in some forms of Calan- tfu Vestita. Wiilianis. .A lovely plant, profusely abundant in the crevices and on the ledges of the limestone rocks about Moulmein, growing in loose, rich, vegetable mould. Parish, Bot. Mag. t. 5312 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 921 ; C. P. ii. Syn. — Calantht Rosea. Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 521. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 856. 7 .. L. labrosa, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1883, 44. Habit, foliage, and inflorescence of Cahinthe {Liwatodis) rosea^ but sepals yellow without, purplish within, as are the petals, lip flabelliform from a cuncate base retuse crisped pale purple with darker purple spots at the base, and spur longer than the sepals. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 856. Tenasserim, at Moulmein {Hori, VeifeJt). Syn. — Calanthe labrosa.^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 44 ; and Hook. f. as above. KEY TO SPECIES. Calanthe. Section III. Lip inserted at the top of the broad short column, its side lobes convolute and embracing the column. No. 7, L. (C) labrosa ; No. 6, L, (C) rosea. Arundina. Blume. A genus of terrestrial orchids of considerable beauty. They have erect reed-like leafy stems, invested by the leaf sheaths, and'the termin- al loose racemes of large showy flowers, in which the sepals are spread- ing and the lip sessile, spurless, concave at the base surrounding the column. The few species are found in India and the Malay Peninsula. They are best grown in pots and need plenty of water in the growing The Orchids of Burma. 201 season. They are propagated by dividing the crowns and also by taking off and potting the young plants produced on the stems. IViliiams, Terrestrial with tall erect leafy stems and 2-ranked leaves, and no pseudobulbs. Sepals lanceolate, equal, petals broader. Lip 34obed or entire, rolled round the column, without a spur. Column half-rounded, clavate, at the end. Pollen-masses 8, in fours. Flowers large hand- some. Parish, 1. A. bambuaifolia, Lind), in Wall. Cat. 3751 ; Gen. and Sp. 12$ (? 123) \ in Bot. Reg. xxvii, Misc. 2 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 22. A fine evergreen terrestrial orchid, with reedlike stems, 3 — 5 ft. high, producing its flowers from near the top of the stem about July and continuing to bloom for some time during summer and autumn. The leaves are ensiform, pale green, and the flowers, which grow several together on a terminal spike, are large, with pale magenta-rose sepals, and petals, and a rich rose lip striped with orange lines on each side the white throat. Burma. Williams, Damp shady places amongst moist rocks, Akyab. Parish, This species is not given as Burmese by Hooker, who gives, how- ever, Chittagong as a locality. B. G, Wight. Icon. t. 1661 ; Griff. Notul. iii. 329, 331 ; Ic. Plant. Asial. t. 314 ; Walp, Ann. vi. 457 ; FI. Brit. Ind. v. 857 ; C. P. 362 ; Bot Mag. 1. 7284. Syn. — Cymbidum bambusifoliuniy Roxb. F. Ind. iii. 460. Bletia graminifoliay Don. Prodr. 29. Limodoruvi graminifoliumy Hamb. MSS. KEY TO SPECIES. Arundina,* Blume. Terrestrial erect herbs with rigid terete sheathed simple stems, and narrow grassy distichous leaves. Flowers large, red, in terminal erect ‘ 1 ^ See Appendix A, Genus 38. 202 The Orchids of Burma. stiff simple or branched racemes or panicles. Sepals free, spreading, lanceolate, acuminate, flat, many-nerved. Petals broader, many-nerved. Lip large, broad, sessile on the base of the column and embracing it. Column long, slender, narrowly winged ; foot O. Anther-cells 2, pollinia 8 in. compressed superposed pairs cohering by a viscus. Section I. Euarundina. No. I A, bambusifolia. Section II. Dilochia. No Hurmesc species. Phajus. Loureiro. Terrestrial or e[)iphytic plants, generally tall and caulescent, though sometimes steinlcss and pseudobulbous. Scapes radical Flowers showy. Sepals and petals free, si)reading, nearly etiual. Li}) rolled at its base round the column, 3-lobed, or entire, spurred. 'Fhe midlobc with ridges or raised crests. Column continuous with the ovary, half-round. Pol- len-masses 8, nearly equal. Parish. 'Fhese plants are of easy culture. If tine specimens are wanted they should be grown in jjots of large size with loam, leaf mould, and rotten cow-dung. 'I'hey require plenty of heat and moisture at their roots in the growing season, but the water should not touch the young growth. During the period of rest they should be kept cool and sup- plied with very little water. Propagation is effected by dividing the bulbs after the blooming season is past. IVilliams. Thunia is united with Phajus by Hook f. in FI. Brit. Ind. B, G. Phajus Albus, see Thunia Alba. P. Blumei, see P. Wallichii. 1. P. Roseus. Rolfe. This very distinct Phajus was collected by the Rt. Hon. the Earl The Orchids of Burma. 203 of Scarborough and flowered in his collection in December last, and was' sent to Kew for determination. The flowers are of a delicate light rose shade, the lip somewhat marbled with white-spots, the disk with a white hairy fleshy keel and a minute tooth at the apex, and the spur deep yellow. In fading the flowers pass to a light orange- buff shade. Upper Burma. li^ew Bulletin No, /j, iSgj (where the habitat is erroneously given as W, Africa), and corrected in Kew Bui- letin June i 8 g 4 * 2. Phajus Wallichii, Lindl. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 46, t. 158 ^ Gen. and Sp. 126. Leaves i — 2 ft. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, scape very tall, sepals and petals spreading lanceolate acuminate, spur slender short or long, lip with a tubular limb and ovate-lanceolate acute or acuminate, sometimes truncate crisped midlobc. Sikkim Himalaya ; in tropical valleys, J. D, IL Assam and Sylhet, Wallichy Upper Burma, Griffith, 'I'enasserim, Parish, Ceylon, alt. 2 — 4000 ft. Distrib. Malay Islands ? Pseudobulbs i — 1Y2 in. diam., conical, sheathed by the leaf-bases. 2 8 in. broad, sometimes spotted ; petiole 6-- 10 in. Scapt 2 — 4 ft., sometimes thicker than the thumb ; bracts 2 in., spathaceous, caducous \ pedicel i in. ; flowers 4 — 5 in. diam. ; sepals and petals white greenish or rosy without, within yellow-brown with golden margin, rarely white or concolorous ; tube of lip pink or red with a yellow base, midlobe - orange, red, or white and pink; spur % — in. long. Capsule 2 — 2}^ in. Possibly a form of the Chinese P, grandifolius^ Lour. I know of no character whereby to distinguish P, Blumei, Veitch (Man. Pt. vl. 15) describes P. bicolor z.% a variety of IVallichii, with small knobby rhizomes, and smaller flowers having a tawny yellow spur and tube of the lip, and white midlobe bordered with rose. It is a native of Ceylon. He retains P, grandi/olius as a different species, including Blumei as a war. of it. The only tangible characters, except colour, by which he distinguishes grandifolius from Wallichii are that in the former the sepals and petals are oblong-lanceolate, and the lip 204 The Orchids of Burma. broadly obovate ; whilst in the latter the sepals and petals are linear- lanceolate and the lip broadly oval. He gives the Himalayas as habitat for both. His var. Blumei differs from the type {grandifolius) in the broader deep buff yellow petals and sepals faintly mottled with red. As habitats of grandifolius he gives, besides the original one of China, the Himalaya, Cochin China and Australia ; thus following Bentham (FI. Austral, vii. 304), who includes P. Australis, leucopheaeus and Carronii, of ¥. Muell under that species. Hook, /. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 816 ; and vi, 191. Paxt. Mag. vi. t. 193; Walp. Ann. vi. 459 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7023. Syn. — Limodorum Tankervillue^ Koxb. FI. Ind. iii. 466 (not of Aiton) Pkajus grandifolius^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 3747 (not of Lour.). ? P, Blumei^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 127 ; Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 2 t. I ; ct t. 5D ; De Vreise illust, t. 8 ; Regel Garienfl. 1865, t. 404 (? 464). P, bicoloTy Lindl. 1. c. 128; Sert. Orchid, t. 25 } Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 61 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4078 ; Wight Ic. t. 1659-60 ; Thwaites Enum. 300 ; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 178 \ AValp. Ann. 1. c, 458. Below is a description of P, B/umei, A very handsome plant. From a creeping root-like caudex it pro- duces roundish ovate pseudobulbs, which are marked by annular scars and develope lanceolate acuminate strongly plicate leaves 2 ft. long. The scape springs up from the base of the bulbs and grows 3 — 4 ft. high, terminated by a floral raceme i ft. long, the sepals and petals are lanceolate acuminate, olive brown, the lip rolled up over the column, ochraceous outside, the larger ovate undulated front lobe mucronate, crimson with a yellowish margin. Williams, From Bhamo. Parish^ C, P, 371. KEY TO SPECIES. Phauus.* Lour. Terrestrial or epiphytic large stout herbs. ' Leaves plaited. Scape * See Appendix A, Genus 24. The Orchids of Burma. 205 lateral on the pseudobulb, or axillary or terminal ; flowers large, hand- some, racemed. Sepals and petals subequal, spreading or suberect. Lip adnate to the base of and embracing the column, erect, base gib- bous or spurred, midlobe various. Column long, stout, foot O ; anther incompletely 4 celied ; pollinia 8 , attached by fours to a large granular viscus. I am not sure that the following arrangement according to the position of the scape, being derived from often imperfect specimens, will hold good. * Scape from the side of the pseudohulb^ iall^ stout. No. 2, P. Wallichii. * * Scape from the top of the pseudobulb. No Burmese species. * * * ^cape axillary or from amongst the leaves. No Burmese species. * * * * Raceme terminating the leafy stem. P Albus. See Thunia Alba. THUNIA, Reichenbach fll. A small genus of Asiatic orchids, by some included among Phajus, from which genus, however, they are readily distinguished by their man- ner of growth, and by several striking differences, as, for example, by their terete leafy stems, which grow in fascicles, by their deciduous leaves, and by their terminal drooping clusters of flowers provided with large membranaceous bracts. The structure of the flowers very closely resem- bles that of Phajus. Professor Reichenbach refers the genus to the tribe Arethuseac. The plants should be liberally supplied with water. They will grow on blocks, but pot culture is the best. The drainage must be perfect. After flowering the water given must be much reduced, only enough being given to prevent the bulbs shrivelling. They are propa- gated by division and also by cutting up the old stems into pieces about six inches long and inserting them in a pot in the same manner as 206 The Orchids of Burma. ordinary cuttings. This latter operation should be effected just when the young growths are complete. Williams, Epiphytal plants, with leafy fascicled stems, slightly swollen at the base, clothed with alternate leafy sheaths from the bottom, enlarging upwards with normal leaves. Flowers few, 2 — 6, terminal, each with a spathaceous bract at the base. Sepals and petals lax, thin, wide- spreading, lanceolate, pointed, nearly equal. Lip parallel with the column, 3-lobed, bluntly spurred, the lateral lobes enveloping the column ; middle lobe rounded, side lobes toothed. 'Fhe stigmatic aperture is covered by a membrane which falls over and conceals it ; very much as in Vanilla, Pollen-masses 4, or, by division 9, united by a thick fleshy stipes. Anther 2-cellcd, each cell subdivided again into two. Parish, 1. Thunia Alba, Rchb. f. in Hot. Zeit., 1852, 764. The stems of this handsome plant are terete, about 2 ft. high, clothed throughout with leaves, the lower ones, produced when the stem first begins to lengthen, broad, .round, amplexicaul and scale-like, oblong-lanceolate acute, 6—8 in. long, glaucous beneath, falling during the resting season so as to leave the slender terete stems bare. The flowers are produced on a short dense terminal nodding raceme just as growth is finished. The sepals and petals are jmre white, oblong-lance- olate acute, and nearly equal j the lip is oblong-cucullate rounded at the apex, where it is denticulated, white, beautifully pencilled over the disk and front portion with purple and lilac. Williams. Pseudobulb O, leaves distichous oblong- or linear-lanceolate acumi- nate, raceme sessile, bracts nearly as long as the flowers persistent, sepals and petals oblong-lanceolatc acuminate, lip shovel-shaped with a broad toothed and crisped midlobe, disk with 5 crested ridges, spur short. Slems stout 6 — 18 in., densely tufted, pendulous, leafy from the slightly swollen base. Leaves 6 — 14 in., soft, glaucous beneath. Raceme 2 — 3 in., distichously 4 — 8-fld. ; bracU — 2^ in., charta- ceous, narrowly cymbiform, acute ; sepals and petals erecto-patent, 2)4 — 3)4 in. long, white ; lip white or light or dark yellow with purple red or ochreous veins. Capsule i in. long. Very variable in size The Orchids of Burma. 207 of flower and colour of lip. See vars. Veitchiana^ Warn. Orchid. Alb. viii. t. 326 ; and Wrigleyana^ Williams. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. V. 818. Tropical Himalaya, alt. 2 — 5,000 ft., from Garwhal to Sikkim, ascending to 6,000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4 — 5,000 ft. Arracan and Burma. I'he Concan ; on Matheran Hill. Grahatn^ Dalzell^ etc. Rev. Hortic. 1874, t. 450; C. P. 378. Syn. — Phajus Albus, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 3749; Gen. and Sp. 128. Bot. Reg. 1838.1.33; Bot. Mag, t. 3991; Knowles and Westc. t. 125 ; Paxt. Mag. v. t. 125, With tab. Grab. Cat. Bomb. PI. 205 ; Bliime Mus. Bot. ii. 181 ; Wallich PI. As. Rar. t. 148; FI. Cat. t. 125. Hook f. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 818 and vi. 192. Limodorum bracteatum^ Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 466. Var. Marshalliana^ Rchb. f. in Linnaea xli. 65. A lovely species of free growing character. The stems are reedlike, erect, terete and leafy, the leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate, 6 in. long, semi-amplectant, distichous pale green, glaucous beneath. The flowers, which are produced in June and July, are large, white, with the lancco- late-oblong acute spreading sepals and petals 2 yi in. long, and the lip white with the lower part convolute around the column, streaked with yellow and purple on the upper side near the front, and produced behind into a retuse falcate spur, the front part spread out, roundish, golden yellow, with numerous forking veins of deep orange covering the whole surface except the extreme edge, which is white and beautifully frilled ; the disk bears 5 yellow raised veins and 5 shorter ones on each side, all pectinately fringed with chrystalline hairs. Moulm ein. IVilltams, Regel. Gartenfl. t. 1098 ; Warn. Orch. Alb. t. 130. Syn. — P,Dodgsoni^Tytzxi Floral Mag. 1878 t. 329; T. Marshal- liana^ Williams ; Veitch. Veitch* (Man. Orch. Pt. vi. ig) keeps Marshalliana as a form from being usually more tall and robust, the lip shorter, the hairs on the crests of the lip more numerous and longer, the column shorter and stouter with apical wings more dilated."' Hook, /. 2r 208 The Orchids of Burma. Sub. Var. ionophkbia^ Rchb. Card. Chron. 1885, 70. Centre of lip pale yellow, sides streaked with purple. Hook, /. Sub. Var. Purpurata^ Rchb. f. A very fine variety, “ the superior half of the lip being pure white, and having five yellow keels on the disk ; the anterior portion has numerous bright purple nervations outside, namely, on the sides, covered with yellow filiform processes ; the middle is nearly white with very numerous yellow filiform processes ; the fringed and wavy border is of the purest white, which affords an admirable contrast to the large purple spots, the numerous purple nervations giving the effect of spots at the distance.” This novelty was communicated to us by W. E. Brymer, Esq., Dorcester. Burma, Williams, Sub. Var. Triloba^ Rchb. f. A superb variety, first fid. by ourselves in 1888; the flowers are large; sepals and petals pure white, with an abruptly s-lobed lip, which has dark reddish-brown veins, 1 3 darker rows of processes on crests. / VilUams, Var. Bensonia^ Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5694. Stems erect, leafy, terete, fascicled, from i — 2 ft. high, their lower parts clothed with broad roundish refiexed leafy sheaths, which pass upwards into the true leaves ; these are distichous from 6 — 8 in. long, green above, slightly glaucous beneath. The flowers are large, 2—3 in, across, and produced, like those of T, alba^ just when growth is finished, from the top of the stem in a short scarcely drooping raceme. 'I'he sepals and petals are spreading, oblong lanceolate, 2j4 in. long, open, bright magenta, becoming white towards the base ; the lip is large, open, the side lobes rolled over the column, magenta in front, white at the base, the central lobe oblong, frilled at the edge, of a rich magenta purple, -the crests forming a broad oblong patch of yellow frilled keels occupying the disk. Mts. of Moulmein. WiUiams, Jennings Orchid, t. 35; Williams. Orch. Alb. ii. t. 67; C. P. 199. “ Veitch Man. Orch. Pt. vi. 19, does not regard Bensonim^ Alba and Marshalliana distinct; he distinguishes Bensonm from The Orchids of Burma. 2og Alba by the larger differently coloured flowers, with the midlobe of the lip larger in proportion to the whole lip, and more oblong, and by the wings of the column being toothed.” Hook, f, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 192. Syn. — Phajus Bensonia^ Hemsl. in Card. Chron. 1882, 565. Var. Brymeriana^ Rolfe. This handsome species is an introduction of Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, and flowered in their establishment in June 1892. A plant from the same source also flowered at Kew in the following year. It is allied « to “ T, Marshalliana ” Rchb. f. and “ T, Alba^^ Rchb. f. The sepals and petals are white and the throat of the lip yellow with numerous radiating crimson purple veins extending to the margin. Upper Burma. Keiv Bulletin No, 8 g Var. Pulchra Rchb. in Card. Chron. 1881, ii. 166 ; Flora 1872, p. 276. In general character like T, Alba and 7 ! Bensonice but a very much larger plant. Whereas in these only 2 stems, one old and one new, go to form the plant, the variety under consideration has several stems growing in a fascicled manner, and these are 18 in. or 2 ft. long, as thick as the little finger, and leafy throughout. The flowers also arc more numerous, 6 — 8 in a raceme. They are while, hardly so large as those of Bensonice^ and the lip is marked out with ochraceous lines in the disk, and yellow veins, whence the Syn. Xanthophlebia. Grows on trees in the plains about Moul- mein. Parish, Syn. — T. Xanthophlebia Par. and Rchb. fil. C. P. 5. Var. candidissima. This new species is described by Reichenbach as having the habit and appearance of T. Marshalliana, It has a nodding inflorescence of about 6 flowers ; the spur is inflated and bilobed as in T, Marshalliana^ the trifid lip having the anterior edges of the side lobes toothed, the midlobe has filiform processes, and there are also a few similar processes on the disk \ the sepals and petals are white, and the throat is without any yellow colour. It was first flow^ered by Sir Trevor Lawrence, who 210 The Orchids of Burma. found it on an imported plant of Dcndrobium Wardianum. Burma. Wiliiants. 2. T. Marstersiana, KranzUn. This new species is described by Dr. Kranzlin as being exceedingly handsome, of strong robust habit ; the stems immediately above the ground are as thick as the thumb, and more than 4 ft. in height, with glaucous densely crowded distichous leaves, to — 12 in. long, nearly 2 in. broad ; in general appearance the plant is more like a palm than any other Thunia. “ It is, of course, nearly allied to T, alba^ and perhaps even more closely to T, pu/chra, but it differs from both ; the flowers are scarcely ^ the size of the two allied species, the labellum is more campanulate, only the extreme margin is revoluted.” Named in honour of Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S., Moulmein. Williams. T. Brymeriana, see T. alba l^ar. Brymeriana. T. Bensonias, sec T. alba Var. Bensonm^ T. candidissima, see T. alba Var. candidissima. T. Marshalliana, see T. alba Var. Marshalliana. T. pulchra, | > see T. alba Var. puUhra. T. Xanthophlebia, ) KEY TO SPECIES. See after Phajus. Tribe III. VANDE^i, Pollen-masses with a caudicula, united to a deciefuous gland. MONOMERIA. Lindley, Founded by Lindley on one species discovered by Wallich in Ne- The Orchids of Burma. 2II pal, to which Lindley gave the name of M, barbata. It was my good fortune in Feb. 187! to find on Ta-ok, at about 3,000 ft., elevation, a solitary plant, looking exceedingly like a Bulbophyllum, Knowing by experience how very deceptive these Bulbophyllum-like orchids are, 1 brought it down to Moulmein, where it flowered, and proved to be a Monomeria, I thought I had JJndley's M, barbata^ so very similar did it prove to his description and to his figure of that plant in his Sertuni Orchidaceum. Eventually, however (to be short) Prof. Reichenbach pro nounced it to be a distinct species, and gave it the name of M, era- bro^ from a fancied resemblance of the flowers to a hornet. Parish, I must refer the reader to the remainder of the article on Monomeria by the Revd. C. Parish in Theobald’s edition of Mason’s “ Burma, ” as it is too long for quotation here. A special interest is attached to this plant, which appears to have been only once found on Ta-ok, in the Dauna range, east of Moulmein, at an elevation of 3 — 4,000 ft. B. G. 1. M. crabro. Par. and Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 143 t. 28 ; C. Pt 312. The rhizome, which is about as thick as a cedar ])encil, and cov- ered with scales, creeps extensively, emitting tough wiry roots from its under part. It has pseudobulbs seated upon it, several inches apart. These are pear-shaped, about 2 inches long, and terminated by a soli- tary leathery strap-shaped leaf, which is some 10 in, by The flow- ers are about 20, individually i in. long, forming a sparse raceme ex- tending over about 9 in. of a curved drooping scape, which in total length is 15 or 16 inches. This scape springs from the base of the pseudobulb, and has several scales on its lower portion. The flowers, of a remarkable shape, terminate a germ of 1 in., in length, which, in fact, forms their peduncle, and at the base of the germ is a lanceolate bract. Of tRe 3 sepals the upper one is ovate triangular, sharp pointed, and stands erect, arched over the column which in part it conceals. The two lateral, or, in this case, more markedly lower sepals are ob- long, oblique, pointed, parallel to each other, and cohering along their whole length so as, apparently, to form but one oblong-pointed seg- 2X2 The Orchids of Burma. ment. Petals minute, triangular, fringed. Lip elevated on the upturn- ed end of the column, much shorter than the lower sepals, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes small, triangular, acute ; middle lobe oblong, with a mucro, or point, at the end. The colour of the upper sepal is yellow, that of the lip dark purple, and the two lower sepals are blotched with the same colour on a dark yellow ground. To my great surprise, on dis- section, I found 4 pollen masses cohering in one round mass exactly as described by Lindley (in A/, barbatd)^ but also proceeding from between them, a rigid curved stipes, and at the end of it a gland, not a membranous gland as in Vandese, but a firm groumous mass. Parish. Syn. — ? AI. barbata^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1798; Gen. and Sp. 61 ; Sert. Orchid. Frontisp. Epicranthts barbnia^ Rchb. f. in VValp. Ann. vi. 265. “ I find no characters whereby to distinguish M. crabro (from M. barbata) \ the analysis of the lip in the plate does not conform to mine. Possibly the Nepal habitat is an error. Hook. /. in FI. Brit. Ind. v. 782. Hooker’s description of M. barbata is as follows : — Pseudobulbs 2 — 3 in., ovoid, smooth. Leap 8 — 10 in., thickly coriaceous, tip obliquely obtusely 2-fid, narrowed into the 4«-*6 in. pet- iole. Scape 12 — 18 in., fiexuous \ sheaths short, distant ; raceme long \ bracts ^ in. \ flowers white speckled with purple, about i in. long ; lip orange-brown. Nepal, Wallich. Tenasserim, Parish. KEY TO SPECIES. Monomeria,* Lindl. Pseudobulbs i -leaved, on a stout long rhizome. Leaf long, flat, thick, petioled. Scape from the rhizome long ; flov^ers loosely racemed. Dorsal sepal broad, erect, complicate, acuminate ; lateral much longer at the end of the naked foot of the column. Petals minute, broad, fimbriate. Lip small, jointed on the foot of the * See Appendix A, Genus 14. The Orchids of Burma. 213 column, subcordate, margin revolute ; side lobes small, horn-like, a|)ex terete obtuse, disk broady lamellate. Column very short, broad, 3-1001 li- ed ; anther i -celled ; pollinia 4, cohering by a globose gland. EULOPHIA, Robert Brown. Class I. Eulophia rKopKR. Column not produced into a foot. Ilook.f lerrestrial plants, pseudobulbous. Roots fibrous from their base. Flowering stems sometimes terminal on the yet undeveloped leafy bulbs which grow out from the base of the old leafless bulbs, sometimes also several from various parts of the old bulb, simple or branched. Leaves long, membranous, plicate or smooth. Sepals and petals spreading, nearly equal, free, or adhering more or less to the column, which is lengthened into a blunt spur. Lip 3-lobed, middle lobe wrinkled, much veined or crested with hairs. Anther 2-celled. Pollen -masses (vande- ous) 2, each with a mark as of a second and smaller lobe behind, attached by a small stipes {caudicie of Lindley) to a rather large gland. Flowers in racemes, numerous, single, of no great beauty, about i in. diam., generally greenish, with more or less of purple on the lip. Parish, Among the Vandeous genera with plicate leaves and pseudobulbs, its chief peculiarity is the presence of agibbose sac or spur at the base of the lip. The fifty species which are known are most abundant in tropical Asia, with one or two in Australia and an erratic species ap- pears to have been found in Brazil. Very few species of this interesting genus are known in cultivation. They are best grown in pots, in a compost of good fibrous loanij leafsoil, and sand, with the addition of a little charcoal. Propagation is effected by separating the pseudobulbs. Williams, I follow Blume, and others, in removing Cyrtopera from Cyrtopo- dium (where it is placed in Gen. Plant.), and including it as a section under Eulophia^ there being a direct passage from the species with, to those without, a foot to the column. 214 The Orchids of Burma. In Sect. Cyrtopera the lateral sepals are inserted either on the foot of the column, leaving the spur or sac of the lip free, or their insertion extends along the spur, which then is technically a mentum. The perianth of Eulophia is undistinguishable from that of Geodo- rum and Tainia^ of which the former might but for habit be united with it ; the latter differs in having a creeping rhizome, usually solitary leaves and more than 2 pollinia. Chrysoglossum resembles a Eulophia with the pollinia free from the rostellum. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. vi. i. 'The above arrangement is that followed here. B.G, 1. Eulophia bracteosa, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7366; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 23, Gen. and Sp. 180. Bracts very long, sepals oblong, tip rounded petals broadly obo- vate very many-nerved, lip narrowly obovate-oblong, obscurely 3-lobed, disk with 5 crenulate veins. Tenasserim, alt. 3,500 ft.. Parish. Stem 4 — 6 in., sheathed. Leaves i — 3, 10 — 18 in., linear-lanceolate, petioled, 3-nerved. Scape stout, shorter than the leaves, clothed with long sheaths \ raceme short, few-fid. ; flowers fleshy ; bracts i — i in., sepals in., yellow ; lip white or lilac, streaked ; spur short, obtuse. Capsule I in. Lindley’s habitat of Ceylon for Grandiflora is no doubt an error, Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi, 3. C. P. 157. Syn. — E. grandiflora^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 181. 2. E. burmanica, Hook. f. Scape robust, sheaths short loose, raceme many- and dense-fld. bracts Aliform equalling the ovary, sepals 1/3 in. oblong obtuse many- nerved, petals narrower 3-nerved, lip cuneately obovate, side lobes short rounded, midlobe small ovate, disk with 2 carunculate nerves. Upper Burma ; Bhamo, Griffith. Tuber OX base of scape oblong. Scape 14 in. ; sheaths t in. ; raceme 4 in. ; bracts ^ — yi in., almost capillary, reflexed ; pedicel with ovary as long ; spur conical ; column short ; pollinia globose. A remarkable species, of which there is but one very bad specimen with twisted scape ; it is possibly near E. macrobulbon. Hook*/. FI. Brit. Ind. vi* 5. The Orchids of Burma. 215 3. E. graminea, Lindl. in. Wall. Cat. 7372 ; Gen. and Sp. 182 : in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 23. Leaves grass-like, bracts small lanceolate, sepals lanceolate acumin- ate and elliptic-lanceolate acute petals tessellate, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes small, disk with 3 — 5 lamellate or crested nerves which are fim- briate on the rounded midlobe. Hook, /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 2. Tenasserim, Parish, C. P. Nos. 205 and 295. Syn. — E, inconspkua^ Griff. Notul. 349 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 326 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 25. 4. E. lachnocheila, Hook. f. Scape stout, raceme lax-dd., bracts equalling or exceeding the ovairy subspathaceous, sepals lanceolate acuminate and shorter elliptic petals many-nerved, lip narrow pubescent, side lobes short rounded, midlobe obovate-oblong retuse, margin wav^d, disk densely softly spiny . Upper Burma ; at Maypongo, Herb, Hort, Calcutt, Tuber globose* Stem 4 . — 6 in. Leaves 2, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Scape with the raceme 18 in. ; sheaths 2, acuminate ; raceme 6 — 8-fid. \ bracts ^—1 in. membranous, linear-lanceolate, subspathaceous ; flowers I in. diam. ; lateral sepals inserted at the base of the column ; lip shorter than the sepals ; hypochile obovate, as long as the rather narrower epi- chile ; spur short, cylindric \ column rather long. Hook,f FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 2. E. Promensis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7365 ; Gen. and Sp. 1813 C. P. 242. See Eria {Tainia) Promensis, Class II. Cyrtopera, Lindl. Column jproduced into a foot. Hook. f. Terrestrial pseudobulbous plants, so near in their several characters to the preceding as by some to be united with that genus (^Eulophid). Lindley distinguishes the genus by the absence of a spur, whereas it is present in Eulophia^ but in the only two species known to me, pro- 28 2I6 The Orchids of Burma. nounced to be Cyrtopera by Prof. Reichenbach, there is a distinct spur, and it is simply in deference to his acknowledged authority that 1 have separated them from Eulophia. They affect damp shady jungles in places where vegetable mould abounds. Parish, A small group of terrestrial plants, containing a few very handsome species. It is united by Bentham and Hooker with Cyrtopodiuniy from which it differs in its simple inflorescence, and in the lateral sepals being wider at the base and connate with the foot of the co* lumn. They have fleshy stems, in some cases short and tuberous, in others more elongated and fusiform, long thin plaited dark green leaves, and flowers generally of a showy character in erect spikes springing from the root. The few known species are widely scattered, occurring in India, Madagascar, South Africa, Peru, and the West Indies. Culture, These plants resemble Bletias^ and should be treated in the same manner. They should be potted in a mixture' of turfy loam, peat and sand, but not elevated upon a cone above the rim of the pot. Williams, 6. Eulophia (Cyrtopera) Andamensis, Rchb. f. in Flora 187a, 276. Raceme lax*fld., bracts short, sepals linear-lanceolate 3 — 5-nerved, acuminate, petals rather broader obtuse 3-nerved, side lobes of lip obtuse, midlobe large broadly clawed, orbicular, crisped retuse, disk with the 3 median nerves thickened between the side lobes, all other nerves thick, divaricating and much branched. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Andaman Islands, Kurz, Stem at the base tuberous, with thick roots. Leaves short during flowering, linear-lanceolate. Scape i — 2 ft. ; sheaths short ; bracts shorter than the pedicels ; sepals Yi in. long ; lip shorter than the sepals, white with green edges and nerves ; spur conic, obtuse \ anther 2-tuber- cled. Hook, f, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 8. C. P. 94. 6. E. (cyrtopera) bicarinata, Hook. f. Raceme oblong, densely many*fld., sepals linear-oblong acute The Orchids of Burma. 217 undulate, petals shorter, broader many-nerved, lip obovate-oblong, side lobes narrow, midlobe large orbicular crisped, two lateral nerves forming long calli at the base of the disk and with the median nerve tubercled on the midlobe. Upper Burma, Griffith. Flowering before leafing. Scape 8—30 in., stout or slender ; sheaths inflated ; bracts slender, short or long ; flowers resupinate, purplish brown, greenish or yellowish; sepals in. long ; lip longer than the sepals, tip rounded or notched ; spur conical or obtuse. Flowers often streaked with pink. I have not seen the leaves, and Griffith does not describe them ; he says the flowers are purplish brown and the lip broadly obtusely spurred. Hook /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 6. Syn. — Cyrtopera hicarinata^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7363 ; Gen. and Sp. 189 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 31 (excl. cit. Ic. Griff.). Epipactist bicarinaia^ Herb. Ham. Cymbidium^ Griffith Notul. iii. 343, No 9 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 320, f. 3 (pollen), 7. 7 . E. (Oyrtopera) holochila, Coll, and Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii; 132. Raceme lax-fld., flowers large, bracts about equalling the ovary, scape robust, sepals oblong obtuse, petals obovate-oblong tips rounded, lip orbicular entire or very obscurely broadly 3-lobed, disk smooth. Hook /. Ic. Plant. 2116, ined. Burma ; on the Shan Hills, alt. 4,000 ft. Collett. Leaves very young at flowering time. Scape 12 in., as thick as a swan’s quill, with two oblong ventricose obtuse sheaths below the middle ; raceme 6 in. ; bracts, slender membranous ; pedicel with ovary % in. ; flowers i — 2 in., broad ; sepals 7-nerved, lateral adnatc to the sides of the spur; petals 5-nerved, the outer pair branching out- wards ; lip about as long as the sepals, nerves very many parallel, mentum spur-like. Only one specimen seen by me. Hook./. Brit. Ind. vi. 196. 8. E. (Oyrtopera) macrobolbon, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144. 2I8 The Orchids of Burma. Flowers grow in a dense raceme of many individuals, of a uniform dull brown, or burnt sienna colour. Parish, Scape robust, raceme densely many-fld., bracts filiform, sepals lin- ear-oblong acute, petals shorter elliptic obtuse many-nerved, lip cuneate, side lobes short subterminal, midlobe small orbicular crisped, disk with two nerves thickened at the base and together with the middle nerve crenate towards the apex, Sikkim Himalaya {Ic, in Herb, Calcittt\ Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Tuber large. Scape with raceme i8 in., as thick as the little finger; sheaths basal, loose ; bracts — yi in., equalling the filiform pedicels ; sepals in. long ; petals rather broader ; lip shorter than the sepals ; spur conic, obtuse ; anther with a produced 2-fid top ; pollinia oblong. Parish describes the leaves as oblong, acuminate (more likely elliptic- lanceolate), sepals and petals brown, lip yellow, spotted red. The Sikkim drawing represents a stem as thick as the middle finger, with sessile ob- ovate leaves i — 2 ft. long, purple beneath and on the margin ; a scape as thick as a goose-quill, dark purple, as are the fiowers ; raceme 12 in., many-fld. ; bracts very slender, as long as the ovary ; sepals in., long and petals violet-purple ; lip paler. Hook,f FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 7. C. P. 37. 9. E. (Cyrtopera) nuda, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7371 ; Gen. & Sp. 180. Tall, raceme elongate many-fid., bracts various, flowers large green or purple, sepals linear-oblong acute, petals shorter elliptic-oblong many- nerved, lip obovate-oblong obtuse, side lobes obscure, midlobe rounded or retuse crisped, disk crested with many crenulate or tubercled nerves. Pegu and Tenasserim. Upper Burma (Herb. Hort. Calcutt.). Hook,f, Tuber large. Leaves 10 — 14 in., elliptic-lanceolate, very variable in breadth. Scape 1 — 3 ft., stout ; sheaths appressed ; bracts rarely equal- ling the ovary ; sepals i in. ; mentum rounded or conical ; lip shorter than the sepals. Capsule i in., fusiform. There may be more than one species here, so great are the differences in colour of the flower, from a pale green to a dull purple. Hook, f, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 6* The Orchids of Burma. 219 Syn. — E. bicohry Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. (1857), 343 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 264 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 647. Cyrtopera fusca^ Wight Ic. t. 1690; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 31 ; Thwaites Enum. 429 ; Walp. 1 . c. 668. C. plicata^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7362 ; Gen. and Sp. 190. C. nuia^ Rchb. f. in Flora 1872, 274. C. Gardneri^ Thwaites Enum. 302. C. mysorensis^ Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 32. C. laxiflora^ Gardn. MSS. Dipodium Roniayte and plicatuniy Herb. Hamb. — ? Kheede Hort. Malab. xii. t. 26. 10 . E. (c]rrtopera) squalida, Lindl in. Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 77 and Misc. 164. The flowers grow in a loose sparse raceme, and are Yi — 2 in. in diam. Sepals creamy-white striped with purple, petals pink; lip undivided, oblong, faint pink, with a broad yellow line down the middle. The anther has 2 horn-like appendages. Parish. Raceme elongate many-fld., bracts equalling the ovary, sepals ob- long-lanceolate acuminate, petals elliptic-oblong many-nerved, lip as broad as long, subequally 3-lobed, strongly closely nerved, midlobe crisp- ed retuse, disk naked. Stem rooting from the base without a tuber. Leaves 8 — 12 hy i}i — 2 in., narrowly lanceolate, some long-petioled. Scape^ 18 — 24 in., stout or slender; sheaths appressed ; sepals Yz—i in. long ; lip Yi in. across the side lobes, base rounded, mentum conical. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 6. Penang, on Govt. Hill, Curtis. Singapore, Ridley. Distrib. Malay islands. Hook./. Tenasserim, Parish. SvN. — Cyrtopera squalida. Rchb. f. in Bonpland, 1857, 38 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linm. Soc. iii. 31 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 668 ; C. P. 347- 220 The Orchids of Burma. KEY TO SPECIES. Eulophia, * Br. Terrestrial quite glabrous herbs ; rhizome tuberous, rarely pseudo- bulbous. Leaves appearing with or after the flowers, plaited. Scape lateral, flowers racemose, rarely panicled. Sepals and petals free, spread- ing. Lip erect from the base or foot of the column ; base saccate or with a mentum or short spur ; lateral lobes erect, embracing the column, rarely O ; midlobe spreading or recurved ; disk crested, softly spinous or lamellate. Column short or long, top oblique, entire ; anther ter- minal, 2-celled ; pollinia.2 or 4, sessile or attached by a short strap to a discoid gland of the rostellum. Section I. Eulophia proper. Column not produced into a foot. * Leaves and flowers coetaneous, or nearly so. t Pseudobulb very large, epigeal, green. Leaves very narrow. Scape often branched. No. 3, E, graminea, 1 1 Roots tuberous, hypogeal. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Scape unbranched. § Lip longer than broad, side lobes short or O. No. I, E, bracteosa \ No. 4, E, lachnochila, § § Lip broader than long, side lobes short or O. No Burmese species. * * Flowers appearing long before the leaves. (I have not seen the leaves of any species of this subdivision). No. 2, E, bumianica. Section II. Cyrtopera. Column produced into a foot. * Lateral sepals inserted on the spur of the lip {see also E. explanata). No. 7, E, holochila \ No. 9, E, nuda ; No. lo, E, squalida. * See Appendix A, Genus 39. The Orchids of Burma. 221 * * Lateral sepals inserted on the foot of the column^ free of the spur of the lip or nearly so. No. 5, E. Andamanensis ; No. 6, E. bicarinata \ No. 8, E. macro- bulbon. OEODOBUM. Jackson. Terrestrial, pseudobulbous. Petals and sepals free, nearly equal. Lip ventricose, obscurely 3-lobed, or entire, slightly spurred or pouched at the base, parallel with the column. Column short, very broad, not produced below. Anther 2 -celled, but the partition not prominent, with two little lappets inside, which serve to keep the pollen-masses in their place. These are two, with deep indentations, attached by a broad stipes to a transverse somewhat triangular gland. Old bulbs leafless, new undeveloped bulbs leafy. Leaves broad plicate, sheathing at the base. Scape from the base of the young leafy bulb, shorter than the leaves. Flowers incurved, drooping, rather dense racemes. Parish. 1. 0. candidum, Wall. Cat. 7374. Flowers ascending or erect, sepals linear-oblong, petals almost or- bicular 7 — 9-nerved, lip very broad, narrowed upwards from the 2-crest- ed dilated base, disk nearly naked, tip crenulate. Lindl. Fol. Orchid, (in part). Burma, Griffith ; Tenasserim, at Moulmein, WallicK Syn. — G. attenuatum^ Griff, in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 338. t. 24. Griffith further describes his G. attenuatum (which certainly is the same as Wallich’s candidtitti) as having a truncate spike, subequal sepals and petals (which they are not in his' drawing in Herb. Calcutt.), inodorous white wide flowers, less spreading than usual, tip of lip con- cave, almost conduplicate, emarginate, crenate, disk with a callus, co- lumn sprinkled with cellular pubescence below the stigma and along the broad nerves of the lip, and a very short column with a bidentate tooth on each side of the apex. It is a very distinct species. A single specimen 222 The Orchids of Burma. of G. citrinum is on the sheet with Wallich’s specimens of this. Fi. Brit. Ind. vi. 17. G. candidam» Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3., Syn. — lAmodorum candidum Koxb. from Sylhet, Khasia and Moulmein, is probably dilaidtum (q. v.) ; it is certainly not G. Candidum^ Wall. Cat. 7374* Hook, /. 1 . c. 2 . G. citrinum, Jackson in Andrews’ Bot. Rep. t. 626. Flowers in. diam., yellow, sepals and petals very broad acute, lip large oblong deeply saccate with an obtuse gibbosity or spur, more or less streaked with red or purple, disk nearly smooth yellow, tip round- ed or emarginate. Moulmein, Wallich^ Parish. The fig. in the Bot. Repositary represents a plant with bracts hardly exceeding the ovary, 4 — 5 pale yellow flowers i in. in diameter, a large saccate subcalcarate lip broadly oblong with recurved margins, emarginate tip, and yellow and faint purple markings on each side of the smooth disk. The Bot. Mag. plant has flowers as large, but pale green, the lip is similar but not emarginate, and is streaked with red nerves ; the pedicels are much longer, with the ovary i % in. long, and there are many long bracts below, but not on, the raceme, where they are small. The dr. Jaks.? of Wall. Cat. 7375 has the long bracts below the inflorescence of the Bot. Mag. plant, but very short pedicels and a smooth lip with incurved and then reflected margins. The Penang drawing shows short pedicels, pale greenish white flowers, a saccate lip with recurved margins and red nerves ; there are only one or two bracts below the inflorescence, and the floral are as long as the ovaries. Hook*/. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 17. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 176'; Fol. Orchid. 3 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2195 ; Bot. Reg. 626 ; Wall. Cat, 7375 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 633 ; C. P, 275. Var. albido-purpureuniy Par. &Rchb.f. in. Trans. Linn.Soc. xxx 145. Has bracts as long as the flowers, but none below the inflorescence, green sepals and petals, and a dingy purple-streaked lip. Hook./. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 18. Moulmein, Parish. The Orchids of Burma. 223 3 . G. dilatatum, Br. in Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, v. 207. Leaves usually sessile, sepals linear-oblong subacute 3 — 5-nerved, petals oboVate-oblong 5 — 7-nerved, lip broadly cymbiform, tip dilated recurved crenulate or undulate, disk smooth or with granulate nerves ending in irregular small tubercles. Burma, Assam, Sylhet, the Deccan Peninsular and Ceylon (all more or less doubtful). Ifook./ If I am right in respect of this species, it differs from purpunum in its lower stature, broader petals and lip, the disk of which is smooth, granulate or subcaruncled. Wighfs figure is probably an exaggeration of the flowers. Hook./, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 17. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 175 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1797 ;? Wight. Ic. t. 912. — Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 675, is, 1 think, pale-fld. purpureum. Hook./. ^Y^,—Limodorum recurvum^ Roxb. Cor. PI. i., 33 t. 39 ; FI. Ind. iii. 469. Malaxis cernua^ Wild. Sp. PI. iv. 93. Otandra cetnua^ Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 261. ? G. candidum, Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3 ; Gen. and Sp. 176 ; C. P. ii. Syn. — Limodorum candidum^ Roxb. 4. 0. purpureom, Br. in Hort, Kew, Ed. 2, v. 207 (Char, re- form.). Usually tall, leaves at length petioled, sepals linear-oblong acute 3- nerved, petals rather broader obovate-oblong apiculate s-nerved, lip sub- panduriformly oblong, tip dilated 2-lobed, disk with a broad channelled ridge ending in raised calli or a crenate callus. Burma, Hook. / Brown’s G- purpureum was founded on Roxburgh’s drawing of Limodorum nutans^ a native of the Circars, but of which no specimen is record^ to exist. It is represented and described as having the scape longer than the leaves, a lak-fld. raceme, and an acute lip ; characters not hitherto found in any Geodorum. But if it be allowed that the elongate scape and lax-fld. raceme are due to the lengthening of the axis of the scape after flowering, and that the appearance of an acute lip is 29 224 The Orchids of Burma. due to the infolding of its margins towards the apex, then the G. pur- pureum is the commonest and widest-distributed Indian species. Dalzell and Gibson alone identify a plant with G, purpureutn^ Br., and I have examined authentic specimens of it, which they did not, for they give Brown’s characters for the species, whilst those of their specimens are what I have given above. G. purpureum is the tallest and largest leaved Indian species ; its flowers vary from white veined with red-purple to pale purple with stronger veins. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 16—17. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 175 ] Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 266. Syn. — G, dilataium Wall. Cat. 7376. Limodorum nutans^ Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 40 ; FI. Ind. iii. 470 (descr. and flg. in both erroneous). Malaxis nutans^ Wild. Sp. PI. iv. 93. G, dilataium^ Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 675, (C. P. 180) is, I think, pale-fld. purpureum. Hook, f. KEY TO SPECIES. Geodorum,* Jackson. Terrestrial herbs, rootstock tuberous, hypogeal. Leaves elliptic, acute plicate. Scape from the rootstock, stout, erect, sheathed, shorter than the leaves ; flowers crowded in decurved racemes, bracts narrow membranous. Sepals and broader petals conniving or spreading. Lip sessile on the base or short foot of the column, cymbiform, membra- nous, margins involute, disk with or without ridges ending in calli, and with a forked basal callus. Column short, stout ; anthers 2, cells append- aged after dehiscence by the persistent detached faces of the cells ; pollinia 2, broad foveolate sessile or subsessile on a broad strap or gland. I am unable to dcBnc the species from herbarium specimens, or to reduce to any system the descriptions and drawings of Roxburgh, Brown, Lindley and Griffith. The 'descriptions are provisional only. I have spent days to no purpose in endeavours to improve on it by the analysis of specimens. See Appendix A, Genus 42. The Orchids of Burma. 225 OTHBIDIUM, Sw. Epiphytes with or without bulbous bases. Stems tufted. Roots few, fleshy. Leaves long, narrow, expanded at the base, and these alternate- ly and closely overlapping one another, so as to form a sort of false stem. Flower-stalk of varying length, proceeding from the axils of the lower leaves, few- or many-fld. Sepals and petals nearly equal, spreading. Lip 3-lobed, or undivid- ed, free, articulated with the column, concave, without a spur. Column prominent, erect, half-round. Anther 2-celled. Pollen-masses 2, bilob- ed behind, sessile on a large triangular gland. Flowers generally hand- some, in short few-fld. erect, or in many-dd. pendulous racemes. Parish. Best grown in hanging pots, in which they require plenty of room. Propagation is effected by dividing the pseudobulbs. Williams. 1. Oymbidium aloifolium, Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 73 ; in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1779, ii. 218. (not of Wight). A common plant, at least in the Tenasserim Provinces, with long, narrow, hard, rigid, fleshy or leathery leaves, and a long drooping raceme of dull-coloured flowers. It forms large masses on trees. Parish. Racemes elongate pendulous or decurved many-fld., flowers — 2 in. broad, sepals and petals linear-oblong subacute, epichile broadly ob- long or suborbicular equalling or shorter than the hypochile, disk with 2 curved thick lamellae. Stem short, stout. leaves 1 — 3 ft. by Yz — 2 in. Race?ne 12 — 18 in. ; flowers variable in colour and size, usually dull purplish brown with pale borders. I am much puzzled with this and the following species, which ap- pear to differ, in so far as all my copious materials show, only in the comparative length of the epichile and hypochile of their lips, and in their geographical ranges, aloifolium being strictly, northern and eastern, and bicolor as strictly western. These characters would be absolute were it not that Rheede’s figure of the Malabar plant has the lip of aloifolium. According to drawings in Herb. Kew and Calcutta, C. aloifolium is very v$iriable in otheif respects, and three varieties are distinguishable. 226 The Orchids of Burma. 1 . Racemes shorter suberect fewer-fld«, sepals and petals obtuse dull purple with yellowish pale margins. This exactly resembles the Chinese (?) C, alotjolium^ Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 967 ; Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. iii. 69, t. 383. 2 . Flowers larger, sepals and petals subacute bordered with white, lip yellowish streaked with rcd^ all as described by Rheede. 3 . Swartz’s C. pendulum^ which he says is too near C. aloifolium \ flowers small or large, sepals and petals pale dirty yellow or greenish with a more or less broa^ dirty purple centre, lip streaked with red. To this belongs Wal- lich’s C. crassifoHum with pale dowers. Lindley distinguishes C. pendulum from aloifolium chiefly by the lamellae of the lip of the former being in- terrupted clavate and arched behind, and of the latter continuous, ap- proximate, confluent at their tips. Thwaites gives aloifolium as a native of Ceylon (Jaffna, Gardner)^ but, as he cites Wight’s Ic., no doubt bicolor is intended. Lindley ’s of Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 27 includes this, bicolor and sikkimense. Reichenbach’s description of C. Mannii is that of aloifolium^ of which there are specimens in Mann’s Herb, (kind- ly lent to me) ; as to his habitat of “ Obres,” Mr. Mann informs me he knows of no such place. Hook,f FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 10 — Tropical Himalaya, from East Nepal eastwards. Assam, and southwards to Tenasserim and the Andaman Islands. ( ? Malabar, Rheede), Distrib. China ? Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 458 ; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 165 ; Wall. Cat. 7352 C ; Walp. Ann. vi. 624 (excl. Ic. Wight) ; Sw. Willd. iv. 401 ; C. P. 12. Syn. — C. pendulum^ Swartz and Lindl. 11 . c ; Walp. 1 . c. (excl. cit. Bot. Reg.) ; Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 35, t. 44 ; FI. Ind. iii. 458. C. crassifoHum^ Wall. Cat. 7357. C. Manniiy Rchb. f. in Flora, 1872, 274. Epiden- drum aloifolium^ Linn. Sp. PI. 953. jErides Borassi^ Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. Supplt. Rheede Hort. Mai. xii. t. 8. 0. cochleare, Benth., see Cyperorchis cochleare. 2 . 0. ebumeum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, ^7 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii. 28. The Orchids of Burma. * 227 Scape suberect 2 — 3-fld.^ sheathed to the top, flowers 4 — 5 in. diam. white, hypochile of lip with a very thick 3 — 5-grooved pubescent golden ridgA Leaves 12 — 24 by in., acute or acutely 2-fid. Scape 8 — 12 in. ; sheaths equitant, erect, lanceolate, finely acuminate ; bracts acumi- nate ; pedicel with ovary — 2 in. ; flowers very odorous ; sepals very variable in breadth ; petals subfalcate ; side lobes of lip narrow, obtuse, midlobe small, short, undulately crenate, dark yellow. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. II — 12. Non-Burman. Bot. Mag. t. 5126 ; Paxl. Mag. Bot. xv. t. 145 ; Warner Sel. Orchid, t. 21 j Jennings Orchid, t. 16 ; Gartenfl. 1880, t. 155 ; Orchidoph. 1882, 297 ; Wien. 111 . Gartenz. 1887, t. 7, 8; Gard. Chron. N. S., xvii. p. 497, fig. 78 (specimen plant); 1884, ii. 77, f. 17; Batem. and. Cent. Orchid. PI. t. 177 ; Veitcb Man. Orchid. PI. ix. 153 ; Orchid Album x. t. 467. Syn. — C. Syringpdorum^ Griff. Notul. iii. 338. Var. Patishii; leaves broader, lip blotched with dark purple or crimson. Reichenbach distinguishes this by the callus of the lip hav- ing no velvety line, by the spots on the lip, and by acute setiferous angles of the pollinia. The sepals and petals are very much narrower than in Warner’s figure. Hook, f Stems tufted, not bulbous ; leaves 2-ranked, long, linear, 18 in., by I in., striated, over-lapping alternately at the base. Scape short erect about 3-fld. ; flowers large, handsome, ivory-white. Sepals and petals ovate, pointed, nearly equal. Lip 3-lobed, very broad, square retuse, wavy at the edges ; all these beautifully streaked with Roman red, bright yellow in the centre. Deliciously fragrant. A lovely plant, but too near to C. eburneum. Parish. Shan Border, on trees, 1859 ; Tenasserim, on Nat-toung, alt. 5,000 ft. Parish. Syn. — C. Pariskii^ Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144; Xen. Orchid, iii. 55, t. 224 (very bad); in Gard. Chron. 1874, i. 338, 566; 1878, ii. 74 ; Warner Orchid Alb. t. 25 ; C. P. 56. 228 The Orchids of Burma. 0. Blegans, Lindl. Sert. Orch. t. 14, See Cyperorchis Elegans, 3 . 0. giganteum, Wall. Cat. 7355. Leaves i — 2 ft. by 2/3—11^ in., elongate lanceolate acuminate, scape very robust 6— 12-fld., decurved or suberect, flowers 2—2^ in. diam., sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate acute, green streaked with red, lip yellow blotched with purple pubescent and ciliate all over, midlobe large orbicular waved. Hoohf. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 12. Non-Burman. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 163 ; Sert. Orchid, t. 4 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4844 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot. 241, and FI. Gard. ii. 14, f. 143 (flower); Warner Orchid. Alb. vi. t. 284 ; GrilT. Notul. iii. 341 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 626. Syn. — Iridiorchis gigantea, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. 91, t. 26. Limodorum longifolium^ Ic. Hamilt. (fid. Lindl.). Var. }Loivianay Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1887, i, 684. Leaves 2 — 3 ft. by — yi in. finely acuminate, side lobes of lip pale yellow green, midlobe dark purple with golden margins. Perhaps a distinct species ; the leaves are more like those of C. longifoliunu The racemes attain 5 ft. in length ; the very numerous flowers vary in colour and the lip in breadth. Hook, f. A very distinct and beautiful variety, producing long drooping racemes of from 18 — 20 flowers, which are about 4 in. across ; the sepals and petals yellowish green with several faint sepia brown lines, and the lip cream colour, with large erect side lobes yellow, and having on the anterior part a large velvety maroon blotch margined with yellow. It flowers in Feb. and March. Williams, Presumably collected in Upper Burma by Boxall, and sent to Mr. Low. I had a plant from the same quarter, which I at first took to be C. giganteum till I saw the flowers. Parish, Burma, Boxall {Hort, Low). Fort Stedman, R, Moore, Syn. — C, Lowianum^ Rchb. f. in. Gard. Chron, N. S.^ xi. 404. f. 56 ; Floral Mag. N. S. t, 353 ; Berlin Gartenz. 1885, t. 73 ; Orchid- oph. 1882, 321 ; 1885, 145 ; Reichenbachia 2nd. Ser. ii. t. 53 ; War- ner Sel. Orch. iii. 31 ; Veitch Man. Orchid, ix. p. 19; Orchid. Alb. X. t. 471. The Orchids of Burma. 229 0. Lowianum, see C. giganteum^ var. Lowiana. 0. Parishiii see C. ebumeum^ var. ParishiL 4. 0. tigrinum, Parish in Bot, Mag. t. 5457 ; C. P. 144. Leaves short-petioled very coriaceous, scape with raceme longer than the leaves few-fld., bracts lanceolate shorter than the ovary, flower long-pedicelled, lip with 2 glabrous ridges on the disk between the side lobes. Pseudobulbs i — i in., turgidly ovoid, top contracted. Leaves 3 — 5 in., recurved, petiole rarely i in. Scape suberect, with the raceme 6 — 8 3 -“S 5 sheaths few ; bracts small, ovate-lanceolate ; pedicel with ovary i — i in. ; flowers 2 — 2j4 in. diam. ; sepals linear, subacute, dull yellow-green ; petals subsimilar ; lip narrowed at the base, white spot- ted with red, side lobes rounded erect, midlobe oblong, tip rounded api- culate \ anther smooth \ pollinia 3 angular, gland broadly triangularly obtuse above, sides acute. Hook.f, FI, Brit, Ind. vi. 9 — 10. It is found growing on rocky hills in the crevices of the rocks. It is a plant of easy culture, and bears very large flowers in comparison with the size of the pseudobulbs. Many of the Cymbidiums are gross in habit, and only suited to large collections. In C. tigrinum we have a plant suitable for every collection, compact in habit, taking up very little room, and lasting a long time in flower. Berkeley in Card. Chron. 1887. Tenasserim, on Moolee-it, alt. 6,000 ft. Parish. Burma, on the Siam frontier, Berkeley. An interesting peculiarity of this species is the dimorphism of its flowers, observed by me on a large number of plants, on the top of Moolee-it, where it is abundant at about 6,000 ft. There are two kinds of flowers on the same stem. Out of about six flowers, the terminal ones are different. They are of a rich red colour throughout, ^nd rather blotched than striped, and their structure is im- perfect. The column is quite abnormal, being unusually thickened, and less curved. There is no anther at all, and there are no pollen-masses ; but the edges of the column at the top are turned inwards so as to form a sort of hood, and underneath these edges is a small quantity of a 230 The Orchids of Burma. yellow waxy substance (pollen) in an amorphous state. And, occasion- ally, the intermediate flowers are intermediate also in condition, having no anther, but perfect pollen-masses, though without any triangular gland. Parish. Some of the Catasetums and Cynoches bear two distinct types of flowers on the same spike, but, the differing flowers represent male and female sex. In Renanthera Lowii (Vanda Zowii) there is the same peculiarity, but on the authority of Mr. F. Boyle, the microscope has not yet discovered any sort of reason for. such eccentricity in this plant. The dimorphism of C. tigrinum is not mentioned by Hooker. B. G. 6. 0. Traceyanum, Hort. A very distinct and beautiful novelty, intermediate between C. Hooherianum and C. giganteum. It was first flowered by Mr. A. H. Tracey of Twickenham. Flowers about 5 in. diam., sepals and petals yellowish-green, spotted longitudinally with crimson, front lobe cream- cold. spotted with crimson. Burma. Williams. Journ. of Hort. 1890, xxi. p. 535, f. 71 ; Card. Chron. 3rd. Ser., 1891, ix. p. 137, f, 34. KEY TO SPECIES. Cymbidium,* Swartz. Epiphytes, rarely terrestrial ; stem very short, rarely elongate and pseudobulbous ; roots tufted. Leaves very long, narrow and coriaceous, rarely short. Scape loosely sheathed ; flowers often large in suberect or drooping racemes. Sepals and subequal petals free, erect or spreading. lip sessile at the base of the column and embracing it upwards, base concave, side lobes erect, midlobe recurved ; disk with usually ^2 pubes- cent median ridges. Column long, foot O ; anther i- or imperfectly 2-celled \ pollinia 2 deeply grooved or 4, subglobose or pyramidal, sessile on the broad strap or gland. * See Appendix A, Genus 40. The Orchids of Burma. 231 * Leaves rudimentary or O at flowering time. No Burraan species. * * Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. No. 4, C. tigrinum. * * * Leaves loriform, very long, tip broadly unequally 2-lobed. No. I, C. aloifolium, * * * * Leaves linear or elongate linear-lanceolate acute or acumi- nate. t Bracts very small. No. 2, C. eburneumVdx. Parishii ; No. 3, C. giganteum Wav, Zoiviana. t t Bracts large^ lanceolate or cymbiform. No Burmese species. G7PER0RCHIS « Blume. Habit foliage and inflorescence of Cymbidium^ but racemes dense- fld., perianth segments narrow and connivent below the middle or higher, lip nearly straight, erect, epichile small and very much shorter than the elongate hypochile, and pollinia usually pyriform on a short subqua- drate gland. Except by the narrow lip, long hypochile, and small usually orbicu- lar epichile (or midlobe), it is not easy to separate this genus from Cymbidium^ for the pollinia vary much in form in both genera, and Cyper. Masterii resembles very much Cymb. eburneum. Hook. f. 1. Cyperorchis cochleare, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 318. Raceme elongate, sepals and petals very narrow, flowers 2 in. long, greenish brown, lip glabrous, median ridge strong 2.fid or spathulate at the tip vanishing downwards, column very slender glabrous, pollen- masses pyriform, capsule in. long. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. * See Appendix A, Genus 41. 30 232 The Orchids of Burma. Leaves 2—3 ft. by in. Scape 12— -18 in., lax; sepals and revolute petals brownish green ; lip yellow speckled with red, midlobe sUborbicular, golden-yellow. Hook.f. in FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 15. Syn . — Cymbidium cochleare^ Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 28, 178. 2 . 0. elegans, Blume Rumph. iv. t. 47 ; Orch. Archip, Ind. 93. t. 48 C. A very rare and curious species producing many-fld. nodding racemes of pale tawny-yellow blooms, which have the peculiarity of remaining half closed. It is one of the bulbless group, with linear-ensiforia leaves and cylindraceous flowers, which are spotted inside the lip with blood red. Flowers in the autumn. Williams. Not given as Burmese by Hooker. Bot. Mag. t. 7007 ; FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 14. Syn, — Cymbidium eleganSy Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7345 ; Gen. & Sp. 163 ; Sert. Orchid, t. 14; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 28; Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1875, i. 492. C densiflorumy Griff. Notul. iii. 338 (the Myrung plant only). THECOSTELE, Reichb. f. Sepals and petals spreading, free, the former ovate, the latter nar- row linear. Lip continuous with the column, 3-lobed, Column long, terete, incurved, 2-horned at the top. Anther 2-celled. Pollen- masses 2, deeply notched behind, attached by 2 thin clastic stipates to a broad rounded gland. Pseudobulbous ; leaf single, terminating the bulb. Scape many-fld. radical. Parish. 1. T. Zollingeri, Rchb. f. in Bonpland. v. 37 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. i 33 » 147 - • Bulbs aggregate, ovate, somewhat flattened, ribbed, each one terminate by a broadly ovate solitary leaf which is 5 in. by 2. The bulbs are yellowish, the leaves dark green. Scape drooping, 6—7 in. long, scaly towards the base. Flowers numerous, |^in, across, The Orchids of Burma. 233 spotted with red on a yellowish ground. Lip with 2 small rounded lateral lobes* and an elongated obovate midlobe, which is hairy in the middle and retuse, it has the centre of a rounded end depressed, colour red, with pale yellow margin. Column remarkable, retreating at the base, then arched foreward like a swan’s nee^^gnd it has 2 horn-like appendages. On trees in the neighbourhood of Moulmein. Flowers during the rains. Parish, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 19. Syn. — T, alata^ Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 135. (? 144, t. 29.) ; C. P. 47* Cymbidium alatum^ Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 459. KEY TO SPECIES. Thecostele,# Reichb. f. Epiphytes, pseudobulbous. Leaf i, shortly petioled. Scape basal slender ; flowers racemed. Sepals subequal, broad. Petals much nar- rower. Lip connate with the foot of the column, 3-lobed ; base with the foot forming a ventricose tube perforate in front ; side lobes small, erect ; midlobe entire or 3-lobulate, velvety. Column slender, arched, with incurved apical wings ; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 2, subglobose, se- parately stipitate on a scale-like gland. BROMHEADIA,t Lindl. Terrestrial, erect, rigid leafy herbs, pseudobulb O. Leaves distant. Flowers in terminal simple or branched rigid racemes or panicles ; bracts thick, imbricate, persistent. Sepals and petals subequal, narrow, widely . spreading. Lip adnate to the base of and embracing the column, erect. * See Appendix A, Genus 45. t See Appendix A, Genus 46. 234 The Orchids of Burma. side lobes erect, midlobc spreading entire. Column membranou^^ broad- ly 2-winged, foot O, top hooded ; anther sub-2-celIed ; pollinia 2, ovoid, sulcate, sessile on a scale-like gland. Hooker f. 1 . B. aperioides, Par. and Rchb. f. in Otia Bot. Hamb. 1878, fasc. i. p. 44 ; C. P. 364. A small plant, 2 — 3 in. high, with distichous, rigid, hard, sharp- pointed, scimitar-shaped leaves, having very much the appearance of an Aporum for which, in the absence of flowers, it might be taken. Flowers terminal on a short scaly stalk, large for the size of the plant, i in. long. Sepals and petals linear-lanceolate, nearly equal, connivent, Lip parallel with the column, which is that of a Coelogyne^ long, curved, winged and projected beyond the anther. Pollen-masses 2, like those of Cymbidium, sessile, on a large triangular gland. Colour of flowers white, lip ex- cepted, which is 3-lobed; side lobes streaked with pink,, pointed, almost as long as the small triangular middle lobe, which has a yellow crest. Flowering time April. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. FI. Brit. Ind. vl. 20 (marked as doubtful).—" I suspect the species will prove to be generally distinct ” (from B.palustris). “ The habit is that of Dendrobium atropurpureumP Hook. f. LUISIA, Gaudichaud. Plants with elongated woody stems, long aerial roots, terete leaves and small mostly inconspicuous flowers. Pollen-masses 2, notched be- hind, united by a broad stipes to a triangular gland. Parish. 1. Luisia Amesiaaa, Rolf. This species was sent to Kew by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, in June 1891, who state that it was imported together with Vanda Kimballiana, Rchb. f. Thus its habitat must be* on the hills of the Southern Shan States, at 4,000 to s>ooo ft. elevation. Shortly afterwards it was sent by Messrs. Sanders & Co., of St. Albans, who gave its native country as " Burma.” It has since been received from The Orchids of Burma. 235 Glasnevtn. It is allied to Z. macroHs^ Rchb. f. {non-Burman\ but has flowers more than twice as large. The sepals and petals arc pale yel- lowish white, slightly suffused with purple near the apex, and having a few obscure dull purple markings on the back. The lip is suffused with purple and blotched with dark purple, the margin being light greenish yellow. The column is pale green. Southern Shan States, Burma. Km Bulletin^ No, Card. Chron. 3rd. Ser. 1893, p. 32. f. 9. 2 . L. brachystachys, Blume Rumph. iv. 50 ; Mus. Bot. i. 64. Leaves 2 — 6 in., slender, sepals and petals as in Z. teretifolia^ lip obovate- oblong nearly flat grooved hardly constricted at the base of the broadly- ovate epichile. Tenasserim ; (Ic, Parish,)^ A more slender plant than Z. teretifolia^ but perhaps a variety ; flowers of the same size, but with a very different lip, which varies a little in breadth, and in the distinctness of the hypochile from the epichile. The lip is rather thin, with usually strong parallel grooves or nerves, though sometimes it is very broad and fleshy, when the grooves are not visible (in a dried state). Column very short. Capsule — i in. — Clark describes the sepals green without, rose-purple within ; petals rose-purple with green tip and base ; lip yellow at base, black-purple for Yi of upper part, but variable. Hook,/. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 23. Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 204, t. 78. f. i ; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 3 ; C. P. 43. Syn . — Mesoclasies brachystachys^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1994; Gen. and Sp. 45. Parish gives L./lav%day Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144, which reference Hooker gives for Z. ieretifolia ^dj./lavida. L. platyglossa, Rchb. f., see Z. teretijolia, 3 . L. primulina, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 144. t. 30A. Stem short, very stout, leaves 3 — 4 in. very stout, rachis short few- The Orchids of Burma. 236 fld., sepals subequal oblong acute, petals larger obovate-spathulate obtuse, lip much longer than the lateral sepals yellow, hypochilb small short saddle-shaped, epichile large triangular-ovate obtuse, margin obscurely lobulate. Tenasserim ; Moulmein, Parish. Stem 3 — 4 in.; internodes short. Leaves^ in. diam. Flowers in. diam., pale yellow with a purple column. Described chiefly from a drawing by Parish. A drawing in Herb. Calcutta of apparently the same species (collected at Moolyet, Moulmein) has elliptic* acute sepals, a shorter cordate epichile, a larger hypochile with a purple disk and a yellow column ; its concave lateral sepals are sp*yrred at the back. There are at Herb. Kew flowers and leaf of a cultivated plant from Burma (Hort. Kew), resembling this, but with a purple lip. Hook. /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 24. C. P. 302. 4. L. Psyche, Rchb. f. in Bot. Xeit. 1863, 98 ; in Gard. Chron. 1863, 342. Stem tall and stout, leaves 3 — 5 in., stout, rachis short, flowers few, large ; petals linear-spathulate or obovate-obtuse twice as long as the obtuse concave sepals, lip broadly ovate-oblong retuse, base contracted saccate 2-auricled. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Stem I ft., internodes i in. Leaves strict, % in. diam. Sepals in. long, petals in., variable in breadth, both pale greenish yellow. Lip convex, nearly i in. .long, violet-brown, tessellated with white or yellow, auricles erect, embracing the white column. Capsule 1 — 2 in. long. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 24. Bot. Mag. t. 5558 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. t. 174; Gard. Chron, 3rd Ser. 1893, xiv. p. 35, f. ii ; C, P. 121. 6. L. Teretifolia, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. 427, t. 37. Flowers small, lateral sepals subacute keel winged, petals linear- oblong obtuse hardly longer than the sepals, hypochile subquadrate saccate, epichile broadly cordate. The Orchids of Burma. 237 Pegu and Tenasserim, Griffith^ &*c. . Stem 6 — 12 in., stout; internodes ^ in. Zeaves variable in thickness. Rachis of spike yi — in. Petals in. long. Lip equalling or rather exceeding the sepals. Column very short. Capsule — I in. Blume erred in referring Wildenow's Cymb, triste to Gaudi- chaud’s Luisia tereiifoltd; it is Luisia tristis (non-Burman). ffook, / FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 22. Blume Rumph. i. t. 194, f. 3, t. 197D ; Mus. Bot. i. 63; Lindl. Fol. Orchid. 2 (excl. in all Syn. Ep, triste). Syn. — Z. burmanica^ Lindl. 1 . c. Z. Var.yfewAi, Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 144. Flowers yellow, the hypochile purple and epichile streaked with purple. Hook, f E platyglossa, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 622 ; C. P. 44. Z. Zeylanica^ Lindl. 1 . c. Cymbidium triste. "Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 461 (not of Willd.); Bot. Mag. t. 3648; Wight Ic. v. II (text, not Ic.); Griff. Notul. iii. 340 (the Mergui plant). C. tenuifolium^ Wight. 1 . c. t. 1689 (Ic., not text). KEY TO SPECIES. Luisia,* Gaud. Tufted epiphytes ; stem terete, rigid, sheathed, pseudobulbs O. Leaves elongate, terete, obtuse. Flowers drooping, small, spicate on a short or very stout erect axillary rachis; bracts very short, thick, imbricating, persistent. S^als subequal or the decurved dorsal smaller. Petals often longer, narrower. Lip sessile on the base of the column, base flat concave or saccate. Column very short, truncate; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 2, subglobose, seated on a replicate short strap. Capsules narrow, erect. The materials at my disposal for the elucidation of this remarkable * See Appendix A, Genus 49. 238 The Orchids of Burma. genus are, though considerable, far from being sufficient. Above all, careful drawings from living plants should be obtained, when the follow- ing attempt at diagnosing the Indian species will want revision and pro^ bably correction. * Petals not much longer than the lateral sepals (most so in L.primulind). No. 5, L, teretifolia \ No. 2, Z. brachystachys ; No. 3, E. priniu^ Una. * * Petals much longer than the sepals. No. 4, Z. Psyche. Diploprora,* Hook. f. Stem slender, short. Leaves falcately lanceolate, acuminate. Scape ghort, simple, few-fld. Sepals widely spreading, keeled. Petals obovate. Lip as long as the petals, margins adnate to the sides of the column, cymbiform and sigmoidly curved, suddenly narrowed into a compressed 2-caudate tip, disk keeled. Column very short, foot O; anther a-celled, pollinia 2, globose ; strap short linear, sides recurved ; glands small. Capsule slender. Hook. f. 1 . D. Championi, Hook. f. ; Ic. PI. Ined. Stem I — 3 in., ascending. Leaves 3—4 in. by in., thin and many-nerved when dry. Scape i — 2 in., stout ; rachis flexuous; flowers few, yi in. diam., yellow ; lip with a deep longitudinal ridge within, sides streaked with red 3 column papillose. Capsule in. Very dis- tinct from Cottonia in habit, foliage, inflorescence and lip, and much nearer Phalcsnopsis^ but wants the appendages on the disk of the lip and the side lobes, and differs strikingly in habit. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 26. Tenasserim, Parish. A small plant with fleshy, ovate, pointed leaves, and a few flowers, 5 or 6, on a rigid leaf-opposed stalk, 4—5 in. long. Sepals and petals See Appendix A, Genus 50/1, The Orchids of Burma. 239 ovate, broad, nearly equal, spreading. Column short. Lip 3>lobed, connate with the base of the column lateral lobes quadrately rounded, midlobe projecting at right-angles with them and tapering to a finely forked extremity. At the back of the lip, between the lateral lobes, is a large cushion-like oval callus, and there is also a “ hump ” on the midlobe. The only other known habitat of this plant is Hong Kong. The dowers ^ in. across, dingy yellow, with a white and purple lip. Parish, Syn. — Cottonia^hampioniy Lindl. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vii.(i856) 35 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 39 ; Benth. FI. Honk. 357 ; C. P. 277. Luisia bicaudata^ Thwaites Enum. 302. Vanda bicaudata^ Thwaites 1 . c. 429. TRI0H00L0TTI8. Blume. A small genus of Vanda-like habit. Leaves long, distichous. Flower- stalks axillary or leaf opposed, few-flowered. Pollen-masses 2, stipes narrow, gland broad, peltate. Parish, A small genus of epiphytal orchids, with elongate leafy stems, dis- tichous leaves, and lateral peduncles bearing few-dowered short racemes, or sometimes solitary dowers. The group is closely allied to “ Sarco- chilus ” from which it differs mainly in not having a deshy lip. The species, of which about half a dozen are known, inhabit the Malayan Archipelago. Williams, 1. T. Dawsoniana. R. dl. in Card. Chron. 1872, p. 699, Flowers panicled pale green spotted with brown or purple, sepals and petals cuspidate on the back below the concave tip, lip saccate at the base tip 2-dd. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein. Parish, Stem I — 2 ft., stout, rooting. Leaves few 3 — 6 by 5^ — i in. Pani- ck 18 in., erect, stiff, branches spreading ; bracts broadly ovate ; pedicel 31 240 The Orchids of Burma. with ovary % in. ; flowers i — in. diam. ; anther 2-lobed, crested ; pollinia large, strap short slender. Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 43. C. P. 163 and 179. Syn. — Chisostoma Dawsoniana Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1868, KEY TO SPECIES. Trichogloti'is,* Blume. Epiphytes ; stems elongate leafy. Leaves distichous, flat, narrow. Flowers in branched panicles or solitary or few in very short racemes. Sepals and petals widely spreading oblanceolate or subspathulate. Lip adnate to the sides of the very short column, narrow, base saccate or spurred ; side lobes one or two pairs of narrow processes ; midlobe straight or decurved from the middle, hairy. Column very short, sides produced into 2 spurs or horns ; anther incompletely 2-celled ; pollinia 2, globose, strap rather short, gland moderate. In the absence of good material, 1 am doubtful as to the correctness of the above definition of Trichoglottis. Bentham refers Blumc’s T, retusa to Saccolabium ; and by replacing that author’s character of *Mip adnate to the whole length of the column with a process on each side, ” by lip adnate to the foot of the column and forming with it a long horizontal spur-like mentum, ” and omitting that of a hairy lip, he excludes the others. I am disposed to regard the hairy lipped species figured by Blume in his Bijdragen ( T. retusa^ 360, f. viii) as the type of the genus. That this is Kurz’s and Reichenbach’s view appears from the plants they have referred to it. In this case Trichoglottis is referable to the group with no foot to the column. There are amongst ScortechinCs drawings of Perak orchids, one or two that are referable to this genus, but the analyses are insufficient. PHAL£NOPSIS. Blume. The known species are all compact handsome plants, without pseudobulbs, but emitting stout fleshy roots from the crown, and also ♦ See Appendix A, Genus 57. The Orchids of Burma. 241 producing very thick distichous leaves, from the axils of which the scapes arise. The flowers are showy, with spreading sepals, much broader petals, contracted at the base and continuous with the column, the disk and base of the lamina variously appendiculate. The dowers are freely produced and last a long time. There are two sections — Euphalaenop- x/j,” in which the petals are much broader than the sepals, and the apex of the lip is emarginate or divided into 2 divaricate or cirrhiferous lobes; and ^ Stamoglottis'^ in which the sepals and petals are similar, and the tip of the lip entire. Tlie species number over 2 dozen and are found in the Malay Archipelago, and in the eastern provinces of India. They require a certain amount of care in their treatment and plenty of water at the roots when growing, f from March to October. They should be shaded from the direct rays of the sun. They succeed well, grown either on blocks, in pots, or in baskets, good drain- age being essential. These plants are difficult to propagate as they supply few oppor- tunities for division. Sometimes some species will produce young plants on the old dower-stems, or upon the roots ; when this happens they should be left on until well rooted, and then placed on small blocks. Williams. Sepals and petals spreading, free. Lip connate with the slightly produced base of the column, free, bilobed, attached by a strap-shaped stipes to a heart-shaped gland. Stemless epiphytes, generally with 2 — 3, sometimes 4 leaves, which are large, broad and fleshy. Flowers-stem from the short axis of the plant, i or more. Flowers large and showy. Parish. Phalmnopsis antennifera— see P. Esmeralda. \ 1 * P. cornu-cervi, Par. and Rchb. f. in Hamb. Gartenz. i860, 116; C. P. 54 . A very pretty bulbless orchid, not showy, but blooms very freely when vigorous. The leaves are distichous, leathery, cuneate-oblong 8 in. or more in length and of a bright green colour. The peduncles are lateral erect, clavate, flattened out towards the apex, where from 6 — 12 242 The Orchids of Burma. flowers are produced in succession ; the dorsal sepal is narrow lanceo- late, the lateral ones slightly falcate, the former greenish-yellow cross- barred with reddish brown, and having a wider blotch at the. base ; the latter with the outer halves only barred with brown ; the petals are some- what smaller, greenish yellow, with crossbars of brown ; the lip is whitish clawed, and hollowed out on the disk, and incurved tripartite ; the lateral divisions bluntly oblong, the intermediate ones crescent-shaped and apiculate. Moulmein. Williams. Scape 6 — lo in., flowers 2 in. diam. yellow-green barred with brown. Leaves 3 — 8 in., oblanceolate. Scape stout, simple or branched ; rachis 3 — 5 in., bracts 1/4 in., oblong tip rounded ; sepals oblong lanceolate ; petals shorter ; lip subsessile, side lobes oblong, middle ovate acute with a short falcate wing on each side of the tip ; disk with a broad 2-awned plate at the base, and a flattened sword-shaped compressed spur in front of it. Habit of a “ Sarcochilus. ” Hook /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 29. Tenasserim, at Moulmein, Lobb. Parish. Rolfe in Card. Chron. i886, ii. 276 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. Orch. PI. t. 178 ; Kuhl. and Hasselt, Gen. and Sp. Orch. t. i. Syn.— Polyckilus comu-cervi^ Breda Orch. Jav. t. i ; Bot. Mag. 5570. 2 . P. Esmeralda, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1774, ii. 582. Lateral sepals orbicular-ovate, petals broadly ovate, claw of lip long geniculate with two narrow recurved auricles, side lobes broadly falcately obovate, midlobe oblong. Burma, Hort. Low. Leaves 4 — 6 in. Scape 1—2 ft., simple or branched, slender ; rachis elongate ; flowers i in. diam., amethystine ; side lobes of lip erect, appressed, red purple ; disk with a 2-awned callus in front of the auricles, and a raised thickened fleshy ridge from the base of the side lobes to the tip of the midlobe. Hook./. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 31. ^ Rev. Horde. 1877, t. 107 ; Warner Orch. Alb. vii. t. 21 ; Floral Mag. N. S. t. 358 ; Rolfe in Card. Chron. 1886. ii. 276; Orchidoph. 1881 t. 9 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7196. Floral Mag. 2nd Ser. t, 358; Lindenia vi. t. 263 (Var. candidula). The Orchids of Burma. 243. Syn. — P. antennifera^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1878, 398 ; 1882, 520; Rolfe 1 . c. 1886, II. 276. In P. antennifera the flowers grow on scapes upwards of 2 ft. long ; sepals and petals light rose-coloured, the tips of the sepals brick red outside, unguiculate lip 3-fid, the side laciniae and basilar antennae deep orange striped with red, and the anterior lobe amethyst. Blooms In September and October. Williams. P. Regnieriana^ Williams Man. 3. P. Lowii, Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 214 ; in Gard. Chron. 1862, 979 \ Xen. Orch. ii. t. 151. This charming species forms a tuft of a few oblong acute fleshy bright green leaves, from the base of which very stout fibrous roots are produced, as well as the slender lateral 4 — 5-fld. purplish scape. Flowers about i^ in. diam. with ovate acute dorsal and oblong lateral sepals, broad roundish cuneate petals, and a small 3-lobed lip about as long as the lateral sepals, the side lobes of which are linear and reflexed, and the intermediate one oblong ascending, rich violet- purple, the bases of the w'hite sepals and petals flushed with pale purple, as are the lateral lobes of the lip and the. long proboscis-like rostellum on the tip of the column. Though a small plant it produces a good spike of flowers. It grows on bare rocks exposed to the full influence of the sun, where in the rainy season it is deluged with water. It loses its leaves in the resting season and blooms in summer. Williams, This plant loses all its leaves in its native habitat directly after flow- ering. It grows on limestone Tocks, and on the branches of small bushes growing in the crevices of the rocks. The ranges of limestone hills on which it is found, rise suddenly out of the delta of the rivers Gyne, Ataran, and Salween, Tenasserim, Burma. The country sur- rounding these hills is under ivater the greater part of the year, and the rainfall is excessive. The roots cease to grow, but are kept plump by the heavy dews which fall at night. The resting season is short, as showers fall in March, when the plant at once begins to put forth fresh leaves. Berkeley in Gard. Chron. 1887. ii. p. 745, f. 146. 244 The Orchids of Burma. Petals fan-shaped very much larger than the oblong sepals, rostel- lum much longer than the column. Leaves 3 — 5 in., ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acute. Scape with'lax- fld raceme 10 — 24 in., slender, simple or branched ; flowers \}i—2 in. diam., sepals white, dorsal largest and broadest ; petals flushed with violet towards the base ; lip sessile, as long as the lateral sepals, narrowly ob- long, side lobes small, uncinately recurved yellow, midlobe obcuneately oblong truncate and crenate at the tip purple ; disk keeled and furnish- ed with a transverse forked plicate callus at the base of the side lobes in front, and with some soft spines behind ; column and rostellum pale purple. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind, vi. 30. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish, Bot. Mag. t. 5351 ; FI. des Serres, t. 1910 ; Warner Sel. Orch. Ser. 2, t. 15 ; Rolfe in Card. Chron, 1886, ii. 276 ; Lindenia vi. t. 272 ; Veitch Man. Orchid, vii. 29 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. Orch. PI. t. 168 ; C P. 125. Syn — P, prohoscidioides^ Williams Orchid. Man. 4. P. Parishii, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1865, 410 ; 1871, 802 ; Xen. Orch. i. 144, t. 156, f. i. A lovely little plant with thick fleshy roots, distichous tufts of ob- long-lanceolate acute deep green leathery leaves from 2 — 4 in. long, and short 6 — lo-fld. racemes, the flowers less than an inch in diam., but with their parts well spread out. The sepals are oblong-ovate, the petals ovate-spathulate, both white, and the lip has the lateral lobes small, horn like, yellow with purple blotches, and the front lobe broadly triangular spread out, and of a rich deep amethyst purple ; the disk has a semi- lunar callus the edge of which is broken up into a fimbriate crest, and behind this is a projecting linear appendage divided into slender fila- ments almost as long as the lobe itself. The strong contrast of colour in the rather crowded flowers render the plant very beautiful when in bloom, which occurs during the summer season. Burma. Parish. This plant, a native of Moulmein, loses its leaves during the dry weather, in moist localities. If the rains set in late, before the leaves get a fair start, it is not unusual to see the plant in flower before the The Orchids of Burma. ^45 leaves develope. It is generally found on boughs of trees covered with moss, where it is subject to great heat and moisture during the growing season. In cultivation, it will retain its leaves throughout the winter if the moss at the roots is kept slightly damp (not wet) during the resting season. Berkeley^ in Card. Chron. 1887. Flowers small, lateral sepals subrotund, lip short sessile, side lobes small falcate, midlobe much broader shortly stipitate reniformly cordate. Leaves 3 — 5 in., linear or obovate-oblong. Scape 3 — 4 in., 6—8 fld. ; flowers in. diam. ; sepals and obovate petals cream coloured ; lip mobile,* purple-brown ; disk with a narrow pawned appendage at the base overlapping a much broader ciliate lamina ; rostellum 3-partite. Hook,f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 31. Tenasserim, Lobb. Eastern Himalaya, Lobb. Mann. Cachar, Keenan. Bot. Mag. t. 5815 j Rolfe. in Gard. Chron. 1886. ii. 276 \ C. P. no. Var. Lobbii. Rchb. f. in Saunders Refug. Bot. t. 85. Has a white lip with two chestnut bands. Hook./. 1 . c. 5. P. speciosa, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1881. i. 562 ; 1882 ii, 744. fig. 130— 132. It has large yellowish-green cuneate-oblong obtusely-acute leaves, and racemes or panicles of elegant stellate flowers, which are very freely produced. The sepals and petals are whitish-rose outside with rows of purple blotches, purple inside with a few white bars at the base of the petals, the side lobes of the lip yellow, white at the top and base, the midlobe white and rosy-purple, or wholly purple, with a tuft of hairs at the apex. This species seems to vary a good deal, some of the varieties having the blossoms much blotched and showing very little white. Williams. This plant does not grow in the mangrove swamps, but on large trees, fully e^^posed to the air \ this will probably account for its being more robust. It can in cultivation stand a great deal more light than P. lelraspiSf probably as much as any of the other Phalanopsis. Berkeley in Gard. Chron. 1887. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate acute, petals similar but smaller, lip sessile. 246 The Orchids of Burma. side lobes small linear-oblong truncate toothed, midlobe laterally com- pressed fleshy, tip dilated mallet-like papillose. Leaves 8 — 12 in., ob ovate-oblong or lanceolate. Scape tall, simple- or branched; flowers 2 in. diam., scattered, white or rosy with darker blotches ; lip with a forked callus ; column long, tip toothed, foot very short ; pollinia oblong. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 30. Andaman Islands. Berkeley, Warner Orch. Alb. t. 158; Card. Chron. 1882, ii. 745, f. 130 — 132; 1886, ii, 277, fig. $6 — 58; Reichenbachia, ii. t. 57; Rolfe. in Gard. Chron. 1886, ii. 277 ; Lindenia, vi. t. 288; Veitch. Man. Orchid. PI. vii. p. 38. Var. Christiana Rchb. f. has rose-madder sepals and while petals. Hook,/, Fig. Gard, Chron. N. S. 1886, xxvi. p. 277, f. 57. V^i, purpurata^ Rchb. f. has rose-purple flowers. Hook,/ Var. Imperatrix^ Rchb. f. This variety is said to have larger flowers than the type, of a deep rosy-purple colour. Williams. Perhaps purpurata ? G. 6. P. tetraspis^ Rchb. f. Xen. Orch. ii. 146; in Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. 562, 656. Flowers as in P, Spedosa, but waxy white with 2 2-awned basal calli on the hairy disk. Leaves 12 by 2 — 4 in. cuneately obovate. Scape tall, stout, branched. I have seen no flower of this. Hook./, in FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 30 - The flowers are said to have a fine perfume. Williams, This plant grows in mangrove and other trees, in very muddy swamps ; it is never found growing under any other conditions ; it is only found on trees at the extreme end of the creeks, where the water is sweet ; the plant is found hanging from the branches a few feet above the water ; here it grows with the most extraordinary luxuriance ; it may be said to grow in a continual vapour bath, and as the swamps The Orchids of Burma. 247 have a very obnoxious smell it is no doubt supplied with many chemical compositions which enhance its growth, BerJ^/ey in Card. Chron. 1887. Andaman Islands, Col Man. Rolfe in Card. Chron. 1886, ii. 277. Bot. Mag. t, 7321. P. Wightii, see Doritis WightiL KEY TO SPECIES. PHALiENOPSIs/ Blume. Epiphytes, stem short, leafy ; pseudobulb O. Leaves distichous coriaceous. Scape lateral; flowers usually large, loosely racemed. Sepals widely spreading. Petals narrower or broader. Lip clawed or sessile, adnate to the base or the foot of the column, side lobes erect, midlobe various, spur O ; disk variously appendaged, with usually a forked plate or callus. Column suberect, foot long short or O ; anther 2-celled ; pollinia 2, sulcate or 2-partite, strap linear or spathulate, gland large or small. The genus requires revision, and a careful examination of the lip, which is very imperfectly figured and described by the authors who have had access to living specimens. * Lateral sepals inserted by a narrow base to the base or very short foot of the column. t Rachis of raceme compressed ; bracts fleshy^ distichous. No. 7. P. cornucervi. t t Reschis of raceme terete. No. 3, P. Lowii ; No. 5, P. speciosa / No. 6, P. tetraspis. * * Lateral sepals inserted by a broad base on the elongate foot of the column. No, 2, P. esmeralda ; No. 4, P. Parishii. * See Appendix A, Genus 53. 32 248 The Orchids of Burma. DOBITIS,* Lindley. Characters of Phalasnopsis and having the same 2-awned plate on the disk of the lip, but the column is narrowly winged, its foot longer forming a spur-like mentum with the side lobes of the lip. Hook. f. 1. D. tsenealis, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 574. Scape short few-fld., mentum acute, side lobes of lip very narrow, spathulate reflexed on the disk, tips of the forked appendage of the lip hooked. Burma. Roots I — 3 ft., flat, ^ to ^ in. broad, forming large tortuous tufts. Leaves few, 3 — 5 in., obovate -oblong, obtuse or subacute, narrow- ed to the sessile base, soft when dry. Scape 1 — 2 in. ; bracts small broad ; flowers yi in., diam., mauve purple ; midlobe of lip dark red or purple. in., fusiform. Hook./, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 32. Syn. — jErides taniale^ Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 239 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41. carnosuniy Griff. Notul. iii. 363 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 338A. 2. D.Wightii, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 574. Scape elongate simple or branched, sidelobes of spreading lip broad cuneate-obovate, midlobe obcordate. Burma ; Moulmein, Parish^ Mongong, Griffith, Habit of D, tanialis, but leaves rather larger, scape much longer, and lip very different. Hook.f, FI, Brit. Ind. vi, 32. Syn. — Phatcenopsis IVightii, Rchb. inBot. Zeit. 1862, 214 ; C. P. 175. jErides latifolium^ Thwaites Enum. 430. VANDA. R. Brown. This genus contains some of the most magnificent orchids of which the Eastern Hemisphere can boast. Not a few are of very large size. * See Appendix A, Genus 54. The Orchids of Burma. 249 They are all epiphytal, and have distichous leaves, which are often thick and leathery, and more or less strap-shaped. The flowers are borne in lateral, erect or pendulous racemes. The sepals and petals are wide- spreading and resemble each other. The lip is saccate or spurred, and fleshy, entire, or 3-lobed, continuous with the base of the column. Column short, thick. Pollen-masses 2, bilobed, attached by a more or less wedge-shaped stipes to a larger roundish or subtriangular gland. Vanda, according to Sir William Jones, is the Hindoo name for V. Roxburghii, the original species. Parish, They require the same treatment as brides, except that they re- quire but little shade. Propagation is effected by taking off the young growths which spring from near the base of the stem, or by cutting the stem as directed in the case of yErides, Williams, 1. V. Amesiana, Rchb. f. First imported with a quantity of other orchids from India. It is a dwarf-growing evergreen and free-flowering species, producing distichous ligulate acute deep green leaves ; the scape is erect carrying numerous delicately coloured and very fragrant flowers ; sepals and petals nearly equal, flat and spreading, white suffused with a delicate blush ; lip deep rose, margined with pale rose. It was dedicated to the late Hon. F. L. Ames, of North Easton, U. S. A. The flowers which are produced in May and June, last several weeks in beauty. Shan States. Williams. Orchid Alb. vi. t. 296 ; Bot, Mag. t. 7139 ; Journ. of Hort. 1889. xviii. p. 103, f. 18. Var. Alba. Hort. Has pure white flowers, Williams. 2. Bensoni, Batem. in Bot. Mag. t. 5611. Flowers about 2 in. in diam., white on the outside, the sepals and the smaller petals obovate, obtuse, yellowish green, dotted, not tessella- ted, with reddish brown on the inside, and the lip ovate in front, is con- vex, trilamellate on the disk, pink, with a kidney-shaped bi-fid violet-cold, apex, the small basal auricles and conical spur white. Williams. 250 The Orchids of Burma. Leaves narrow, peduncle tall inclined many-fld., flowers i^— a in. diam., sepals and petals dull yellowgreen spotted with red-brown, lateral sepals broadly obovate, petals spathulately obovate, lip nearly as long as the sepals, blue, side lobes triangular-ovate, much sitialler than the pan- duriform midlobe which has a broad recurved tendipal lobes. Stm short. Leaves 4—6 in. obliquely trunca^and toothed. Hd- with the raceme 18 in. ; midlobe of lip with ^<ibtuse ridges ; spur conical obtuse. Very near V. Denisoniana, but fleers ntuch smaller, quite different in colour, not so waved, midlobe of lip more contracted, the terminal lobes uncinate. A form with brown flowers figured by Parish and called trisHs, it may be this or V. brunnea ; q. v. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 51. Pegu : near Rangoon, A»sa». Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, LitnsA. Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 138; Card. Chron. 1867, 180; FI. des Serres, t. 2329 ; Batera. and. Cent. Orchid. PI. t. 192 ; C. P. 204. S. V. brunnea, Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 139. Leaves long narrowly ligulate eraarginate, flowers as large as in r. coneolor (of China) olive within, sepals and petals cuncately oblong obtusely acute, lip and column pale yellowish white, side Idbes semi-ro- tund, midlobe ligulate 2-lobed retuse, spur acutely conical. Moulmein, Parish. There is a drawing at Kew by Parish of what may be this species named V. tristis, Par. MSS., the perianth is brown on both surfaces, the lip and column pale brown. (See V. Bensoni.) Hook. / FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 54. (Among species unknown to him.) 4. V. coemlea, Griff, ex. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, sub t to • Fol. Orchid. 8. . The erect scapes are much longer than the leaves, and bear dense racemes of 10—15 flowers, or more, the flowers 5 in. acK)S.s, with the membranaceous sepals and petals flat oblong blunt, and shortly stalked of a beautiful pallid blue, and the small lip linear-oblong leathery, deep blue, the point blunt with 2 diverging lobes ; the spur is short and blunt The Orchids of Burma. 251 and the disk bears 3 lamellse. The flowers are produced during the autumn months, and last six weeks in perfection. Williams. Peduncle elongate many-fld., flowers 3 — 4 in. diam. pale blue, late- ral sepals obovate, petals clawed broadly obovate, lip much shorter than the sepals dark blue linear-oblong, side lobes small rounded, midlobe with 2 thickened ridges ending in a bi-gihbous tip. Stem 3 — 6 in., very stout. Leaves 3 — 10 by ^ — i in., keeled, 2-lcb- ed or tip obliquely truncate and toothed. Peduncle with lax-fid. 6 — 20- fld. raceme i — 2 ft., perianth segments somewhat waved and obscurely tessellate ; lip not ^ the length of the sepals ; spur conical obtuse. Cap- sule 3 in., fusiform, long pedicelled. Hook. J. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 51. Khasia and Jyntea Mts., on Oaks, alt. 4000 ft. Griffith^ Burma, Rangoon Agri-Hortic. Society's Collectors. Paxt. FI. Card. t. 36 ; Jard. Fleurist. t. 102 ; FI. des Serres. t. 609 ; Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 8, t. 5 ; Pescatorea, i. t. 29 ; 111 . Hortic. vii. t. 246 i Warner Sel. Orchid, t. 18 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 34 ; Reichenbachia ii. 19, t. 57 ; Lindenia, iv. t. 160; Moore, 111 . Orch. PI. (Vanda), t. 2 ; Puydt, Les Orchid, t. 45 ; UHort. Franc. 1862, t. i ; UOrchidophile, 1890, p. 369 ; Gartenfl. 1890, t. 1332 ; Rev. Hort. Belg. 1891, p. 165, t. 21 j Veitch Man. Orchid. PI. vii. p. 91 \ Orchid Alb. vi. t. 282. Syn. — V. coerulescens^ Journ. Hort. Soc. vi., Proc. vii. with fig. Vanda, Griff. Itin. Notes, 88, No. 1284. 6. V. coerulescens. Griff. Not. iii. 352 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 331. Raceme drooping, flowers 1 — 1 in. diam., sepals obovate and spath- ulate, petals pale blue, lip rather shorter than the sepals, midlobe cu- neate-obovate with a dilated truncate 2-lobed tip, disk with fleshy dark blue ridges, spur slender conical half as long as the lip. Upper Burma, Griffith^ Pegu \ on hills near Prome, alt. 1500 ft. Benson. Stem 6 in. Leaves 6 — 10 by ^ in., much broader in cultivation, acutely 2-fid or 3-fid. Peduncle with racemes i ft. or less ; pedicel with ovary i — i in.; flowers variable in colour, from blue to nearly white (Vars. Boxallii R. f. and Louriana^ R. f.) ; spur and column blue. Hook /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 50. 252 The Orchids of Burma. The scapes are slender, axillary, erect, bearing from ten to twenty flowers. Blooms in March and April lasting a long time in perfection. Williams, I^indl. Fol. Orchid. 9 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 868 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5834 and 6328 ; Warn. Orchid. Alb. t. 48 ; Floral Mag. N. S. t. 256 ; Orchidoph. 1863, t. 657 ; Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1869, 498; .1870, 529, f. 96; C. P. 335. Var. Boxallii^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1877, 749. A curious and charming form in which the leaves are rigidly disti- chous, strongly keeled, obliquely erose at the apex, and the flowers form a rather close raceme on a comparatively short scape. The flowers are white and blue, and very effective, the obtuse and retuse sepals and petals being white with a tinge of lilac, and the lip with its dilated front lobe deep violet bordered with white ; the disk bears some smooth longitudinal ridges, with dark blue stripes alternating with white ones. Williams, Fig. Bot. Mag. t. 6328 ; C. P. 372. 6. V. Denisoniana, Benson and Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1869 (? 1868 >,528; 1885, 105, f. 21. A very chaste and desirable species, the first white Vanda which has yet been discovered. In its habit of growth it much resembles V, Bensonis but the folliage is longer and broader. The racemes are axillary, 5— 6-fld., on stout ascending peduncles, while the flowers themselves are medium sized, thick and fleshy, the oblong spathulate dorsal sepal, and the broadly ovate lateral ones, as well as the spathulate petals, being white slightly tinged with green, the lip being also white, pandurate, the apex bilobed, with the lobes divaricate like the tip of a blackcock's tail, the base with 2 subquadrate auricles ; spur short and conical, Williams, Peduncle very short, flowers 2 in. diam., white, sepals and petals waved and twisted, lateral sepals largest broadly obovate falcate deflexed, petals clawed spathulate, lip longer than the sepals, side lobes large The Orchids of Burma. 253 subquadrate, midlobe panduriform with two orbicular diverging and recurved terminal lobes. Stem short Leaves 6 — lo in., deeply unequally 2-lobed. Peduncle stout, with raceme 6 — lo in.; pedicels with ovary 2 in.; midlobe of lip with rounded sides, and a very acute terminal sinus ; disk with 5 thick obtuse ridges ; side lobes concave, with orange streaks ; spur short, villous within. Capsule 3 — 5 in., clavately fusiform. Hook,/, FI. Brit, Ind. vi. 51. Arracan, Benson, V, Denisoniana I have found on Ta-ok, but I do not know where Col. Benson found it. Parish, Bot. Mag. t. 5811; 111 . Hort. N. S. t. 105; Lindcnia, t. 21; Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 248 C. P. 294. Van hebraictty Rchb. f. A new variety in which the sepals and petals are sulphur-cold, on both sides, where they are covered with numerous spots and transverse short bars, somewhat resembling Hebrew characters ; spur orange in- side ; anterior part of the blade of the lip olive green. Flowers in July. Burma. Williams, Fig. Orchid Alb. vi. t. 284. 7 . V. densiflora, Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card. sub. t. 42 ; Fol. Orchid. 2. Leaves truncately excised, lip cuneate, tip shortly obtusely 3-lobed, base with 2 pubescent ridges descending into the spur. Pegu ; at Prome, Wallich, Rangoon, Benson, Stem short, as thick as a child’s wrist ; roots — % in. diam. Leaves imbricating at the base, 6 — 12 by i ^ — 2 in., very thick, channel- led, lobes acute. Peduncle very short, stout ; raceme 8—14 in., cylin- dric, very dense-fld.; flowers i — in. diam., white with a few purple spots at the base of the petals ; lip fleshy, white with bright purple shining terminal lobes; spur short, inflated, pointing backwards. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 53. FI. des Serres, t. 1765 ; Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1866, 1194. gvN. — Saccolabium giganteuniy Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7306 ; Gen. and 254 The Orchids of Burma. Sp. 221 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5635 ; Rcichenbachia t. 22 ; Jennings Orchid, t. 8 ; Lindenia f. 683; Orchdoph. 1888, t. 163 ; Warner Orchid. Alb. ii. t. 56 ; Veitch Man. Orchid vii. p. 114 ; C. P. 83. A species not to be confounded with any other when once seen. I-.eaves very broad, 2 — 3 in., fleshy, streaked, i ft. or more long, un- equally bilobed. Stem simple or branched, short and stout, sending out thick fleshy roots. Flowers in dense drooping racemes, very numer- ous, moderately sized, white with a purple lip, and a few lilac spots on the petals. The lip is flat, turned upwards, and has 3 lobe-like divisions at the end. It rectuires much room and is of extremely slow growth. Abundant about 'Foungoo and elsewhere in the north of Burma, but not found, I believe, in the Tenasserim Provinces. Parish, V. gififantea, see Stauropsis gigantensi, 8. V. Kimballiana, Rchb. f. Undoubtedly this is one the handsomest Vandas^ and was originally found by Mr. Boxall in Upper Burma. It is of slender habit, producing very narrow subulate leaves, tapering to a point, 7 or 8 in, long ; scapes nodding, 12 — 18 in. long, bearing 12 or more handsome flowers measur- ing 2 in. across ; upper sepal and petals narrow-oblong obtuse undulate at the margins, white suffused with delicate rose ; lateral sepals much larger, falcate, white suffused with pale rose towards the extremities ; lip 3-lobed, the side lobes small, bright yellow dotted with brown, the midlobe large cordate, deep rich rosy-purple. Williams, Grows mostly on rocks, and in clusters, which break up into single plants on being pulled off. Like V, Amesiana^ it likes the sun, and 1 have seen both species clinging to bare rocks in the full blaze, without any shade. R, Moore, Fort Stedman, R, Moore, The Garden, 1890, xxvii. p. 322. t. 747 ; Lindenia, v. t. 204 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7112; Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 1889, vi. 335. f. 50; Journ. of Hort. 1890, XX. p. 41, f. 6 ; Veitch Man, Orchid, vii. 90 ; Warn. Sel. Orchid. PI. iii. t. 36. The Orchids of Burma. 2SS V. Acampe longifolia, see Saccolabium longifolium, 9. V. Parishii, Veitch and Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1867, 180. with fig. A coarse-looking plant with a rather flattened stem and broad leathery but flabby leaves about 8 by 3 in. The flowers are borne in an erect raceme of 6 — 8 flowers, which are nearly as large as those of V. gigantea^ and resemble them much in their markings. They are uniformly dotted with round spots of a red-brown colour on an orange ground. The column and base of the lip are white, and the somewhat triangular middle lobe is purplish-lilac. It has a delicious fragrance, resembling honey. It is, I think, the freest and most rapid grower known to me, and very easy of cultivation. Parish, Leaves broad obtusely 2-lobed, peduncle short stout erect, bracts large, flowers 2 in. diam., fleshy spotted mauve-brown or purple, lateral sepals broadly ovate-oblong and orbicular petals apiculate, lip half as long as the sepals, side lobes rounded, midlobe small cuneately flabelli- form. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein. Parish. Stem very short, stout. Leaves few, 8 — 10 by 2 — 3 in. Peduncle very short ; raceme 6 — 8 in., drooping, 6 — 8-fld, ; bracts acuminate ; flowers variable in colour. The short stems and broad flat leaves arc not those of Vanda proper, and more resemble Stauropsis or Arach- nanthe. Hook.f FI. Brit, Ind. vi. 51 — 52. Rchb. f. Xenia, ii. p. 138 ; in Card. Chron. 1870, p. 890 ( ?8oo) ; Warner Orchid. Alb. t. 153 C. P. 178. Var. Marriottiana^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1880, 743 ; and 1881, 7*6. A very distinct and beautiful variety. A dwarf compact plant, with the short stems closely set with distichous ligulate-obtuse fleshy leaves, slightly and unequally emarginate ; the scape axillary, erect, bearing a raceme of about six handsome flowers, of which the sepals and petals, instead of being spotted as in the type, are bronzy-brown, richly suffused 33 256 The Orchids of Burma. with magenta, and the lip has white basal auricles, and a rich magenta rhomboid front lobe. The flowers are not scented. Mouimein. Williams. Orchid Alb. ii. t. 6i. purpurea^ N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1883, 307. The sepals and petals arc mauve-purple with white bases, and the lip bright mauve. Hook, f L c. 10. V. parviflora, Lindl. in Hot. Reg. xxx. Misc. 45. A beautiful little plant, quite distinct in character and resembling Saccolabium curvifolimn in habit. The leaves are lorate, unequally bilobed with an intermediate cusp, and short erect racemes of pale yellow flowers, the broad oblong rounded front lobe of the lip white with purple crests on the fleshy disk, dotted with lilac ; it blossoms during the summer months. Williams. Peduncle and raceme strict erect, in. diam., sepals oblong and spathulate petals yellow, lip rather shorter than the sepals, midlobe cuneate-obovate with a dilated truncate 2-lobed tip, disk with fleshy blue ridges, spur slender conical half as long as the lip. S/ew 4—6 in. Leaves 4—8 by in., unequally obtusely 2-lobed. Feduncle md rachis stout; pedicel with ovary i— ij4 in.; side lobes of lip small, ovate. Capsule i — in., long pedicelled, clavate. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi 50, Western Himalaya ; Kumaon, Atakmunda river, alt. 3 — 4000 ft., Edgeworth. Nepal, Wallich. Assam, Mann. Burma, Berkeley. Western Peninsula; from the Concan to Travancorc. Ceylon, Walker^ &*c. Wight, Ic. t. 1669 ; Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1877, Syn. — uErides Wighlianum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7320 ; Gen. and Sp. 238 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 40; Bot. Mag. t. 5138 Wight. Ic. v. p. 8; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 265 ; C. P. 22 and 162. Var. albiflora ; sepals and petals white, lip white, ridges speckled with red, spur broader, obtuse. Hook.f. 1 . c. Mouimein (Ic. Parish). The Orchids of Burma. 257 11 . V. Boxburghii, Br. in Bot. Reg. t. 506. Leaves praemorse, raceme suberect, flowers 1 % — 2 in. diam., tessel- lated with brown, sepals and petals subequal clawed obovate waved, lip nearly as long as the sepals, side lobes small acute, midlobe panduriform violet tip dilated truncate a-lobed. Tenasserim, Hook.f, Stem I — 2 ft., climbing. Leaves 6 — 8 in., narrow, complicate. Peduncle 6 — 8 in., 6 — 10-fld. ; sepals and petals yellowish-green or blueish except from the clath rate-brown nerves, margins white ; lip half as long as the sepals or more, disk of midlobe convex with fleshy ridges and white margins and mesial lines \ spur conical. Reichenbach in Gard. Chron. 1883, i. 9, describes a Var. Wightiana^ with purple lip, the side lobes with more or less developed anterior teeth. The colouring in the FI. des Series, ii. t. 1 1, is unlike that of any form known to me. Roxburgh distinguish his C. tessellatum from his C. tesselloidesy by the former having the lip with the sides incurved into a tube, and the blade tapering entire acute ; whilst in the latter the lip is channelled above, concave underneath, and the tip of 2 obtuse lobes. The latter (the typical V. Roxburghii) is the only form known to Indian botanists, and 1 suspect that the form of the lip of C. tessellatum is due to withering. Hook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 52 — 3, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 215 , Fol. Orchid. 3; Wight. Ic. t. 916 ; FI. des Serres ii. t. 11 ; Faxt. FI. Gard. t. 42, f. 2 ; Rchb. FI. Exot. t. 121 ; 111 . Hort. t, 185 (var.). Syn. — V* tesselloides^ Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 864. Cymbid, tesselloides^ Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 463. C. tessellatum^ Swartz an Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 75 ; Willd. Sp. FI. iv. 102 ; Roxb. FI. Ind. 1 . c. C. alagnata. Herb. Ham. Epidendrum tessellatum^ Roxb. Cor. FI. i. 34, t. 42. brides tessellatum^ Wight in Wall. Cat. 7318; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 240. — Vanda, Jones in Asiat. Res. iv. 302. 258 The Orchids of Burma. Van concolor^ Bot. Mag. 3416. Leaves distichous, obliquely and unequally toothed at the end. FloweV’Spikes erect, many-fld., longer than the leaves. Flowers distant, about 2 in. across. Sepals and petals unguiculate (clawed) obovate, obtuse. Lip about the same length as the sepals, with two small tria^n- gular rather blunt side lobes or auricles at its base, from in front of which it is ovate, convex, traversed by 3 lamellae, and terminated by a kidney-shaped, broad, bifid apex. Flower of an uniform dull greenish brown colour on the inside, lip included, without any markings, and white on the outside. Parish. C. P. 177. Var. unicolor is I suspect the Chinese V. concolor^ Blume Hook./. L c. 12. V. teres, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7324; Gen. and Sp. 217 ; Fol. Orchid. 7 ; in Bot. Reg. t. 1809. This species differs widely from all the foregoing. Its leaves are terete, distant, few alternate 6 — 8 in. long. The racemes, which are few-fld., are opposite to a leaf, 6 — 12 in. long. The flowers are very handsome, of a prevailing rose-colour, quite 4 in. across, with a large conical spur. Lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes forming a tube round the column, midlobe broad and fan-shaped, bifid. The stem which is single or branched, and of a dry woody nature, though only about in. diam., often attains a great length, ascending to the tops of trees, from among the highest branches of which it loves to thrust its handsome blossoms into the full blaze of the sun. The roots are sparse, long and tough like cords, and take firm hold of the tree on which it grows. Found sparingly all over the Provinces. Parish. Flowers from May to July, and lasts four or five weeks in beauty. Williams. , Midlobe of lip 2-fid., lobes hatchet-shaped, sac long conical. Stem many feet long, branched, and leaves as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 6—8 in. Peduncle 6—12 in. ; bracts short, ovate ; flowers 3 — 6, 4 in. diam., white or rose-cold. ; sepals and petals undulate ; lip hairy The Orchids of Burma. 259 towards the base ; side lobes broad, incurved, yellow within, crimson spotted ; midlobe much larger, flabellatelly reniform purple or rose- colour, sac I in. long ; column hairy in front. Capsule i in., clavate. Hook.f FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 49—50. Lower Bengal; at Seeb Saugur Clarke. Assam, Silhet, the Khasia Hills, Chittagong and Upper Burma, Roxburgh^ Wallichy Bot. Mag. t. 4114; Paxt. Mag. V. t. 193; Griff. Notul. in. 352; Warn. Sel. Orchid, Ser. iii. t. 2 ; Rcichenbachia, i. t. 27 ; Rev. Hortic. 1856, t. 22 ; Hook. I St Cent. Orch. PI. t. 88 ; Veitch Man. Orch. PI. vii. p. 104 ; the Garden, 1892, xlii. p. 276, t. 876 ; C. P. 9. Syn. — Dendrohium itres^ Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 485. 13. V. VipaJli, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1882, ii. 134, 29. Leaves very narrowly linear decurved deeply unequally 2-loothed, raceme few-fld., sepals and rather smaller petals cuneate-oblong obtuse undulate gradually narrowed to the base, pale olive green or ochreous, barred with short brown purple lines, lip panduriforra, side lobes semi- ovate golden yellow, midlobe olive-green 2-callous at the base, spur conical glabrous within. Hook.f. FI. Brit. Ind, vi. 54 (among species unknown to him). Burma, Vipan. V. (Acampe) Wightiana, see Saccolabium Wightianum. KEY TO SPECIES. Vanda,* R. Brown. Epiphytes ; stems leafy. Leaves very coriaceous or fleshy, flat keeled or terete. Flowers usually large, highly coloured, in simple lax or dense racemes. Sepals and petals subequal, spreading or incurved, bases narrowed. Lip large, base usually saccate or spurred, side lobes See Appendix A, Genus 60. 26 o The Orchids of Burma, large or small (rarely O), placed on the sides of the sac or spur ; mid- lobe various, fleshy, disk usually ridged or lamellate. Column short, stout ; foot not or very shortly produced ; anther 2-celled ; rostellum obscure ; pollinia 2, didymous, subglobose or obovoid, strap broad short or long geniculate, gland rather large (slender in § A noils and gland small). Spxtion I. Euvanda. * Leaves terete. Scape few-fld. See also brides cylindricum. No, 12, V, feres. * * Leaves flat or channelled and keeled. Scape usually many-fld. t Flowers in. diam. (See also V. BensonL) No. 5, V. ccenilescens \ No. 10, K parviflora. t t Flowers 2 in. diam. and upwards (smaller in V. Bensoni). No. 2, V. Bensoni \ No. 4, V. ccerulea \ No. 6, V. Denisoniana ; No. 9, V. Parishii \ No. 11, V. Roxburghii. Section II. Anota. No. 7, V. densiflora. The two species of this section (the above and V. violacea) have been referred to Saccolabium, Vam/a, and one of them to Rhynchostylis In whichever genus placed they are aberrant ; the ridged lip is quite that of Vanda but the lii> and the strap of the pollinia is as in Rhynchostylis ; and the spur is hardly that of Vamla, but rather of Saccolabiutn. Section III. Cristatae. No Burmese species. STAUROPSIS,^ Reichb. f. Epiphytes ; stems stout, leafy. Leaves distichous, coriaceous, flat, 2-lobed, Flowers in lateral racemes. Sepals and similar but smaller petals widely spreading. Lip sessile, adnate to the base or sides of the column, incurved, base simple or saccate, lobes narrow, flisk naked or hairy. Column short, thick, foot O, top truncate \ anther i-celled ; pollinia 2, subglobose, 2-cleft ; strap broad, gland large. Hook. f. See Appendix A, Genus 51. The Orchids of Burma. ^ 261 1 . Stauropsis gigastens, Benth. in Gen. Plant iii. 57a. A very large species with broad fleshy strap-shaped leaves, i in. or more long by 3 — 4 in. broad, blunt and emarginate at the end. Raceme drooping, i ft. or more long consisting of large yellow flowers 3 in. across, marked irregularly with round spots of a reddish-brown colour. It forms masses of extraordinary size. One plant I found on the Shan border was a great deal more than I could have packed on an elephant. ,It is apparently a very local plant, but abundant in some places, viz., in the shady jungles about Tavoy, and in the Yunzalin district. Parish, Flowers very large golden-yellow ocellately blotched with cinnamon, sepals and petals spathulately obovate, lip white hatchet-shapcd obtuse, base cordate, side lobes rounded, midlobc narrow obtuse fleshy, disk with a broad conical callus. Stem pendulous. Leaves i — 2 ft. by 2 — 3 in., very thick, flat. Raceme 10 — 15 in., decurved, many-fld.; rachis very stout \ bracts short, broad ; flowers 3 in. diam,; lateral sepals horned behind below the tip. Griffith describes two sterile stamens between the lateral sepals and petals. Hook,/. FI, Brit. Ind. vi. 27. Syn. — Fieldia gigantea^ Rchb, f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 39 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 871. Vanda gigantea^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7326 ; Gen. and Sp. 215; Fol. Orchid. 2, Bot. Mag. t. 5189; Rchb. f. 1 . c. 38 t. 112. 111 . Hortic. 1861, 277; Rev. Hortic. 1874, t. 291 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. t. 142 ; Xen. Orchid, ii. t. 112 ; C. P. i. V, Lindleyana^ Griff. Notul. iii. 353. ABAOHNANTHE, Blume. 1. Arachnanthe bilinguis, Benth. in Gen. Plant, iii. 573. Scape few-fld., lateral sepals and petals oblanceolate, lip with a large recurved spur under the limb, side lobes very small, rounded. 262 The Orchids of Burma. Tenasserim; Moulmein The Khasia Mts.; at Nurtiuhg (Ic.Jerdon), Stem elongate, as thick as a swan’s quill or less. Leaves 5—8 by y2—y^ in., keeled, coriaceous, unequally 2-lobed. Scape long or short, greenish-brown; flowers 4— 6, distant, lyi in. diain.; sepals and petals obtuse, yellowish with broad red-brown or blotched margins ; lip yellow, very narrow, recurved ; spur adnate, recurved, as long as the limb, the tip of which is hence bi-fid with the lobes superposed ; strap of pollinia short, gland large. Hook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 28. Syn. — Renanihera bilinguis. Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 7, t. 4 ; C. P. 20. R, labrosa^ Rchb. f. 1 . c. 88. Arrynchium'labrosum^ Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Gard. i. 142. KEY TO SPECIES. Arachnanthe, * Blumc. Characters of Stauropsis but lip jointed on to the base of the column and mobile. The character of the mobile lip requires confirmation in the living plant of some Species. * Flmvers in simple racemes. Side lobes of lip much smaller than the midlobe. No. I, A, bilinguis, * ^ Flowers panicled. Side lobes of lip nearly equalling-or exceeding the midlobe. No Burmese species. * See Appendix A, Genus 52. The Orchids of Burma. 263 OBAMMATOPHTLLUn,* Blume. Large stout epiphytes. Leaver linear, distichous, jointed on their sheaths. Scapes lateral, long, stout ; flowers large racemose. Sepals and i^etah subequal, spreading. Lip small, adnate to the base of the column (mobile?; erect, concave; its side lobes embracing the column, mid- lobe short, recurved. Column semiterete, foot O, top incurved \ anther broad, 2-celled; pollinia 2, subglobose, 2-cleft, attached one to each horn of a curved strap or gland. Hook.f. 1 . Q. speciosum, Blume Bijdr. 377, fig. 20; Rump. iv. 47, t. 191. A very large (gigantic Hooker calls it) epiphytal caulescent orchid. The stems (it is straining a term to call them pseudobulbs) are numerous, and take their rise from a huge dense tangled mass of short, branched, fine wiry roots, 3 — 5 ft. in circumference j the stems are 4 — 5 ft. long, 2 or 2yi in. diam., rather flattened, clothed for nearly their whole length with long, membranous, strap-shaped distichous leaves, which are close-set and sheathing at their base. Roughly speaking, they may be compared to large-sized sugar-canes. This Queen of Orchidaceous Plants,” to which for grandeur nothing in East or West can compare, is a native of the Mergui Archipelago, where it grows on betelnut trees. As soon as I discovered them, I brought two or three plants to Moulmein. The climate, however, proved unfavourable to them, and they yearly became smaller, and never gave the slightest indication of flowering. The plant seems to require a continually moist atmosphere throughout the year, which it can obtain in and around the Straits (where it was first discovered) and may in some fair measure have also in the islands of the Mergui Archipelago, which probably, is its northern limit. Parish, After stating that the plant sometimes attains the height of 8 or 10 ft., and the leaves a length of 2, the description (in Bot. Mag.) proceeds as follows : — Scape, nearly the size of one’s finger, from 4—6 ft. long, radical, erect, terete, quite smooth, many-fld. Flowers distant, expanding from the base upwards, each with a large broad concave bract, an inch long. Flower-bud 2Y2 in. long. Expanded flowers nearly 6 in. across. * See Appendix A, Genus 43. 34 264 The Orchids of Burma. Sepals and petals much spreading and slightly reflexed, broad, oblong or subovate, yellow, richly spotted and blotched with deep red-purple. Lip small for the size of the flower, 3-lobed, i % in, long ; the lobes obtuse, the side lobes convolute over the column ; the disk furrowed with 3 plates more elevated in the centre, marked with red streaks, and where the streaks are the lines are ciliated ; middle lobe entire. Column curved a little downwards, semi-terete, and partially spotted. Bot. Mag. 5157. Tenasserim, Parish. Perak, Scoriechini. Malacca, Griffith {Km Distrib. 5318)^ Maingay (K. D. i6yy). Distrib. Java, Borneo. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 62S ; Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. iii. 708 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5157 ; Paxt. FI. Gard. ii. t. 69 ; FI. des Serres, t. 1386; Batem. 2nd. Cent. Orchid, t. 181 ; Jard. Fleur, t. 235 ; Gard. Chron. 1878, ii. 181, f. 36 ; 1890, i. 289, f. 46 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 628 ; FI. Bril. Ind. vi. 18 ; C. P. 168. Syn. — G* /astuosuMf Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Gard. ii. t. 159, sub. t. 69. G. macranthum, Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. 16 ; Walp. Ann. I c. Fattonia macraniha^ Wight Ic. t. 1750. Gabertia scripta^ Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 425. Cymbidium scriptum^ Swartz in Schrad. Diar. 1799, *28 ; Willd. Sp. PI. IV. 100. Epidendrum scriptum^Unn,^}^. PI. 1351.— Rumph. Amboin. vi. 95, t. 42 - RENANTHERA,^ Lour. Epiphytes ; stem elongate, branched, leafy ; pseudobulbs O. Leavts rigid, 2-lobed, Flowers large or medium-sized, in lateral spreading panicles. Sepals narrow, widely spreading, dorsal erect, lateral deflexed or placed under the lip, oblanceolate or spathulatc, at first parallel or * See Appendix A, Genus 59. The Orchids of Burma. 265 connate. Petals narrow. Lip very small sessile, jointed on the base of the column, saccate, side lobes erect. Column short, truncate, foot O ; pollinia large 2-grooved or 2-partite, strap short, gland transverse, Hook. f. The treatment recommended for Vanda as regards heat and mois- ture will also suit these plants. They will do well on blocks if they obtain a good supply of water during the growing season, after which give only enough water to keep the stems and leaves from shrivelling. They require plenty of light. Propagated in the same way as yErides and Vanda* Williams. B* bllmjfttis, Kchb. f. See Avachnanthe bilinguis. 1. B. COCCinea, Loureiro, FI. Cochin. Ch. ii. 637. Stem many feet long, climbing up trees to a considerable height, simple or branched, sending out long wiry roots, here and there leafy at the termination of the branches. Leaves 2-ranked, thick and fleshy, varying in length and breadth, 6 — 8 in, by i — 2. Flowers red, very handsome, 2^— 3 in. across, in a large lateral panicle. Lip small, striped with yellow, bagged in the middle, 3-lobed ; side lobes rounded, erect ; midlobe ovate, pointed. Discovered many years ago in Cochin- China. Found by me only on the Moscos Islands (opposite Tavoy). Parish. Flowers 2 — 2^ in. diam., lateral sepals free, much larger than the dorsal, midlobe of lip ovate-lanceolate recurved. Stem I — 3 ft., stout. Leaves 2 — 4 in., distant, oblong or shortly lorate. Peduncle 2 — 3 ft., erect ; branches long, divaricate, lax-fld.; very small, broad ; lateral sepals scarlet, dorsal and petals linear, orange red, spotted \ lip yellow, tip of small spur and midlobe scarlet ; strap of pollinia linear acute. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 48. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 217 ; Bot, Reg. t. 1131 ; Bot.Mag. t. 2997 — 8 ; Paxt. Mag. t. 49 ; Rchb. FI. Exot. t. 114 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 875 ; Warner Sel. Orchid. PI. ii. t. 37 ; Puydt. Les Orchid. 226. f. 229 ; Hook. ist. Cent. Orchid. PI. t. 90 ; Veitch Man. Orchid. PI. vii. p. 83 ; C. P. 167. 266 The Orchids of Burma. CBCEOGLADES, LindL (B. flexnosa, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 236, see Cleisostoma ratnosum J5RIDES, Loureiro. Caulescent epiphytes with 2-ranked leaves. Flowers in racemes or spikes. Perianth spreading or more or less closed. Sepals and petals nearly equal, the lateral sepals being often oblique at the base, and connate with the prolonged base of the column. Column short. Lip jointed with the claw of the column, spurred, or bagged, 3-lobed, side lobes small, centre variously shaped. Pollen-masses 2, normal Parish, They are very easy to cultivate in the Tropics, growing freely on trees ; they increase quickly and soon form wonderfully fine masses. Being found naturally in the valleys, they do not need very much rest, and it is important that they be supplied with sufficient moisture even during the cold weather, as if allowed to become too dry the leaves will shrivel and fall. Jennings, They may be grown in baskets or rafts of wood, or in pots. They are propagated by cutting them into pieces, with roots at- tached to each piece. Some kinds, however, are shy in throwing up young shoots, and this makes these sorts very scarce. Those of the odoratum group are the most easy to increase. If the plants get into an unhealthy condition the best way is to cut away the bottom portion and give the remainder fresh moss, with plenty of water at the roots. Williams. M. affine, see multifiomm. 1. JE. crassifolium. Par. and Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX, 145 ; C. P. 146. Very stout and compact in growth with thick coriaceous oblong obliquely-bilobed dark green leaves, and long drooping spikes of ame- The Orchids of Burma. 267 thyst purple deliciously fragrant flowers, which are produced in May or June, and continue perfect for a very long time. The flowers are amongst the largest in the family, and the bluntly ovate projected mid- lobe of the lip is of a deeper, richer purple than the rest of the flowers. It is a gorgeous species and has been called King of all the i^rides.” Williams. Characters of yE. falcatum^ but much more robust, with shorter leaves, dark purple flowers and the spur geniculate at the base and not hidden under the midlobe of the lip. Very nearly allied to falcatum^ the chief difference being the form of the spur and that the sides of the midlobe of the lip are so reflected as that their under surfaces meet. Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 46. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1877, i. 633; and ii. 492, f. 96; Otia Hamb. 43 \ Warn. Sel. Orchid. Sen 3, t. 12 ; Paxt. FI. Card, reissue, t. I ; Orchidoph. 1885, p. 370 ; Veitch Man. Orchid, vii. Contra, p. 66. Syn. — y£. exfiansuniy Rchb. f. 1 . c. 1882, ii. 40. Flowers in elongated racemes, sepals and petals creamy white marked with purple, the well expanding lip having amethyst blotches on the lateral lobes and on the sides of the midlobe, the broad anterior portion of which is deep purple and the spur greenish \ it flowers in June and July. Williams. Gartenfl. 1889, t. 1296. yE. falcatum expansum^ Williams. Van Leonia^ Rchb. f. in Bull. Soc. Tor, d'Orticult. x. t. 14. Is described as having retuse side lobes of lip and an expanded midlobe. Hook.f. L c. Williams,Orchid. Man. t. 14 ; Orchid. Alb. t. 328; Orchidoph. 1885, 30^ Syn.— ./S. expansum leonce. JE. ditforme, Wall. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 242, see Ornithochilus fuscus. 268 The Orchids of Burma. 2 . JE. crispum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7319; Gen. & Sp. 239; in Bot. Reg. 1841,1. 55 ; in Card. Chron. 1842, 71 1 (with fig.) ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41. The flowers grow in long drooping racemes larger than those of any other species, white tipped with rosy pink, deliciously scented, the lip 3-lobed and upwards of i in. long, the midlobe fringed and almost wholly of a bright rose, or sometimes deep rose purple. The blossoms, which are abundant, are produced in June and July, and last 2 — 3 weeks in good condition. Williams. Midlobe of lip large broadly ovate-oblong, obscurely 3-lobed crenate or toothed, spur very short obtuse. Stem 4—10 in., very stout. Leaves 4—8 in., from oblong to lorate, variable in breadth, thickly coriaceous, lobes unequal rounded. Racemes 8 — 12 in., inclined or drooping, simple or branched; pedicels very robust; flowers \% in. diam., sweet-scented; sepals and petals very broad, pale rose ; lip geniculately inflexed at the claw, rose or purple, 2-cornute at the base ; spur much shorter than the blade, and pro- jecting forwards under it ; anther long-beaked, strap of pollinia slender below, dilated above. Capsule — 2 in., clavate or pyriform, angles subalate. I find no character whereby to separate Lindleyanum. Lindley says of Brookeii^ more odorous than odoratum. Hook. J. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 45. Western Ghdts ; from the Concan to Travancore, Hook. f. Burma, Parish. Bot. Mag. t. 4427 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 265 ; FI. des Serres, v. t. 48;Walp. Ann. vi. 896; 111 . Hortic. 1847, 123; Card. Chron. i8S9i ^4i with fig. ; Belg. Hortic. 1876, 287 ; Warn. Orchid. Alb. vii. t. 293 (var.) ; Veitch Man. Orchid. PI. vii. contra p. 67 ; C. P. J83. SYN.—.t£. Lindl^anum, Wight Ic. t. 1677 bis; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 ; Wall. 1 . c. 879. y£.Brookeiif Lindl. in Card. Chron. 1841, 518; 1842, 559 ; Batem. in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 55 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot, ix, t. 145 > FI. des Serres t. 151. Warneri. Hort. The Orchids of Burma. 269 3 . JE. decnmbenSi Griff. Notul. iii. 365 without description Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 320, fig. 1 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 423. Stem very short. Leaves 2 — 4 in., elliptic, acute, many-nerved ; peduncles several, short, stout, few-fid. ; bracts small, triangular ; pedi- cels with ovary ^ in., erect ; flowers ^ in. diam. ; lateral sepals very broad, obtuse. This has the habit of a Phalcenopsis, Hook./, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 48 (among species unknown to him). 4 JE. Emericii, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, 586. The flowers are in drooping racemes, the sepals and petals white with a broad purple-lilac stripe down the centre of each, and the lip white with the middle lobe purple-lilac, and marked with numerous small spots of the same colour on the interior portion of the spur ; it flowers in September and October. Williams. Lobes of leaf long, narrow, subacute, sepals longer than the petals, midlobe of lip lanceolate acute. Stem 6 — 8 in. Leaves 10 — 12 by — 1% in., lobes much longer than in /E. odoraium. Racemes 6 — 8 in. ; flowers in. diam., pale lilacs pedicels i in., side lobes of lip rounded, entire ; spur short, stout ; foot of column very short ; anther shortly beaked ; strap of pollinia long, linear. Much the smallest-flowered of the Indian species. Hook. /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 47 — 48. Andaman Islands, Berkeley. 6. JBL. falcatum, Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Gard. ii. 142. A fine free-growing plant with a good deal of the habit of Hi. crispum. The flowers grow in dense pendulous racemes of a creamy white with a crimson spot at the apex of the sepals and petals, and the lip, which is* 3-parted, with the lateral lobes obtusely falcate, and the middle obovate lobe convex and ciliated, is deep rose in the middle, the edges white barred with rose. It is a distinct and striking species, and was first flowered in 1847 Mr. Eyles, when gardener to Sir G. Larpent of Roehampton, after whom it is sometimes called. Williams* 2/0 The Orchids of Burma. Side lobes of lip half as long as the clawed midlobe dimidiate ob- long or falcate, midlobe ovate or ovate-cordate, sides replicate erose, spur parallel to the midlobe and concealed under it. Stem 6 — 8 in., robust. Leaves % — 12 by i — in. Raceme AtaxtvtA or pendulous, lax-fld. ; flowers i — lyi in. diam., white, pale violet, purple or pink ; sepals and petals often tipped with a darker shade, and lip usually darker ; lateral sepals with a very broad base ; column beaked, foot elongate, anther long-beaked, strap of pollinia slender, gland small. Hook, f FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 46. Tenasserim, Wallich^ Parish^ Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, i. 220, t. 92 ; Morren Belg. Hortic. 1876, 288 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 897 ; Syn. — Larpentce^ Hort. Makoy. Prix. Cour. 1862 ; Rchb. f. in Otto and Dietr. Gartenz. 1856, 219. /E^ retrofractumy Wall. MSS. iE. Larpentse, see M.falcatum, iE. Lobbii, see /E, multiflomm, 6. iE. mitratum, Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1864, 415. A very distinct and charming species of small stature. The stems are short with abundant thick aerial roots, the leaves being 2 ft. long, cylindric attenuately-acuminate or whip like, dark green, and the flowers in numerous dense erect racemes, 5 — 10 in. long, the sepals and petals pure waxy white, and the broadly trulliform obtuse lip rosy purple. A rare and elegant species. Bot Mag, 1 5728, Leaves very long. Aliform, side lobes of lip minute uncinate, mid- lobe broadly ovate retuse, spur short inflated. Stem I — 2 in., and roots very stout. Leaves 2 — 3 ft., ^ in. diam., deeply grooved above. Racemes many, suberect, 3 in. long, cylindric ; peduncle very stout ; bracts minute, acute ; flowers in. diam. ; petals and sepals subsimilar, oblong, tips rounded, white or tipped with violet ; lip longer and broader than the sepals, violet ; spur contracted at The Orchids of Burma. 271 the neck, inflated, compressed, base truncate, obtuse, tip pointing for- wards. Hook,/ FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 44. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein {ffort Day.), 7. M. multifloruiu, ^oxb. Cor. PI. iii. 63, t. 271 ; FI. Ind. iii. 475 - Midlobe of lip hastately ovate, tip rounded, spur short straight. Stem 4 — 10 in., stout. Leaves 6 — 8 in., deeply channelled and keeled, variable in breadth, 2-lobed. Racemes 6 — 12 in., rarely branch- ed, shortly peduncled ; flowers — ly^ in. diam., rose-purple, some- times spotted with darker ; sepals and petals subequal, oblong, tips rounded ; lip twice as long, sides recurved, claw geniculately indexed, spur as long as the midlobe, pointing forwards under it with an in- curved fleshy 2-lobed callus on the base of the midlobe; column beaked ; anther long beaked, strap long slender. Capsule yi — 2 in., subclavate, stoutly pedicelled. Common and variable. Lindley over- looked Roxburgh’s works. In Griffith’s Eastern Himalayan collections, a fruiting specimen of which is a different species, or perhaps a very large var. of this or Fieldingii^ with leaves 12 — 14 by 1]^ in., and a stout raceme 12 — 16 in., the capsules are of multiflorum. Hook. / FI. Brit. Ind. vi, 44 — 45. Tropical Himalaya ; from Garwhal eastwards ; the Khasia Hills, southwards to Tenasserim. Hook. /. Belg. Hortic. 1876, 286 ; Wap. Ann. vi. 897. SvN. — jE. affine^ Wall. Cat. 7316; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 239; Sert. Orch. 1. 15 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4049 ; Warn. Sel. Orch. Ser. i. t. 21 ; C.P, 63. jE. roseum, Lodd. ex Paxt. FI. Gard. ii. 109, t. 60 ; Jard . Fleur, ii. t. 200 ; Gartend. viii. 253, t. 267 ; III. Hortic. iii. t. 88. Loditt\ Hort. ex Gaud, in III. Hort. 1868, t. 559 (an Teism. & Binn. ?) ; Orchid Alb. i. t. ii ; C. P. 25 ; Veitch Man. Orch. PI. vii. op- posite p. 75. Flowers numerous, white slightly tinted with soft rose, and faintly dotted towards the tips ; the lip washed with violet, the colour strongest 35 ?72 The Orchids of Burma. on each side the white central line of the broad ovate anterior part. A very showy kind. There are many varieties, some of them producing long branching spikes. Flowers in June and July. Williams, /E, VeitcAii, Hort. ex Morven in Belg. Hortic. 1876, 291 ; Williams Man. 70. trigonum^ Klotzch. in Otto & Dietr. Allgem. Gartenz. 1855, 1 ^ 7 7 * Epidendrum geniculatum^ Herb. Ham. Var. dE, Lobhii Ainsworthii, A very fine form producing spikes about 2fi. long, which are well branched : the colour is very bright and more effective than in the type. Moulmein. Williams, 8. JE. odoratum, Lour. Fl. Coch. 525. A free growing plant flowering very abundantly. The leathery leaves are ligulate, keeled, pale green, and obliquely>obtuse at the apex. The flowers grow in pendulous many-fld. racemes longer than the leaves and are creamy white, blotched and shaded with pale magenta, and have a delightful perfume ; the lip is remarkable for its large upturned spur. Specimens have been seen 5ft. high and 4ft. in diam. with 50 — 60 spikes. Williams, Common in Bengal, Sikkim and Burma. Flowers white tipped with pale pink ; an abundant bloomer, very fragrant and lasting a long time. It is one of the oldest known of Indian orchids. Jennings, Lobes of leaf large rounded, lateral sepals much larger than the dorsal and petals, midlobe of lip oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire or erose. Stem 4 — 12 in. very stout. Leaves 6 — 10 by in. Racemes many 10 — 12 in. ; peduncle and rachis stout ; flowers purple to nearly white, sweet-smelling, often purple spotted or tipped ; side lobes of lip subcuneate, midlobe short ; spur very large, uncinately incurved ; column short ; anther obtuse ; strap of pollinia not long, linear, gland small. Capsule I— in., oblong-clavate, angles obtuse; pedicel ^ in., very stout. Hook, f, Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 47. Tropical Himalaya ; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim, /. D, H, The The Orchids of Burma. 273 Kbasia Hills, Silhet, Chittagong and Tenasserim. The Concan, fftyne in Herb. Rottl Distrib. Java, China, Cochin-China. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 239 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 ; Bot. Mag. 4139; Paxt. FI. Card. ii. t. 143; Flor. Cal. ii. 75; Maund. Botanist iv. t. i8oj Knowles and West. t. 75; Hartm. Parad. ii. t. 4 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 898; Lindenia, t. 14 (var.) ; Hook. ist. Cent. t. 89. Syn. — cornutum^ Koxb. Hort. Beng. 63; FI. Ind. iii. 472, Bot, Reg. t. 1485. Var, Virens^ one of our most lovely orchids : it is very near to yE. odoratum but far finer. Leaves broad, blunt and depressed, flowers in long elegant drooping racemes, individually about i in. long, lyaxy white spotted with violet, deliciously fragrant. Sepals and petals obovate obtuse. The lip terminates in a pointed incurved and upturned spur, its 3 lobes are connivent, the side lobes erect and toothed and the middle incurved between them and serrated. All these close over the column and anther, completely hiding them, and when the lip is forcibly opened, it flies back to its closed position much as the flower of the snapdragon does. Parish. Lour, Bot Reg. 1843, Misc. 48 ; vide Bot. Mag. 4139 ; C. P. 2. 9. iE. Pachyphyllum, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1880, ii. 230. Leaves short most fleshy obtusely unequally 2-lobed, raceme short few-fld., sepals and rather shorter petals oblong-ligulate obtusely acute crimson-lake, side lobes of lip subtriangular short, midlobe purple trian- gular minute, spur white cylindric obtuse inflated longer than the pedi- celled ovary, column white. Hook. / FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 48 (among species unknown to him). Burma {Hort. Feitch.). M. rosetun* see mulHflorum. 10< BL soavissiinuiu, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. iv. 263 ; in Paxt. FI. Card. ii. 14I1 1. 66 . Differs from odoratum in the midlobe of the lip being longer and emarginate. Said to be the sweetest scented species of the genus, 274 The Orchids of Burma. but more definite characters are wanting to distinguish it from odoraium. The sepals and petals are rosy with often darker tips, the spur yfllow mottled red. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 47. Burma, Hook, f, Jard. Fleur, t, 213 ; Rolf, in Card. Chron. 1890, i. 43 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 8q8. ( Syn. — Reichenbachiiy Linden in Koch and Fintelni. Wochen- schrift, 1858, 61 : Rchb. f. Xen. Orchid, ii. ii, t. 104. noMlCy Warner Sel. Orchid. Ser. i t. ii ; Gartenfl. 40, f. 641. Rohanianum^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1884, i. 206. /E,flavidum^ Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Card. ii. loi. Ballantinianum^ Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1885, ii, 798, is an early flowering form. Hook,/, X. Virens, sec ^dS, odoratuw, var. virens. KEY TO SPECIES. .AiIridks,* Lour. Section 1. No Burmese species. Section II. * Lip horizontal or inflexed. No. I, jB, crassi/olium ; No. 2, crispum ; No. 5, /alca- turn ; No. 6, mitratum ; No. 7, multiflorum, * * Lip deflexed. No Burmese species. Section III. No. 4, M, Emericii; No. 8, JE, odoratum ; No. 10, jE, suavis- simu/n. * See Appendix A, Genus 58. The Orchids of Burma. 275 ORNTTHOOHILnS.* Wallich. £piphyt«8 : Stem very short, pseudobulbs O. Zeaves few, broad, flat. Stapes lateral, slender, flowers small, racemed or panicled. S^als spread- ing, subequal, lateral obliquely obovate. Peta/s linear. Lip much larger than the sepals, clawed, side lobes subquadrate, midlobe clawed indexed lobulate and flmbriate, with a velvety flap over the mouth of the short incurved spur, which is distant from the base. Column short, foot O ; rostellum forcipate ; anther low a-celled, pollinia 2, subglobose or oblong grooved/ strap obcuneate. Hook.J. 1 . 0. fUscuSt Wall, in Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 242. Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Parish. Stem in., 2—3 leaved. Leaves i—'j by in., obliquely eliptic-oblong, acute, many-nerved, base narrowed. Racemes simple or sparingly branched, 6 — 12 in., lax-fld. ; bracts small, subulate ; flowers ^ ^ in. broad sepals and petals yellow streaked with red ; side lobes of lip striped with brown ; midlobe variable in breadth, red, its lobules reflexed, the mid-one entire or flmbriate. Capsule 1 in. fusiform, pedicelled. Hook,/. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 76. Syn. — 0 . cubkfarum, Hance in Journ. Bot. xxii. (1884), 364. brides diffomUf Wall, in Lindl. L c. 242 ; Sert. Orchid, frontisp. f. 7 Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1865, 698 ; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 41 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 899 ; C. P. 184. /E. Hystrix, Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 42 (not of Gen. and Sp.). 8A000LABIUM,t Blume. This geuus contains some of the finest orchids in cultivation. They are evergreen plants, very compact in their growth, the stems furnished with long thick leathery, or fleshy distichous pendent leaves, from the * See Appendix A, Genus 67. t See Appendix A, Genus 61 • The Orchids of Burma, 276 axils of which the flowers are produced in long graceful simple or branched recurved racemes, which often measure from i to 2 feet in length. The flowers, though not large, are exceedingly efiective from their numbers. They have sepals and petals much spread out, and the sessile lip spurred or saccate at the base. They are similar to /Erides in habit of growth and require the same general treatment. They thrive in baskets or .pots or on blocks, and are propagated in the same manner as brides. Williams, 1 . S. acutifolium, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 223; Sert. Orchid. Frontisp. No. 2 ; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 33. Stem elongate, leaves acute or acuminate, blade of lip erose, disk naked or very sparingly tubercled. Usually a larger plant than the small states of £ calceolare^ with longer stems (4— S in.) and larger leaves, 4—6 by in. broad, never 2.fld.) but very variable. Perianth whole^cold. and yellowish red, or more yellow or greenish and mottled with brown ; lip white, centre yellow often speckled with red. Caplule in Sikkim sp. 3 in, long. Ifook. / FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 61. Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 3 — 5000 ft. Khasya Mts., Gibson, Burma, see Parish below. Kchb. f. Otia Hamb. 42 ; Walp. Ann. vi. 883. Syn. — S, denticulalum, Paxt. Mag. Bot. vii. t. 145 ; Rchb. f. 1 . c. 3 ? Bot, Mag. 4772 3 C. P. 9S B. Answers to the same general description as S, Calceolare^ but is totally different in colour, somewhat also in form. I observe that the pollen-masses in this plant are hairy, a circumstance I have never noticed in any other orchid. I have forgotten its habitat. Parish, Paxton’s S, denticulatum has greenish yellow flowers speckled with brown, and lip is described as erose. Lindley refers it to £ acutifolium. The lip of Bot. Mag. plant, apparently derived from the same source, is not erose, but with a broad thick white fringe of long papillae. Hook, f, I, c, prides umbellatum^ Wall. MSS. The Orchids of Burma. 277 2. S. ampullaceum, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7307 ; Sert. Orchid, t. ij; in Journ. Linn. Soc. Hi. 35 (excl. syn.). Leaves suberect acutely 2-fid, or truncate and toothed, raceme subsesstle, shorter than the leaves, spur straight. Tropical Himalaya, alt. i — 3000 ft., from Nepal eastwards. Silhet, Munnipore, Burma, and Tenasserim. Hook.f, Stem short, stout. Leaves 2 — 6 in. deeply channelled. Racemes short- er than the leaves, cylindric ; bracts minute ; flowers in. diam., rose red ; sepals and petals broadly obovate, widely spreading ; spur longer than the blade of the lip. Capsule 1 in., subclavate, angles acute, pedi- cel y2 in, Lindley in Journ. Linn. Soc., by oversight probably, refers his S, rubrum to this instead of to cunnfolium, Hook.J, FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 647-65. In our Tenasserim plant the leaves are short straight and rigid, commonly stained with purple, not long and curved as they are in «S. curvifolium^ but they probably vary according to locality. Local, but sometimes abundant where found, appearing to effect open arid jungle, and small trees. Parish. Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiii. t. 49 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5595 ; Warner. Orchid. Alb. t. 191 ; Batem. 2nd. Cent. Orchid PI. t. 186 ; Wight Ic. PI. Ind. 1673; Journ. of Hort. 1892, xxv. 17, f. 117 ; C. P. 50. Syn. — riSrides ampullaceuniy Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 476. Var. Moulmeinense A superb variety of the type, than which it is somewhat more robust in growth ; the leaves are spotted on both sides with dull brown, the flower-spike is longer aud denser, and the flowers are larger, of an uniform rich deep rose. Moulmein. Williams. FI, Mag, t. 393 (roseum). 8. B. b^Uinum, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1844, i. 174 ; 1870 (?) i. 145. A very pretty dwarf species, with short erect stems clothed with evergreen distichous lorate obliquely bifid leaves, and decurved ^leduncles bearing a comixict corymb of elegant flowers of considerable size. The oblong sepals and petals are straw colour blotched with large patches of 278 The Orchids of Burma. dark brown, and the saccate lip is fleshy, with mauve-purple spots having on each side a large cushion of Aliform processes, yellow in the centre, and there marked with spots of bright red. It flowers in Feb. and March, lasting some time in beauty. Williams, Stem rather long, leaves deeply unequally cleft, bracts and flowers large, blade of lip erose, disk echinate and with cushions of cillia at the base. This resembles a large state of S, calceolare^ the flowers are in. diam., bright yellow with large purple blotches. Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 6i. Burma, Boxall, Warner Orchid. Alb. iv. t. 156; Bot. Mag. t. 7142. The Garden. 1889, XXXV, P. 434, t. 7000 ; Lindenia vii. t. 330. Veitch Man. Orchid, vii. 1 1 2. 4. S. biggibum, Rchb. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5766 ; Otia Hamb. 43. This very pretty species is at present quite rare. It is a small close growing plant, with very short stems, having persistent linear-oblong bifid bright green leaves, about 4 in. long, and short stalked drooping subcorymbose racemes, bearing about 8 of its curious flowers, of which the spathulate sepals and petals are pale yellow, and the remarkable lip is triangular, white, with a very broad blunt spur, the centre yellow and the edge prettily frilled. Williams, Stem very short, leaves oblong or obovate-oblong 2-fid, bracts small, blade of lip fimbriate, disk smooth with a large 2-lobed callus. Probably a small state of S, ohliquum^ but the leaves are shorter and broader, 3 — 4 by i — in., and the large bracts seem to be wanting. Flowers whole-cold., pale straw-cold, in a drawing by Mr. Gilbert, bright yellow in Bot. Mag. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 61. Rangoon, Benson^ Gilbert, Arracan, Williams, C. P. 1279. 5. bipunctatnm, Par. & Rchb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p, 145, see Cleisostoma bipunctaium, 8. blumeii see Rhynchostylis retusa. The Orchids of Burma. 279 0 . 8 . baccosnm, Rchb. f. in Card. Chron. 1871, 938. Stem scandent, leaves linear-oblong obtusely 2-lobed, raceme sim- ple or branched much longer than the leaves, sepals broadly ovate much longer than the bottle-shaped spur, lip large, side lobes spreading round- ed, midlobe narrowly oblong. Bhotan Himalaya, Zts/er. Assam ; at Goalpara, Hamilton, Sylhet. Wallich, Tenasserim, Patish. Stem stout, rigid, internodes yi in. Leaves 3 — g by in., fleshy, 5-nerved. Raceme with long slender peduncle 5 — 6 in., laxly many- fld. ; bracts subulate ; dowers ^ in. diam., yellowish ; sepals 5-nerved ; petals much smaller, cuneately obovate, 3-nerved; lip yellow, mouth of spur a very narrow chink, neck contracted, base globose didymous ; side lobes of elongate column broad, rounded, top recurved ; anther long-pointed ; straps of globose pollinia very slender arched, gland very minute. Column and lip so different from the genus that Reichenbach 1 . c. suggests its separation. Lindley’s name of parvulum is too mis- leading to be adopted. Hook,/, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 58 — 59. C. P. 268. Syn. — .S', parvulum^ Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 36 (in note). (Eceoclades paniculata^ Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7334; Gen. and Sp. 236. Cymbidium satyrium^ Herb. Ham. 6. 8. calceolare, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7302 ; Gen. and Sp. 223 ; Sert. Orchid. Frontisp. 6; in Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 75; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 33 (excl. syn.). A small plant with very short stem, the whole not more than about 6 in. in length, bearing a few leaves which are sheathed at the base, linear-oblong, bi-fid. at the end, the two points being unequal and very acute. The flowers, which are few in number, are bound in a sort of umbellate ^raceme and form a roundish head on a short thick foot- stalk. The sepals and petals are oblong and blunt, being broader at the end than at the base, spreading, but slightly curved forwards, yellow. The lip is a large inflated pouch with a semicircular lamina or plate in front, beautifully fringed. The colour of the pouch is white at top and 36 28o The Orchids of Burma. orange-yellow at bottom, the lamina and fringe white, but there are some bright red spots on it as also on the edge of the pouch and base of the very short column. From the top of the column, and just below the anther, a large 2-lobed rostellum projects, in which the gland of the pol- linia lies. Mergui. Parish, A very common plant, and if two species are not included, very variable. Hook.f, FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 6o. Griff. Notul. iii. 356 j Itin. Notes, 170, No. 869 ; Ic. PL. Asiat. t. 334 \ Walp. Ann. vi. 883 ; Paxt. Mag. vi. 97 ; C. P. 95. Syn. — brides calceolare^ Smith in Rees Cyclop. Supple. Gastrochilus calceolaria^ Don Prodr. 32. Sarcochilus nepalensis, Spr. Syst. Veg. lii. 721. Epidendrum calceolarcy Ham. MSS. 7. S. curvifolium, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 222. A compact habited dwarf growing species, with short erect stems from 6 in. to i ft. high, with distichous linear acutely praemorse deflex- ed light green channelled leaves, and having erect axillary racemes of small crowded cinnabar-red flowers. It is a free flowering kind and blooms in May and June. It thrives well suspended on a block. Wth Hams, Leaves strongly recurved very narrow, racemes much shorter than the leaves, spur straight. Very closely allied to S, ampuHaceumy but the leaves are twice as long, much narrowed and strongly recurved, the flowers more scar- let with a golden lip. The strap of the pollen is figured in Bot. Mag. as broadly triangular ; it should be very slender, ^ooh, /. FI. Brit. Ind. vi. 65. Assam ; Ic. in Hort, Calculi. Burma, Wallich Griffithy &*c. Very abundant in the Tenasserim Provinces, Parish. III. Hortic. xii. t. 493 ; Warner Orchid. Alb. 1. 107 ; Puydt. Orchid, t. 38 ; Batem.*2nd. Cent. Orchid. PL t. 130 ; C. P. 4. Syn. — S. rubrumy Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 73x0; Gen. and Sp. 222. S.miniatum^ Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5326 (not of Lindl.). The orchids or Burma. 281 Var. hUeutn, A somewhat rare plant, in habit resembling the above the flowers, however, instead of being orange-scarlet, are clear yellow, which tenders it very distinct from the ordinary form. Moulmein. IVil- Sams. & dsnticillatnin. Past, see S. aeuS/oSum.